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Issues in routing protocol
The document discusses key issues in designing ad hoc wireless routing protocols including mobility, bandwidth constraints from a shared radio channel, and resource constraints of battery life and processing power. It outlines problems like the hidden and exposed terminal problems that can occur on a shared wireless channel. It also provides ideal characteristics for routing protocols, noting they should be fully distributed, adaptive to topology changes, use minimal flooding, and converge quickly when paths break while minimizing overhead through efficient use of bandwidth and resources.
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The presentation introduces issues in designing adhoc wireless routing protocols, focusing on mobility, bandwidth constraints, and error-prone shared broadcast channels.
Mobility leads to frequent path breaks and topology changes, resulting in bandwidth being limited and control overhead increasing due to topology adjustments.
Wireless links have time-varying characteristics causing data control packet collisions; hidden terminal problem can be mitigated using RTS-CTS messages.
The exposed terminal problem is described with an example; simultaneous transmissions can interfere due to radio spectrum limitations.
Discusses various resource constraints including battery life, processing power, and size constraints that impact wireless routing protocols.
Defines the ideal characteristics for effective routing protocols, emphasizing adaptability, minimal resource use, and support for Quality of Service.
The presentation concludes with an invitation for questions, signaling the end of the discussion on wireless routing protocol issues.
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Issues in routing protocol
- 1. Issues in Designing AdhocWireless routing Protocols T S Pradeep kumar h"p://www.nsnam.com
- 2. Issues in routing Mobility Bandwidthconstraint Error prone shared broadcast radio channel hidden and exposed terminal problems Resource Constraints
- 3. Mobility highly dynamic frequent pathbreaks frequent topology changes
- 4. Bandwidth constraints Radio bandis limited, hence the data rates are smaller when compared with the wired network so bandwidth has to be used carefully to avoid overheads topology changes incur more control overhead in turn consumes more bandwidth
- 5. shared broadcast radio channel wirelesslinks have time varying characteristics the routing protocols interacts with the MAC layer for finding the routes or alternate routes so collision of data and control packets
- 6. Hidden terminal problem AssumingB is the intermediate node between A and C. A and C are sending data to B. A is hidden to C and C is hidden to A. But both are visible to B. Since A and C are hidden terminals, the packets sent by both the nodes at the same time causes collision at node B. This can be avoided by using RTS-CTS messages and also using RTS- CTS- Data- ACK.
- 7. Exposed Terminal Problem Node arrangementis A<-->B<-->C<-->D B is sending to A and at the same time C wants to send to D, but it cannot, because of inability of use of radio spectrum. when B-> A and C->D to happen simultaneously, then the transmitting frequency of C to be different from the receiving frequency.
- 8. Resource Constraints Battery life processingpower size and weight constraints
- 9. Ideal characteristics of routingprotocol Fully distributed (it is more fault tolerant than centralized) adaptive to frequent topology changes route computation and maintenance must involve minimum number of nodes localized, loop free and free from stale routes number of broadcasts to be limited to avoid packet collisions must converge to optimal route in case of path break or path failure
- 10. Ideal characteristics of routingprotocol Scarce use of battery, bandwidth, computing power, memory, etc. store information locally within the nodes (to store only the stable local route, rather than the remote unstable route) Should support some Quality of service and also to support time sensitive traffic
- 11.