Introduction to OOP_Python_Lecture1.pptx

Object-Oriented Programming
(OOP) in Python
Lecture Series: Classes, Objects,
Inheritance, and Polymorphism

Introduction to OOP
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a
paradigm based on the concept of objects.
• Key Features:
• ✔ Encapsulation
• ✔ Inheritance
• ✔ Polymorphism
• ✔ Abstraction

Why Use OOP?
• • Helps in structuring complex programs
efficiently.
• • Encourages reusability through inheritance.
• • Provides better data security with
encapsulation.
• • Supports polymorphism for flexible
programming.

Classes and Objects
• ✔ A **class** is a blueprint for creating objects.
• ✔ An **object** is an instance of a class.
• Example:
• ```python
• class Car:
• def __init__(self, brand, model):
• self.brand = brand
• self.model = model
• car1 = Car('Toyota', 'Camry')
• print(car1.brand) # Output: Toyota
• ```

Encapsulation
• ✔ **Encapsulation** protects data by restricting access.
• ✔ **Private variables** prevent direct modification.
• Example:
• ```python
• class BankAccount:
• def __init__(self, balance):
• self.__balance = balance # Private variable
• def deposit(self, amount):
• self.__balance += amount
• def get_balance(self):
• return self.__balance
• ```

Inheritance
• ✔ Inheritance allows a class to use properties of another
class.
• ✔ Helps in code reusability.
• Example:
• ```python
• class Animal:
• def speak(self):
• print('Animal speaks')
• class Dog(Animal):
• def speak(self):
• print('Dog barks')
• d = Dog()
• d.speak() # Output: Dog barks
• ```

Polymorphism
• ✔ **Polymorphism** allows different classes to use the same
method in different ways.
• Example:
• ```python
• class Bird:
• def fly(self):
• print('Some birds can fly')
• class Sparrow(Bird):
• def fly(self):
• print('Sparrow can fly')
• obj = Sparrow()
• obj.fly() # Output: Sparrow can fly
• ```

Creating Classes and Objects
• ✔ **Instance Variables vs Class Variables**
• ✔ **Constructor (`__init__` method)**
• Example:
• ```python
• class Student:
• college = 'XYZ University' # Class variable
• def __init__(self, name):
• self.name = name # Instance variable
• s1 = Student('Rahul')
• print(s1.college) # Output: XYZ University
• ```

Single Inheritance
• ✔ A child class inherits properties from a single parent class.
• Example:
• ```python
• class Parent:
• def func1(self):
• print('Parent function')
• class Child(Parent):
• print('Child function')
• obj = Child()
• obj.func1() # Output: Parent function
• ```

Multiple Inheritance
• ✔ A class can inherit from more than one parent class.
• Example:
• ```python
• class Father:
• def skill(self):
• print('Father is good at driving')
• class Mother:
• def skill(self):
• print('Mother is good at cooking')
• class Child(Father, Mother):
• pass
• c = Child()
• c.skill() # Output: Father is good at driving (Method Resolution Order applies)
• ```

Multilevel Inheritance
• ✔ Grandparent → Parent → Child.
• Example:
• ```python
• class Grandparent:
• print('Grandparent function')
• class Parent(Grandparent):
• print('Parent function')
• class Child(Parent):
• print('Child function')
• obj = Child()
• obj.func1() # Output: Grandparent function
• ```

Conclusion & Summary
• ✔ OOP makes programming **modular,
reusable, and organized**.
• ✔ Key concepts: **Encapsulation, Inheritance,
Polymorphism**.
• ✔ Different types of **inheritance** for
different scenarios.
• ✔ Practice writing Python OOP code!

Introduction to OOP_Python_Lecture1.pptx

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