Downloaded 35 times
More Related Content
Similar to Introduction to Itihasa
Introduction to Itihasa
- 1. Introduction to Itihasa Dr. SachinS. Bagali MD (Ayu) Assistant Professor Department of Samhita & Siddantha BLDEA’s AVS AMV Vijayapur
- 2. Content ITIHASA • Nirukti • ToolsFor Framing History Of Ayurveda Vedas Vedangas Puranas Smritis Buddhist Literature • Kala Vibhaga
- 3. Itihasa Nirukti: Itihasa = Iti+ Ha + Aas Iti Thus Ha Positively Aas Existed Itihasa Took place or happened
- 4. • It tellsabout details of past & real incidents only but not of future. It includes events of present also. • Ayurveda Itihasa History Of Ayurveda • Exactly nobody knows when the life existed in universe • There are different opinion regarding existing some opinion before 1lakh year BC
- 5. Tools For FramingHistory Of Ayurveda Evidences to traces historical events chronogically through Vedic Literature, Historical Works, Travelers Account (Records), Tools Pertaining to Antiquity • Vedic Literature: Vedas Samhitas Brahmanas Aranyakas Upanishads Puranas Smritis etc… • Historical Works: Different Publication & Documentary evidences of history of Ayurveda
- 6. • Travelers Account(Records): China & Greek travelers who visited India reported about ancient Ayurveda in their records & it helpful for knowing history of Ayurveda up-to some extents • The Implements Or Tools Pertaining to Antiquity are Old Records Coins Edicts (Laws) Excavations (Mines)
- 7. Vedas (Knowledge) • Theancient Indian literature mainly consist of ritual works • Vedas are the oldest records of mankind. They are 4 in no they are Rigveda Yajurveda Samaveda Atharveda • By studying Vedas we can understand socio-economics, political, spiritual condition, and status of health science also.
- 8. Each Vedas againdivide into 4 parts Sacred texts Commentaries Forest books Sit Down Near Samhitas Brahamanas Aranyakas Upanishads Karma Khanda (Pertaining to rituals) Ghana Khanda (deals with supreme knowledge) Some opine Ayurveda is 5th Veda because Ayurveda is essence of all vedas
- 9. • Samhita Compilation of Vedic mantras • Brahmanas Interpretation of Vedic mantras (Aitareya, Satapatha) • Aranyakas It occupies middle place between Brahmanas & Upanishad. Brihadaranyakas is most popular one in which basic principle of Ayurveda especially Atma, Paramatma etc • Upanishads These are the precise portions of Vedas, deals with the spiritual knowledge (Taittareya, Chandogyopanishad)
- 10. Vedas Upaveda Dhanur veda (Archery) Gandharvaveda (Music) Stapathya veda (Architecture) Ayurveda (science of life) Rug veda Yajur veda Sama veda Atharva veda
- 11. Sutras (Aphorisms): 4 types Shrauta Sutra Related to sacrificial rituals Grihya Sutra Related to duties of house holders Eg: Shodasa Samskara Dharma Sutra Related to laws of conduct for the regulations of society Shulba Sutra Gives rules & measurement for preparation of place of sacrifices
- 12. Vedangas: 6 Six limbsof Vedas Vedangas they are Siksha, Vyakarna, Chandas, Nirukti, Kalpa, Jyotisha 1) Siksha (Orthography): Pronounciation of Swara, Varna of vedas. The works on Siksha are known as Pratishakhya. Eg: Panineeya Siksha, Yajnavalkya Siksha 2) Vyakarna (Grammer): It keeps the Vedic literature intact for getting correct meaning Eg: Asthadhayi of Panini. 3) Chandas (Prosody): knowledge of Chandas is required to recite Veda mantras correctly and charmingly
- 13. 4) Nirukti (Ethymology): Nigantuof Vedic words 5) Kalpa (Rules Of Rituals): also known as kalpasutras 4 in no, Shrauta Sutra Grihya Sutra Dharma Sutra Shulba Sutra 6) Jyotisha (Astrology): Useful to determine Nakshatra, Tithi, Vara for conducting sacrifices These 6 will helps to study & understand Vedas & also useful for practical utilization of essence of knowledge obtained from Vedas
- 14. Puranas: • The popularizationof Vedic religion & Hindu philosophy were accelerated through the publication of Puranas. • 18 in no. • Account of royal dynasties of Hindustan in the Puranas such as Purus, Ikshwakus & Magadha kings. • Historical events in development of Ayurveda can be traced by studying these Puranas.
- 15. Smritis: • These arethe law books for well maintenance of society Eg: Manusmriti Naradasmriti Vishnusmriti Yajnavalkyasmriti etc • They dealt with rules of inheritance & laws of marriage & also every aspect of individual life.
- 16. Buddhist Literature: • Ithelps to know the details of Indian history. • Tripitaka, Dharma Path, Buddha Charitra, Chulla Vagga etc are important works of Buddhist literature. • With the help of these works one can understand the political, socio economical & ritual status of India during the period of Lord Buddha. • Knowledge pertaining to medical science. In some work we find detail of osteology which has not found in even CS & SS.
- 18. I) Pre-historic period(Stone Age civilization) • Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age civilization) 2 million years to 13000 years BC • Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age civilization) 13000 to 10000 years BC • Neolithic Age (New Stone Age civilization) 10000 to 6000 years BC II) Pre-Vedic period 6000 to 5000 years BC III) Vedic period 5000 years BC IV) Post-Vedic period 5000 years BC to till date 1ST TYPE
- 19. I) Pre-historic Period(Stone Age Civilization) • Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age civilization) 2 million years to 13000 years BC. In this period the man was wandering hunter, he used to hunt animals with stones and eat raw flesh. He did not know about shelter and wearing of clothes, he used to live burrows and cover his body with leather or bark of trees • Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age civilization) 13000 – 10000 years BC. In this period man developed up to some extent. He used to hunt animals with sharp stones, he started to cover the body with leaves and bark of trees, he learned to produce fire and developed the art of cooking
- 20. • Neolithic Age(New Stone Age civilization) 10000 – 6000 years BC. In this period man started to prepare the instruments to hunt animals like stone, wood, ivory then afterwards with the bronze & copper. He used to wear clothes made up of leather, leaves, bark etc. He invented fire learned cooking, realized the importance of living with mutual cooperation, developed the skill of agriculture.
- 21. II) Pre-Vedic period 6000 to 5000 years BC It is the period existing between new Stone Age Civilization and Vedic period. It might be the period of Aryan civilization. III) Vedic period 5000 years BC IV) Post-Vedic period 5000 years BC to till date
- 22. Veda Kala 5000– 2700 years BC Samhita Kala 2700 years BC to 600 years AD (Original period of classical texts of CS, SS, Vag etc) Sangraha Kala 600 AD – 1600 years AD (Also known as Vyakhyana Yuga, Commentaries on classical texts) Adhunika Kala 1600 – till date (Also known as Samanvaya Yuga) 2nd TYPE
- 23. Pracheena kala (Ancientperiod up-to 7th C. AD) Madhyama kala (Medieval period 8th – 15th C. AD) Adhunika kala (Modern period 16th century onwards) 3rd TYPE