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Introduction to Basic Geometry
- 1. Presented by: DionelynMerquita Cruz Introduction GEOMETRY:
- 2. Geometry Branch of mathematics concernedwith the properties and relationships of points, lines, angles, curves, surfaces, and solids The visual study of shapes, sizes, patterns, and positions
- 3.
- 4. An exact locationin space Has no dimension Point Read as "point A" Examples: tip of a pencil dot on a map
- 5. A collection ofpoints along a straight path that extends continuously in both directions Has no beginning or end Illustrated by drawing arrows at each end Line Read as "line AB" Example: horizon
- 6. Lines in thesame plane that do not intersect or cross each other Always the same distance apart Parallel Lines Examples: railway tracks piano or keyboard keys
- 7. Two or morelines that meet or cross each other at a point Intersecting Lines Example: bicycle spokes intersecting roads
- 8. Intersecting lines thatform a right angle (90 degrees) Perpendicular Lines Examples: grout lines between tiles the cross
- 9. A part ofa line having two endpoints Called as "sides" when found in a shape Line Segment Read as "line segment AB" Examples: ruler pencil stick
- 10. A part ofa line having only one endpoint Has a beginning point but no endpoint Ray Read as "ray AB" Examples: beam of light from a light source rays of the sun
- 11. Made up oftwo rays (called the "sides") with a same or common endpoint (called the "vertex") Measured using a protractor Angle Read as "angle ABC" or "angle B" Examples: or
- 12. Kinds of Angles Acuteangles Right angles Obtuse angles Straight angles Reflex angles Full rotation (complete angle)
- 13. Acute Angle Measures lessthan 90 0
- 14.
- 15. Obtuse Angle Measures greaterthan 90 0
- 16.
- 17. Reflex Angle Measures greaterthan 180 0
- 18.
- 19. Complementary Angles Angles thatadd up to 900
- 20. Supplementary Angles Angles thatadd up to 180 0
- 21. A flat surfacethat extends indefinitely in all directions Plane Read as "plane JKL" or "plane KLJ" or "plane LJK" Can be read as: "plane MNOP" or "plane PONM" or "plane "MPON" (etc.) Example: surface of a table
- 22. Two-dimensional (2D) shape Anyset of points on a plane Includes polygons and any flat shape (circles, triangles, quadrilaterals, parallelograms) PLANE FIGURE
- 23. a closed curvewith a set of points in one plane and the same distance from a center point perimeter: circumference (C) Circle
- 24. a flat, two-dimensional(2D) shape with straight sides that is fully closed (all the sides are joined up). The sides must be straight. Polygon Note: A circle is not a polygon.
- 25. Has 3 sidesand 3 angles The sum of the inside angles equals 180 Triangle 0
- 26. Has 4 sidesand 4 angles Quadrilateral
- 27.
- 28. Three-dimensional (3D) shape Has depthand takes up space SOLID FIGURE
- 29. Face: the flatsurface (side) of the figure Edge: where two faces meet Vertex or Vertices: corners Base: the face on which the figure rests SOLID FIGURE
- 30. Has no faces,edges, or vertices Completely round Sphere
- 31. Has one face,but no edges or vertices Face is in the shape of a circle Cone
- 32. has two circularfaces but also no edges or vertices Cylinder
- 33. has one baseand at least three triangular faces Has edges where faces meet each other or the base, vertices where two faces meet the base, and a vertex at the top where all of the triangular faces meet Is named by the shape of its base. Pyramid
- 34. Have a rectangle-shapedor square- shaped base Both have four triangular faces, five faces in all Rectangular and Square Pyramids
- 35. Has two congruentparallel faces and any number of sides Can have any number of faces, but at least two of them must be parallel The shape of the two parallel faces can be a triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon, or any other kind of polygon Are named by the shape of their bases. Prism
- 36. A prism whereall the faces are square Cube