Human Computer Interaction: Trends and Challenges

Human Computer Interaction: Trends and Challenges

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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1690 Human Computer Interaction: Trends and Challenges Avantika Tiwari 1Student,Dept. Of Information Technology, Vidyalankar Institute Of Technology, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Overview HCI (Human-Computer Interaction)isthestudyofhowhumans interactwithcomputersandhowcomputers respond or are not designed to interact successfully with humans. This research paper provides an overview of the topic of HCI. H. Definitions of various organizations and terms, an overview of existing technologies and recent advances in this field, how the sphere interacts with various other areas of the sphere such as engineering, cognitive and behavioral psychology, and anthropology Human computer interaction, including what to do. , sociology, ergonomics, industrialdesignandmore. Simplicity and value are the main principles by which this paper is structured and the intention of this paper is to provide an overviewofHCI and applications or devices, trends and challenges in the HCI space. Key Words: Human-computer interaction, functionality, usability, technology,anthropology,sociology,ergonomics, healthcare, intelligent business, education, learning, consistency 1. INTRODUCTION Due to the interdisciplinary nature of Human Computer Interaction (HCI), there`s currently definite upon definition of the range of topics which form the realm of human-computer interaction. However according to theforemostfamousdefinitionof “Human Computer Interaction” ,A “Human-computer interaction may be a discipline concerned with the look, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for people use and withthestudyofseriousphenomena surroundingthem.” Established early so it absolutely was incline within the direction of “usability” of the interface systems that concentrates at nonfunctional obligations, extending as of this usability towards maintainability, mature it had been equilibrium through “functionality” of the system with the authentic symmetry found the minute an equilibrium regarding these dual features - functionality and usefulness of the system is at hand and is fundamentally investigated on HCI design that embraces user endeavor then must be apparently sensed and verified . Nowadays, computers have a significant role in education and healthcare industries. The digital devices like notebook, tablet, PCs and handheld portable devices like smartphones,watches became almost usual and trending equipment. The usage of electronic devices within the field of healthcare and education environment is remarkable, because it offers attractive, realistic and amazing facility. At the same time, the use of digital devices in the classroom aims to expand the educational environment for all students. We also found that the use of digital devices in the classroom was highly effective in improving student and teacher motivation,course-supportedcomprehension, and overall academic performance. This essay explores the category or level of interaction design for new computing technologies used by humans. These technologiesarecharacterized bya differentphysical appearancethantraditional desktop computers, and therefore a different context of use. These technologies include, for example, wearable computers such as the Apple Watch, B. health monitors, immersive virtual spaces, and ubiquitous computerized environments. These are typically considered breakthrough technologies. Modern technology often means interacting differently thanthenormal operationofa computer. 2. LITERATURE SURVEY Review Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a student who studies human-computer interaction with the aim of creating systems and their interfaces that are fun to empathize, characterize, control, participate in winning, and are user-friendly. is. This can be thought of as two powerful information processing devices (a human and a computer)tryingtocommunicatewith each other over a narrowband and very limited interface. Video games (AR) are being explored along with new technologies that support learning in engineering, medicine, and education. The appearance and development of the cyber-human framework, supported by human-computer interaction (HCI) principles, applies to two domains. The first explored heruseof VR in teaching science and technology concepts to studentswithautism,andthesecond,intrainingfirstrespondersinvolved in the COVID-19 pandemic. Focused. The Human Computer Interaction (HCI) program will play a number one role within the creation of tomorrow`s exciting new computer program software and technology, by supporting the broad range of fundamental research which will ultimately change the human-computer interaction experience therefore the computerisn't any longer a distracting focus of attention but rather an invisible tool that empowers the individual user and smooth the natural and productive human-human collaboration. the expansion in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) field has not only been in quality of interaction, it's also experienced various branching in its past. Rather of designing regular interfaces, the
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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1691 various research branches have had contrasting concentrate on the concepts of multimodality instead of unimodality, intelligent adaptive interfaces instead of command/action basedones,andatlastactiveratherthanpassiveinterfaces.the most important concepts in HCI are functionality and usefulness. Services provided normally by a system are called functions. Usability is the ease, accuracy, and clarity with which users use the system's features. HCI essentially deals with the planning, evaluation, adoption, and use of data technology, with the typical goal of improvinguserperformanceandknowledge.Human- computer interactions develop or enhance specific goals in device design. The five key goals are safety, usability, efficacy, efficiency, and value. Advances in technology, computing, and language communicationprocessinghaveledtothe discoveryof agent-based technology. This suggests that it has important implications for the focus of HCI, intelligent private agents being one of the rapidly evolving technologies. 3. HCI WITH OTHER AREAS HCI currently covers psychology, ergonomics, sociology, socio-culture, philosophy, economics, law, mathematics, ecology, biology, design, media, communication sciences, cognitive sciences, information sciences, natural sciences,technical research, etc. , is taught in some information technology subjects. - Web Engineering, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Pervasive Computing, Ubiquitous Computing, Ambient Intelligence, Geography, Management Information Systems and Industry, Manufacturing, Systems Engineering, and more. HCI's explorations and processes captivate and blend all these prospects. HCI is the social identity of society. HCI and Computer Science: HCI's Computer Science division explores and develops abstractions, techniques,languages,and tools to address this problem. A key concept in user interface software is the decomposition of interactive system design into different levels. H. Divide into conceptual, semantic, syntactic and lexical levels and develop a design for each level. HCI with cognitive and behavioral psychology : Cognitive Psychology is one of themajors`contributortoHuman-Computer Interaction (HCI) research by providingandapplyingpsychological principlestounderstandandhelpadvancesthe modelsthat explain and predict human performance. HCI with anthropology: It is, highlighted how user research in HCI sharesmoresimilaritieswithethno methodology —which aims at analyzing social structures from everyday methods and practices — preferable than with that kind of analytic ethnography found in social sciences, which is always interpretative besides observational. HCI with sociology : HCI precisely in social media search Sociology demystify the technical. From digital data gathering methodologies, usability as a planned force directing our digital interactions and cautionary tales of controversy, HCI has a body of relevant work and expertise to offer on the full range of `the digital`. HCI with ergonomics : Ergonomics and HCI are related to each other because ergonomicsistheworkingenvironmentthe end user is operating within and HCI is the interaction the end user actually has with the computer system. The computer is the only physical interface between the end user and the information, which they are typed into the computer system. 4. APPLICATIONS OF HCI EverydayLife: Today, technology permeatesall areas of our lives. Computers impact our lives even though wedon'townthem or use them directly. ATMs, ticket machines, and hot drinkvending machinesarejustafewexamplesofcomputerinterfacesyou can use every day, even if you don't have a computer. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is key to creating these systems and interfaces. Whether you're designing an ATM or a desktopcomputer interface, you should review HCI principlestoensureyour interface is safe and convenient. , reliable. and efficient. Healthcare: Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) plays a key role in the design of decision-oriented software in healthcare. CDSSs, electronic health records (EHRs), medical imaging systems, and other computer-based collaboration tools, such as telemedicine and home care applications, are routinelyusedbyphysicians.Dataintegrationandanalysisfromwearabledevices, remote monitoring, and digital his counseling are only available during the clinic visits he follows. These clinics are sparse and require intermittent data collection and interpretation. can be processed. In addition, shared decision-making schemes allow patients to be directly involved in clinical decision-making, enabling patient-centered care. People with Disabilities: Aneye-tracking system designed to assist people with disabilities, where eye tracking plays alarge role in command-and-action scenarios. Pointer movement, blinking, clicking. Lip reading or lip tracking is known to be a
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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1692 powerful tool forcorrectingspeechrecognitionerrors.Agaze recognitionpointingsystemthatenablesdisabledpeopletowork on their PC by interacting with the machine via voice and head gestures. Education: The use of electronic devices in education is important as it provides an engaging, more realistic and interesting environment. At the same time, the use of digital devices in the classroom should improve the learning environment for all students. It was also clear that the use of digital devices in the classroom is beneficial forimprovingstudentengagement,ability to apply courses based on understanding, and overall academic performance. Industry and Business: HCIis known for companies that rely on technology and computers fortheirday to-dayoperations.A well-designed, easy-to-use system reduces distractions, makes employees happier and more productive. HCI is essential, especially when designing safety-critical systems such as those found in power plants and air traffic control centers. In these cases, design errors can have fatal consequences, including the death of many people. 5.TRENDS The recent expansion in technology have made significant positiveimpactsonthehuman-computerinteraction(HCI).Itisnow possible to interact with computers using voice commands, touch screen, eye movement, hand gesture, etc. 1.Speech recognition: Applications: Amazon’s Alexa , Apple’s Siri , Google’s Google Assistant ,Microsoft’s Crotona Speech recognition technology and the use of digital assistants have moved rapidly from our mobile phones to our homes, and its application in industries such as business, banking, marketing, and healthcare is significantly becoming apparent. 2.Gesture recognition: Applications:Smartphone’sand TabletsfreeusersfromkeypadsandMicrosoft’sKinectgamingsystem mice A hand gesture recognition system provide a natural, creative and modern way of non verbal communication. It has a extended area of application in human computer interaction and sign language. Common application areasareSign Language, Clinical health, robotic control ,gaming, virtual environment, home automation. 3.Gaming platforms and devices: The major HCI devices which are used today are the gaming console controllers for example, the PS4, Xbox One and Wii U, in addition the Mouse and Keyboard used for the computer. New technology is created for example the Kinect, or PlayStation Move, they cannot fully superposition a controller,astheywerecreatedafter therelease of a console, instead of with it. 4.New Interface Technologies: Such as multi-touch, gesture/movement built on top of the base gesture/movement recognition, speech recognition, and eye / face tracking platform Challenges . 5.Emotion Detection: Facial expression is an big part of non-verbal communication and one common means of human communication. Expression recognition, as one of the crucial development directions of human computer interaction, can improve the fluency, accuracy and lightheartedness of interaction. 6.Virtual Assistants: From the HCI point of view, virtual assistants are the most engaging group of Internet agents. Virtual assistants usually serve as virtual representatives and online assistants, learning of users’ habits, needs and proclivity, and responding individually to behavior of those users. Assistant’s customization bestow to higher rates of return visits and sizeable customer loyalty as well as good perception of a company reputation. Examples: Site Pals invented and produced by Odd cast, German site’s SAP’s manager JochenKellerrecruitspotential workers byhelp ofhisvirtual assistant,GermanMinistry of Education employed Wolfgang Schumacher which teaches graduates how to make a business plan and found their own enterprises. He explains the rules of market analysis and the firm management etc 7.Agumented reality: Area of application: Architecture, sports, camera, military, medical, mobile applications. Augmented Reality is a technique that allows users to overrun digital information with their physical world. The Augmented Reality (AR) displays have an extraordinary characteristic from the Human– Computer Interaction (HCI) perspective. Due to its rising popularity and application in diverse domains, increasing user-friendliness and AR usage are condemning. Context-aware is one approach since an AR application can adapt to the user, environment, needs and boost ergonomic principles and functionality. 6.CHALLENGES With all the latest trends, HCI faces several challenges,especiallyfroma personal,organizational, administrative,psychological, social, or cultural perspective.
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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1693 1. Learnability: One of the usability criteria is learn ability. Learning abilityoccursinrelationtosoftwareor electronicdevices that bridge human-machine interaction. The most common applications are those that follow the conventionsofothersimilar programs. Streamline learning by creating a simple user interfacedesign withpredictablelayoutandnavigation.Agoodwayto improve learning ability is to examine the user's guesses before using the application. 2.Generalizability and Consistency: Extending knowledge of a particular interaction to new situations helps It helps bring some consistency to the proposed system model. The Consistency Principle supports users by allowing them to transfer knowledge from one application to another. The application should be consistent with the current version of the product, its use of metaphors, and user expectations. The latter has individual differences and is the type that requires the most consistency. 3.Perceived Consistency: The concept of perceived stability is closely related to the principle of consistency. For example, it gives users a visual sense of stability even when certain actions are not available. They are not removed from the appearance, just grayed out. 4.Designing Learning Healthcare Systems: A Key Moment forHCIResearchersandDesignersisConnecting PatientsSeeking Health, Clinicians Delivering Care, and Providers Looking to Reduce Costs While Improving Quality ofCare That'sit.Helpform a large healthcare system. Macro-HCI mindsets and big data analytics tools can provide insights at all levels thatcanbeshared with relevant stakeholders, but driving meaningful change in such large-scale systems remains a challenge. . Bottom-up strategies foster patient and physician engagement, but top-down governance is required to set policy, deal with bad actors, and drive continuous improvement. 5. Accelerating Analytical Clarity: The big data movement is generating massiveamountsofheterogeneousdata.Itsanalysis leads to a better understanding of the invisible processes in business, community growth/decline, learning and public health. This better understanding, enhanced by well integrated visual interfaces and statistical techniques, can lead to safer and bolder decisions that improve the well-being of individuals, communities and the planet. 6. A safe cyberspace: Criminal activity and data breaches threaten to reduce engagement,participation,political involvement and tool use in all types of transactions. Designed with usable privacy and security in mind, it maintains benefits, minimizes intrusions, and meets security expectations. 7.Error reporting and Recoverability: The user should be able to understood which user actions have led to the present state, and what the system did to reach there. We need to find out if they there are somehow invisible states that result to the current state. Unless the user can learn to remember any possible path leading up to an identifiable state, the publishing of possible paths appears unnecessary. Support for undoing errors should be given fortheofusertotakedisciplinary actiononce an error has been recognized. 7. CONCLUSION This white paper provides an overview of the topic HCI. H. Human-Computer Interaction. Contains various definitions and terms. Also, how various otherdisciplinessuchascomputerscience,cognitive behavioral psychology,anthropology,sociology, and ergonomics are related to his HCI and how they interact with his HCI It also explains how to create more effective applications for future generations. In addition,PaperhasdemonstratedvariousapplicationsofhisHCIinvariousfieldssuchas daily life, healthcare, disability, education, industry and business, as well as his HCI such as voice, gesture recognition, game platform, emotion, etc. We also offer new trends. Perception, Augmented Reality, etc., and the challenges faced by his HCI especially when viewed from a personal, organizational, administrative, psychological, social or cultural perspective. REFERENCES [1] Fakhreddine Karray, Milad Alemzadeh, Jamil Abou Saleh and Mo Nours Arab “Human-ComputerInteraction: Overviewon State of the Art” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL. 1, NO. 1, MARCH 2008 [2] Apoorva Biseria1 , Anunay Rao, “Human Computer Interface-Augmented Reality” International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing,Vol 6,Issue No.8, August 2016
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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1694 [3] J. Cecil, Sam KauffmanAaron Cecil-Xavier,AvinashGupta,VernMcKinneyMarySweet-Darter,“ExploringHuman-Computer Interaction (HCI) criteria in the design and assessment of Next Generation VRbased educationandtraining environment”, 2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW) [4] Brad A. Myers. "A Brief History of Human Computer Interaction Technology." ACM interactions. Vol. 5, no. 2, March,1998. [5] Suman Bala Nande, Rakesh Patel, Vivek Yadav,” STUDY OF HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION (HCI) WITH ITS APPLICATION”, Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management, Nande, 1(6): October, 2014 [6] Venkatesh Sharma, Sasikala Dhamodaran,” Impacts ofDifferentlyAbledHumanComputerInteractionsandtheirQualityof Life”,International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-8, Issue-3S, February 2019 [7] Alex Roney Mathew ; Aayad Al Hajj ; Ahmed Al Abri,” Human-Computer Interaction (HCI): An overview”, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Automation Engineering [8] Dr. Rohit Kumar, Vinay Jaiswal, Vishwanath Nishad ,“Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Volume 9, Issue 5,2021 [9] Karolina KULIGOWSKA Mirosława LASEK,” Intelligent Agents in the Human-Computer Interaction”, Warsaw University Faculty of Economic Sciences Chair of Computer Sciences and Business Analysis Długa 44/50, 00-241 Warsaw, Poland [10] Christine E. Wania, Michael E. Atwood, Katherine W. McCain,” Mapping the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)”, College of Information Science and Technology Drexel University 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 [11] Aitham Suhas,” Introduction to Human Computer Interaction”, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Volume 10 Issue 9, September 2021 [12] Okoro U. Raymond , Ogbonna A.C, Kuyoro Shade,” Human Computer Interaction: Overview and Challenges” Computer Science Department, Babcock University ,Ilisan-Remo Ogun, Nigeria [13] Anderson, R. J. Representations and Requirements: “The Value of Ethnography in System Design. Human Computer Interaction” Vol. 9 (1994), 151–182.