Dc Motor Speed Controller based on Pwm technique

Dc Motor Speed Controller based on Pwm technique

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  “SPEED CONTROL OF DCMOTOR T i t l e o f p r o j e c T
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  Objective of SpeedControl: *Regulate the rotational speed to meet varying operational needs. *Ensure optimal operation under different loads and conditions. *Improve system efficiency and performance. Why Speed Control is Crucial: *Efficiency: Optimize energy consumption by matching motor speed to load requirements. *Precision: Enable fine control for applications requiring accurate speed settings. *Adaptability: Adjust motor speed to suit various tasks and conditions
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  O V ERV I E W O F P RO J E C T To design and implement a speed control system for a DC motor using a 555 timer IC to generate Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals, RC networks to define PWM characteristics, and MOSFETs to control the power supplied to the motor. The goal is to achieve precise and efficient control over the motor's speed in a simple and cost-effective manner. The project successfully demonstrates a practical approach to controlling DC motor speed using a 555 timer IC, RC networks, and MOSFETs. It provides a hands-on experience with PWM control techniques and highlights the integration of various electronic components to achieve efficient motor control.
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  C I RC U I T D I A G R A M
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  C O MP O N E N T S RESISTORS RATING QUANTITY PRICE RESISTOR-1 4.7k-ohm 5 5 RESISTOR-2 10k-ohm 6 5 RESISTOR-3 47k-ohm 1 5 RESISTOR-4 470k-ohm 1 5 RESISTOR-5 6.8k-ohm 2 5 RESISTOR-6 3.9k-ohm 2 5 RESISTOR-7 220k-ohm 2 5 RESISTOR-8 25k-ohm 1 5 RESISTOR-9 1k-ohm 1 5
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  CAPACITORS RATING QUANTITYPRICE C1 10nF 2 Rs.6 C2 100uF 2 Rs.20 C3 100nF 2 Rs.10 C4 4.7uF 1 Rs.10 C5 1uF 1 Rs.10 C6 100nF 2 Rs.10 C7 2.2uF 1 Rs.10 C8 1000nF 1 Rs.10 C9 10uF 1 Rs.10
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  NAME QUANTITY PRICE NE555IC 1 Rs.9 L78091 1 Rs.32 CA3240 2 Rs.198 BC557 2 Rs.20 BC547 2 Rs.20 IRF540 1 Rs.12
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  w o rk i n g •7809 Voltage Regulator •Function: This is a 9V voltage regulator that stabilizes the output voltage at 9V. It ensures that the voltage supplied to the circuit remains constant despite variations in the input voltage or load conditions. This stability is crucial for the proper functioning of sensitive components like the PWM regulator and current protection circuits. •Capacitors •Function: These capacitors provide filtering to smooth out any voltage fluctuations or noise in the power supply. They help to ensure that the regulated 9V output from the 7809 remains stable by filtering out noise and voltage spikes.
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  •NE555 Timer : •Function:The NE555 is used here in astable mode to generate a continuous square wave signal. This square wave is used as the basis for generating the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal. The frequency of the PWM signal is determined by the timing components connected to the NE555. •Timing Network Components •Function: These components set the timing characteristics of the NE555 timer. They determine the frequency and duty cycle of the output waveform. The resistors (R1, R2, R3) and capacitors (C1) control the charging and discharging rates of the timing capacitor, which affects the PWM frequency and pulse width Operational Amplifier Comparator (U3a): •Function: The operational amplifier configured as a comparator compares two input voltages: the quasi-triangular waveform from the NE555 timer and a DC reference voltage (set by a trimmer potentiometer R24 and transistor T4). The comparator's output switches between high and low states depending on which input voltage is higher. This comparison creates a PWM signal where the duty cycle depends on the relationship between the triangular waveform and the reference voltage.
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  Trimmer Potentiometer andTransistor Function: The trimmer potentiometer is used to adjust the reference voltage applied to the non-inverting input of the comparator. The transistor helps to stabilize or set this reference voltage. By adjusting, you can change the duty cycle of the PWM signal produced by the comparator.
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  H O WI T W O R K S Voltage Regulation: The 7809 voltage regulator ensures a stable 9V supply for the entire circuit. Capacitors C7, C8, and C10 help maintain this stability by filtering out noise. PWM Generation: The NE555 timer generates a continuous square wave. This waveform is shaped by the timing network (R1, R2, R3, D1, D2, C1), which determines the frequency and duty cycle of the PWM signal. The operational amplifier comparator compares the triangular waveform from the NE555 with a DC reference voltage. The output of the comparator is a PWM signal whose duty cycle depends on the reference voltage set by the trimmer potentiometer (R24) and the transistor (T4). Output Control: The PWM signal is used to control the motor or other load in the circuit. The duty cycle of the PWM signal determines the effective voltage and power delivered to the load.
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  P C BL A Y O U T
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  A P PL I C A T I O N S DC Motor Speed Control: •Regulate the speed of DC motors in various devices and systems. •EXAMPLES: • Robotics: Precise control of motor speed for movement and positioning. • Electric Vehicles: Adjusting motor speed to optimize performance and energy usage. Audio Control: •Adjust volume and sound intensity in audio systems. •EXAMPLES: Audio Amplifiers: Control audio output levels. Noise Reduction: Manage the intensity of noise in sound systems.
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  Electric Vehicles (EVs): •Application:DC motors are used in electric cars to drive the wheels. Speed control allows for smooth acceleration and deceleration, which is essential for safe and efficient driving. Drivers can adjust the speed according to traffic conditions and personal preference. Vacuum Cleaners: Application: Many vacuum cleaners use DC motors with speed control to adjust the suction power. This helps in optimizing cleaning efficiency and managing noise levels depending on the cleaning task. Conveyor Systems: •Application: In industrial settings, DC motors control the speed of conveyor belts. This is essential for managing the flow of materials and products through various stages of manufacturing and packaging processes.
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  F U TU R E S C O P E •The future scope of PWM control systems includes advancements in precision, efficiency, and integration with smart technologies. Emphasizing improvements in power efficiency, modular design, and advanced motor control will enhance the versatility and applicability of PWM systems. Additionally, incorporating modern technologies and adhering to safety standards will drive the development of more innovative and reliable PWM-based solutions. •Integration with BLDC Controllers: Implement PWM control for BLDC motors which require sophisticated control strategies. •Efficiency MOSFETs: Adoption of advanced MOSFETs with lower on-resistance to minimize power loss.
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  R E FE R E N C E https://320volt.com/en/12v-24v-10a-pwm-control-dimmer-of-speed-for-dc-motor/
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  THANKYOU MAHI-21001007027 MANNAT-21001007028 MANOJ-21001007029