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DADAISM.pptx
- 1. DADAISM Prepared by: JessaMae P. Peru Joyce Peru
- 2. History of Dadaism •Dadaism was a cultural manifestation which grew in the beginning of the 20th century, more precisely between 1916-1923. • Nihilism engendered by war, and the revolutionary spirit released by cubism (the first revolutionary art movement) were the key factors behind the movement’s growth and appeal • It employed a barrage of demonstrations and manifestos, and exhibitions of absurdist art which were designed to shock both the authorities and the general public.
- 3. • Cabaret Valtairewas founded in Zurich by Richard huelsendick, hugo ball, jean arp, and Tristan t’sara, as an early center of multi-cultural dada events and protest shows. • The “fountain,” a major Dadaist work by marcel Duchamp, was rejected at the exhibition of the society of independent artists, causing an uproar among the Dadaists. • It influenced later modern art movements such as surrealism and pop arts, and led to important innovations in fine art like college and photo-motage.
- 4. What is Dadaism? •Dadaism or dada was a form of artistic anarchy born of hatred for the social, political, and cultural values of the time. It embraced elements of art, music, poetry, theater, dance, and politics. • Dada was not an art style; it was more of a protest movement with an anti-establishment platform. • Based to the common story was that the Australian artist Richard Huelsenbeck plunged a knife at random into a dictionary, where it landed to dada, a colloquial French term for a hobby horse.
- 5. • Between 1817-1920,the dada group attracted many different types of artists, including Raoul Hausman, Hannah Hoch, Johannes Baadar, Francis Picabia, Georg Grosz, Jonh Heartflied, Max Ernst, Marcel Duchamp, Beatrice Wood, Kurt Schwitters, and Hans Ritcher.
- 6. Who Founded Dadaism? •Richard Huelsenbeck, a poet, and painter-musician Hugo Ball selected the word at random from a German-French Dictionary. • “dada” was coined in Zurich in 1916’ • A nonsense word, it means “yes-yes” in Rusian, “there-there” in german (baby talk), and “hobby horse” in French.
- 7. Dadaism philosophy “the ideais more important than the work itself” “art can be made of anything”
- 8. Characteristic of Dadaism Ingeneral, dada sought to undermine all art, viewing it as part of cultural norms and sensibilities that established oppressive aesthetic standards and emphasized the “reason” and “order” that had led to the self-annihilating destruction of world war I. therefore, anything that contracted these chaos, irrationally, impermanence, repu gnance- was fair game for dada’s proponents.
- 9. Factors The post-world warI cultural movement, The political Social and Cultural ideas
- 10. Influential people Hugo BallJean Arp Francis Picabia Tristan Tzara Marcel Duchamp
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- 12. Mediums Pencil Crayons Paper Readymades or foundarts Scissors Glue Prefabricated objects like stuffed animals, prints of old paintings or photographs and ticket stubs, and other artist caught on.
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- 14. Marcel Duchamp, Fountain(1917) • Marcel Duchamp was one of the most prolific artists of Dadaism, producing numerous infamous paintings, collages and sculptures. He is also associated with Cubism, Futurism and early conceptual art. He has had a monumental influence on 20th-century modernist art and specifically sculpture. His work reached maturity after World War I when he began using art as a tool for cultural protest.
- 15. • Fountain isone of the most iconic art pieces of the 20th century, representing a major shift in the function of art in society. While the original 1917 piece does not survive today, Tate created a replica made of earthenware in 1964. It is one of the earliest examples of ‘lowbrow’ or ‘readymade’ sculptures, which are made from found objects. Duchamp submitted the sculpture to the Paris Salon, but it was rejected because it was not considered art.
- 16. Kurt Schwitters, ConstructionFor Noble Ladies (1919) • Kurt Schwitters was a German artist who experimented with several different mediums, including painting, sculpture, graphic design, installation art and poetry. His work was associated with Surrealism, Cubism and Constructivism as well as Dadaism. He was also known for applying the term Merz to his work, a term he made up which was synonymous with Dada as a form of cultural protest.
- 17. • Construction forNoble Ladies is an example of Schwitters’ use of abstraction in collage and sculpture. This assemblage piece also exemplifies the ‘found object’ style of sculpture, as it is constructed of a variety of broken and disjointed materials: a funnel, a metal toy train, broken wheels, and other scrap objects. It also includes a horizontal portrait of a noble lady, from which the piece gets its title. The assembly of the work is rough, and the painting has a rugged finish to it, further adding to its diversion from preceding artistic expectations. However, the entire piece has an elegant asymmetry, showing that even scrap objects can create a masterpiece.
- 18. Raoul Hausmann, TheArt Critic (1919-20) • Raoul Hausmann was a prominent Austrian artist and a leader of the Dada movement in Berlin. Hausmann was also an expressionist artist. After becoming acquainted with the Dadaism movement, he met other artists including John Heartfield and George Grosz. During this time, he focused mostly on poetry and photographic collage, which would have a profound effect on the postwar European avant-garde. His poetry was known for being especially provocative and his artwork very satirical. He was also a lover of fellow Dadaist Hannah Höch.
- 19. • The ArtCritic is Hausmann’s ardent criticism of the superficiality of the art world. The piece is a photo collage made up of a series of magazine and newspaper photographs and includes some drawn elements. The work is considered ‘lowbrow’ as it uses materials and iconography seen in popular culture. It connotes that, much like the construction of a collage, art critics possess a cobbled-together knowledge of vacuous facts and do not truly understand the meaning of art.
- 20. Hannah Höch, Cutwith the Kitchen Knife Dada Through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany (1919-20) • Hannah Höch was a German artist and member of the Dadaism movement. She pioneered the technique of photomontage or photo collage using images from popular media. She was interested in feminism, gender and androgyny in art, and especially in the dissolution of the ‘New Woman’ dichotomy. She also explored the political climate during the Weimar Republic in her work.
- 21. • Cut withthe Kitchen Knife represents the juxtaposition between Dadaism and mainstream culture during the time. Clustered in one part of the photo collage are members of dominant political groups such as the Weimar government and the army. In stark contrast, the other side of the piece features communists, artists and other radicals. Höch also included a small map that displays the countries in Europe that allowed women to vote. The piece demonstrates the rebellion by the Dadaists and other radical groups during a time of strict political and cultural conformity.
- 22. Jean Arp, ShirtFront and Fork (1922) • Jean Arp, also known as Hans Arp, was a German-French painter, sculptor and poet. He was a founding member of the Dadaist movement. After moving to Zürich, he met fellow artists Hugo Ball and Sophie Taeuber, who would become Arp’s wife. The trio then collaborated to create a Dadaist manifesto. Arp’s work was known for the exploration of the unconscious, its elements of satire and the abstraction of organic forms.
- 23. • Shirt Frontand Fork is part of a series of painted wooden relief sculptures that Arp crafted in the 1920s. The work has a monochrome graphic element to it, with soft, organic forms and a simplistic composition. The fork on the right is easily identifiable, while the form on the left represents the front of a shirt, but also resembles a large tooth or a human face. The piece represents Arp’s stylistic shift between periods; the abstract forms from his earlier work collide with his later use of object association to delve into the unconscious mind.
- 24. Francis Picabia, OptophoneI (1922) • Francis Picabia was a French painter and poet who was associated with Impressionism, Cubism and Pointillism and Dadaism. He also experimented with publishing and filmmaking, and his nearly 50-year career can be characterized by an eclectic series of stylistic and media shifts. His most famous works were paintings featuring color blocks, geometric shapes and abstractions, although he was also known for unorthodox material collage.
- 25. • Optophone Iis an example of Picabia’s ‘machinist’ works, which were inspired by early 20th-century industrial equipment and comment on the acceleration of technology during the time. The piece simulates the effects of an optophone, a device that uses sonification to scan texts and images to help the blind identify letters on a page. The center of the painting holds a classical style seated nude woman as if she has been seen through the use of an optophone. The piece thus questions how humanity encounters and interprets art.
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