Chapter_1_Introduction_to_Multimedia.pptx

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA
1

What is Multimedia?
 Derived from the word “Multi” and “Media”
 Multi
• Many, Multiple,
 Media
• Tools that is used to represent or do a certain things, delivery
medium, a form of mass communication – newspaper,
magazine / tv.
• Distribution tool & information presentation – text, graphic,
voice, images, music and etc.
2

What is Multimedia? …
 Multimedia can have many definitions these include:
 Multimedia means that computer information can be represented through
audio, video, and animation in addition to traditional media (i.e., text, graphics
drawings, images).
 Multimedia is the field concerned with the computer controlled integration
of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images (Video), animation, audio,
and any other media where every type of information can be represented,
stored, transmitted and processed digitally .
3
TEXT
AUDIO
GRAPHIC
VIDEO
ANIMATION

What is Multimedia? ….
 Text
 Text is most commonly used to communicate information.
 It has alphanumeric characters, in addition to special
characters.
 It involves the use of text types, sizes, fonts, colors and
background colors.
 Multimedia applications support linked content, through
Hypertext.
 Text in SMS, FAX, Email are examples of this element in
Communication.
 Common file types include: TXT, DOC, DOCX, PDF.
4

Cont’d…
 Audio
 The speech, music and sound effects used in multimedia is digital audio.
 Multimedia applications use audio or the sound element like, website or
presentation
 There are two basic type of audio or sound; analog and digital.
 The original sound signal is termed as Analog audio.
 The digital sampling of the original sound is termed as Digital audio.
 Common file types for Audio include: MP3, WAV, WMA
 Still Image
 Images/Illustrations are the oldest form of media
 There are two types of images – Bitmap and Vector image types
 Bitmap images are real images that can be captured from devices such as cameras.
 Vector graphics are created using software in the computer. (what is computer graphics?) .
 This multimedia element enables to generate, represent, process, manipulate, and display pictures.
 Common file types for Images include: JPG, PNG, TIF, BMP
5

Cont’d…
 Video
 Video presents moving pictures and typically combines images and sound
for a multimedia experience.
 This technology records, synthesizes, and displays images known as
frames in such sequences at a fixed speed that makes the creation appear as
moving; this is how we see a completely developed video.
 Common file types for Video include AVI, WMV, FLV, MOV, MP4
 Animation:
 Animation is the process of making a static image to look as if it is moving.
 Animation refers to any time sequence of visual changes in a computer-
generated image
 It helps in creating, developing, sequencing, and displaying a set of images
technically known as frames.
 Digital animation can be classified as 2D two dimension and 3D Three
dimension animations. 6

Linear VS Non-Linear
 A Multimedia Project is identified as Linear
when:
• It is not interactive
• User have no control over the content that is
being showed to them.
 Example:
 A movie
 A non-interactive lecture / demo show
LINEAR
7

Linear VS Non-Linear
 A Multimedia Project is identified as Non-Linear
when:
• It is interactive
• Users have control over the content that is
being showed to them.
• Users are given navigational control
 Example:
• Games
• Courseware
• Interactive CD
Non-LINEAR
8

What is Hypertext?
 Hypertext is a text which contains links to other texts.
 Hypertext is therefore usually non-linear (as indicated
below).
9

What is Hypermedia?
 HyperMedia is not constrained to be text-based.
 It can include other media, e.g., graphics, images, and especially the
continuous media -- sound and video.
 Example Hypermedia Applications?
 The World Wide Web (WWW) is a clear example of a hypermedia
application.
 Adobe Acrobat (or other PDF software)
 Adobe Flash
10

Basic tools supporting Multimedia
 Basic tools supporting Multimedia development include:
 HTML 5, CSS,Macromedia Flash, Dreamweaver,
 Programming Applications (native playback) :Director,LiveCode
 Artwork Development - Photoshop, Illustrator
 Animation Development (2D and 3D) - After Effects, Maya
 Audio Editing - Sound Forge, Audition
 Video Editing - Final Cut Pro, Premiere Pro
11

Multimedia System
 A Multimedia System is a system capable of processing multimedia
data and applications.
 A Multimedia System is characterized by the processing, storage,
generation, manipulation and rendition of Multimedia information.
 A Multimedia system has four basic characteristics:
 Multimedia systems must be computer controlled.
 Multimedia systems are integrated.
 The information they handle must be represented digitally.
 The interface to the final presentation of media is usually
interactive.
12

Examples of Multimedia Applications
 Digital video editing and production systems
 Electronic Newspapers/Magazines
 Games
 Groupware
 Home shopping
 Interactive TV
 Multimedia courseware
 Video conferencing
 Video-on-demand
 Virtual reality 13

Components of a Multimedia System
 Now let us consider the Components (Hardware and
Software) required for a multimedia system:
 Capture devices -Video Camera, Video Recorder, Audio
Microphone, Keyboards, mice, graphics tablets, 3D input
devices, tactile sensors
 Storage Devices -Hard disks, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROM, etc
 Communication Networks - Local Networks, Intranets,
Internet, Multimedia or other special high speed networks.
 Computer Systems - Multimedia Desktop machines,
Workstations, MPEG/VIDEO
 Display Devices - CD-quality speakers, HDTV,SVGA,
monitors, Colour printers etc.
14

System Implications of Multimedia Systems
 Multimedia imposes new requirements on all parts of the system architecture:
 Representation
 digitization and coding (compressing)
 Storage
 database, larger volumes and new access patterns
 Processing
 OS, scheduling, indexing, searching
 Understanding
 speech/object recognition, content analysis
 Production
 more complex authoring and user interface software
 Presentation
 user perception, user friendly in HCI (Human Computer Interface)
 Protection
 media encryption, copyright, privacy
15

Key Issues for Multimedia Systems
 The key issues multimedia systems need to deal with
here are:
 How to represent and store temporal information.
 How to strictly maintain the temporal relationships on
play back/retrieval
 What process are involved in the above.
 Data has to represented digitally | Analog{Digital
Conversion, Sampling etc.
 Large Data Requirements | bandwidth, storage, Data
compression is usually mandatory
16

Challenges for Multimedia Systems
 Distributed Networks
 Temporal relationship between data
 Render different data at same time | continuously.
 Sequencing within the media: playing frames in correct
order/time frame in video
 Synchronization | inter-media scheduling
E.g. Video and Audio | Lip synchronization is clearly
important for humans to watch playback of video and
audio and even animation and audio.
17

Desirable Features for a Multimedia System
 Given the above challenges the following feature a desirable (if
not a prerequisite) for a Multimedia System:
 Very High Processing Power | needed to deal with large data
processing and real time delivery of media.
 Special hardware commonplace.
 Multimedia Capable File System | needed to deliver real-time
media | e.g. Video/Audio Streaming.
 Special Hardware/Software needed { e.g. RAID technology.
 Data Representations | File Formats that support multimedia
should be easy to handle yet allow for compression or
decompression in real-time.
 Software Tools | user friendly tools needed to handle media,
design and develop applications, deliver media
18

Cont’d…
 Efficient and High I/O : input and output to the file subsystem needs to be efficient
and fast.
 Needs to allow for real-time recording as well as playback of data. e.g. Direct to
Disk recording systems.
 Special Operating System : to allow access to file system and process data efficiently
and quickly.
 Needs to support direct transfers to disk, real-time scheduling, fast interrupt
processing, I/O streaming etc.
 Storage and Memory | large storage units (of the order of hundreds of Tb if not
more) and large memory (several Gb or more).
 Network Support | Client-server systems common as distributed systems common.
19

Producing a Multimedia Project
 Requires
a) creative skill
b) technology tools
c) organizational and business talent
d) knowledge of ownership and copyright rules
20

Requirements
 Multimedia requires:
 large amounts of digital memory and network bandwidth;
 GUI (“gooey”) - a graphical user interface
 CD-ROM or DVD technology for storage
 In the future these may be replaced by "connected” fiber, and
radio/cellular technology
 DVD – Digital Versatile Disc
21

Why Multimedia Important?
 Digital audio/video is revolutionizing music, film, game, and video &
audio industries
 Convergence of computers, telecommunication, radio, and TV
 Caused by technology and competition
 Dramatic changes in products and infrastructure
 New application potential
 Huge potential markets
 Improving our lives (learning, entertainment, and work)
 Interesting technical issues
 Multimedia enhances learning, memory and retention
 audio stimulation - 20% retention rate
 audio/visual - up to 30% retention rate
 interactive multimedia - up to 60% retention rate 22

Chapter_1_Introduction_to_Multimedia.pptx

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