C in 10 Hours learn programming easily.pdf.pdf

Chapter 1 : Basics
1) Basic Printing, n wali cheez.
2) Variables, printing variables, int, float, and +,-,*,/ of integers.
3) Variables naming rules.
4) Comments
5) Taking Input
6) Modulus Operator
7) Float to int, int to float
8) Hierarchy
9) Char and ASCII

Basic program in C
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
printf(“hello world”);
return 0;
}
Cow is
white
VS Code
I
Low has y legs
Cow gives milk
cow is an animal

How to move in next line?
Example :
printf(“Hello PW”);
printf(“Hello CW”);
Output will be :
Hello PWHello CW

Use of escape sequence ‘n’
Example :
printf(“Hello PW”);
printf(“n”);
printf(“Hello CW”);
Output will be :
Hello PW
Hello CW
.

Tode for int
~
↓
format
specifier

Variables and their Declaration
Let us focus on int data type as of now.
1) Variables as containers :
& Output
I ⑤
Y
I
25
-

Printing Variables in C & Updation of Variables
int x = 5;
printf(“%d”,x);
x = 7;
printf(“%d”,x);
x = x + 6;
printf(“%d”,x);
x = x - 20;
printf(“%d”,x);
~ Output
v 10 ·
S
- S x =
x
*
2
·
10
-
~ 110
x =
S*2 ·
110
- I
S
v
·
5
v X ⑧
10
-
x
=
x-10S
W
value
I
v
x =
N 100;
-
d
u
old
x =
110-10 S = S

Arithmetic operations on int data type
int x = 5;
int y = 2;
printf(“%d”,x+y);
printf(“%d”,x-y);
printf(“%d”,x*y);
printf(“%d”,x/y); // issue
5/2 =
2
7
3
10

Increment - Decrement operators
int x = 5;
x/+;
printf(“%d”,x);
x/-;
printf(“%d”,x);
/+x;
printf(“%d”,x);
–-x;
printf(“%d”,x);
-
T
- Output - -
X
~
·
E
·
S
*
6 6
~
-
-
~ Output
~ ·
S
- ·
6
- · 6
X =
$6 -

float data type
float x = 3.1;
int y
=
S;

Arithmetic operations on float data type
float x = 5;
float y = 2;
printf(“%f”,x+y);
printf(“%f”,x-y);
printf(“%f”,x*y);
printf(“%f”,x/y);

Example : Calculating Area of a Circle
float radius = 5;
float pi = 3.1415;
float area = pi*radius*radius;
printf(“%f”,area);
⑳tr

Example : Calculating Simple Interest
float p,r,t,si;
p = 100;
r = 10;
t = 2;
si = (p*r*t)/100;
printf(“%f”,si);

Homework : Calculate Volume of a Sphere

Variable Naming rules
1) Variables can start from an alphabet or underscore _ .
2) Special characters except _ are not allowed.
3) Some particular keywords are not allowed.
4) Commas or blanks are not allowed.
Auto double int break extern enum unsigned while
case sizeof for const static long continue float
else signed do short switch char volatile default
goto struct if union return void register typedef
intx; intraghor; W
~ or $.
~ -
>a$
~
~
auto
=

Variable Naming rules - Examples
Q. Which of the following are invalid variable names and why?
BASICSALARY _basic basic-hra
#MEAN group. 422
population in 2006 over time mindovermatter
FLOAT hELLO queue.
team’svictory Plot#3 2015_DDay

Taking input // Let us take a simple example
int x;
printf(”Enter a numbern”);
scanf(“%d”,&x); // user will give ‘x’ a value.
int y = x*x;
printf(”square of number that you gave is %d”,y);

Taking input // SUM of 2 given numbers
int x;
printf(”Enter first numbern”);
scanf(“%d”,&x); // user will give ‘x’ a value.
int y;
printf(”Enter second numbern”);
scanf(“%d”,&y); // user will give ‘y’ a value.
int sum = x+y;
printf(”sum of the numbers that you gave is %d”,sum);

Modulus Operator
*
+, -
, S
I 00
-
5%2
=
1
↓
arithmetic
49%4 =
1 operators
100%6 =
Y
a%b =
remainder when is divided
by
'b'
1
d
divisor
dividend

Modulus Operator
Miscellaneous:
1)
a%b =
a
(if a <
b]
mee
->
2%7 =
2
2) a%(- b) =
a %b
->
7%(4) =
7%7 =
3
3) I-
a) ob - -
[a%b]
->
(71%4 =
-
(7%4] = -
3
4) (-
a)%(b) =
-
(a%b)

Typecasting
Ques : Take integer ‘x’ as input and print half of
the number.
Ques : Take float ‘x’ as input and check if it is an
integer or not.
>Very Important
-
*
-'If Else' Band me solve pavenge

Hierarchy of operators
int i = 2 * 3 / 4 ;
printf(“%d”,i);
Precedence AS
Brackets) D,
m) Ass
maths Programming
-
-
273/4
=
24
0.75
=
1.5 24
3/4 =
24 0 =
0
2
*
3/4
=
6/4
=
1.5 I
I 24 3/4 =
6/4
=
1
It
same Left to
Right

char data type
char ch = ‘a’;
float, char
↓
int.
f %%a
%d
A
various characters?''9' $'4' ·
ab
I
! 8
"

ASCII values
char ch = ‘a’;
L
↳ int X
=
5;
Lit
ch
Each character has an ASCII value (which is an
integer)

ASCII values
char ch = ‘a’;
yaad Jenni chahiye
a
=
97
'A=
65 10 =
48
I I
"B =
98 'B =
66 ' =49
Sh =
99
C =
67 I
v
1 ↳
↑
1
I
I
I
I
-
1
&
T
↳
13
=90 19 = 57
1
=
122 2
2

MCQ 1
Which of the following is NOT a character constant
(1) ‘Thank You’
(2) ‘Enter values of P, N, R’
(3) ‘23.56E-03’
(4) All the above
-

MCQ 2
In b = 6.6 / a + 2 * n ; which operation will be performed first?
(1) 6.6 / a
(2) a + 2
(3) 2 * n
(4) Depends upon compiler
-
v

MCQ 3
Which of the following statements is false
(1) Each new C instruction has to be written on a separate line
(2) Usually all C statements are entered in small case letters
(3) Blank spaces may be inserted between two words in a C statement
(4) Blank spaces cannot be inserted within a variable name
I
very emp
- FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE

MCQ 4 (Homework)
If a is an integer variable, a = 5 / 2 ; will return a value
(1) 2.5
(2) 3
(3) 2
(4) 0
inta =
5/2:
printf/"%d", a);
~

MCQ 5 (Homework)
The expression, a = 7 / 22 * ( 3.14 + 2 ) * 3 / 5 ; evaluates to
(1) 8.28
(2) 6.28
(3) 3.14
(4) 0
float
as

MCQ 6
The expression x = 4 + 2 % - 8 evaluates to
(1) -6
(2) 6
(3) 4
(4) None of the above
a%-b) =
aYob
a%b =
a(a<b]
x =
y +
2% -
8
~
-> 4t 2%8
-> n +
2
= 6

MCQ 7
What will be the value of d if d is a float after the operation
d = 2 / 7?
(1) 0
(2) 0.2857
(3) Cannot be determined
(4) None of the above
float
d =
217;
-
d =
2.0/7;

↑2
VIS 0
float/float -
float
dr
int/int+
int
⑳ r float/inte float X
a b int/float float
⑳
X

Chapter 2 : Conditionals
1) if, if - else
2) nested
3) Else if ladder
4) Ternary
5) switch

IF - ELSE
intx;
scarf("%d", (n);
↓
if statement

~
- Enter a number: 8
-
-
-
~
~
⑤ I
Positive Number

v
v Enter a number: -
y
-
- Negative Number
W
~
↳ I
X

Ques : Take positive integer input and tell if it
is even or odd ⑩
intx;
Scant (""od",92);
if (even) printf/"even No");
if (odd) printf/"Odd Number");
if (Yor2 ==1) even
-
if (condition) work;
d
time, false

Rational Operators
e
-comparisons
>, , =, =, =
I not
->
equality
operator
!=
=-> assignment operator
x
=
x +
10;
LHS =
RHS 3
LHS =
=
RHS
& L
true, falle

HW : Take positive integer input and tell if it is
divisible by 5 or not.

Ques : Take integer input and print the
absolute value of that integer
mod
X =
Y 1x1 =
141 =
4
x
=
- 1 1x1 =
1 -
71 =
7
if (x =
=
0 e (x) =
x
it(x > =
0)
if (X <
0)

Typecasting
Ques : Take integer ‘x’ as input and print half of
the number.
Ques : Take float ‘x’ as input and check if it is an
integer or not.
>Very Important
-
~
->
If Else'

-
~ Enter a real number: 3.4
~
- Number is not integer
~
~ Tme
v
f
False
X a
I
-
~
↳ - ⑳

Ques : If cost price and selling price of an item is
input through the keyboard, write a program to
determine whether the seller has made profit or
incurred loss or no profit no loss. Also determine
how much profit he made or loss he incurred.
intsp;if (sp-p)
int cp;
Profit
sp-cp

Else statement
i n
a
↳
. used alongside/after ifstatement
·
if your 'if'statement
fails, then else will zn.
↓
2 times check

HW : Given the length and breadth of a rectangle,
write a program to find whether the area of the
rectangle is greater than its perimeter.

Multiple Conditions
Using && and ||
and 02

is a three digit number or not.
if (x > 9900 x <1000)
print->

is divisible by 5 and 3.
d L
it(X%S
=
=
0) if(x%03
=
=
0)
b 6
if (x%3 = =
0 && n%3 =
=
0)
-
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33..
5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 3....

is divisible by 5 or 3.

Ques : Take 3 numbers input and tell if they
can be the sides of a triangle.
a, b, c s sides of D
a +
b > c
b +
c > a
c +
a > b
if (a+b> && btc a && cacb)

Difference blw && and 11 operators
e n e e
if (condition 2 && condition 2) if it is false, then
true tie -> true
comfiler doesn't
even
true false
-
falle - check for the second condition
false
true
~
false
I
false falle -
false
if (condition 11 condition 2)
true tre ->
true
if it is
true, then
time falle -
true
I-> compiler doesn't even
falle time s true
check for the Ch.
false falle -
false

Ques : Take 3 positive integers input and print
the greatest of them.
A
Idistinct)
a, b, c
if(acbo& ax) -
if (bx &&b x
a) -
I only works for distinct
no.
if(caxb) -

the least of them.
HW
=>
(Distinct)

Ques : Any year is input through the keyboard.
Write a program to determine whether the year is a
leap year or not. 4
stu, 1900, 1700
366 days
~ x
X ~
~
2000, 1650
2000, 2023, 1900, 1600, 2040,2020
·
Leap year
occurs after every
4 years (but
·
Any year
divisible by 100 is
not a
leap year (but
·
Any year
divisible by
400 is 100% a
leap year

HW : Take positive integer input and tell if it is
divisible by 5 or 3 but not divisible by 15.

is divisible by 5 and 3.
x
=
3 - Not divisible by 5&3
x
=
3 - Not divisible by 5 and 3
x =
15 - Divisible by 5&3

is divisible by 5 or 3 but not divisible by 15.
x
=
9: Condition valid
x
=
20: condition valid
x
=
45: Condition Invalid
x
=
1: Condition Invalid

A
without
using (multiple conditions)
a, b, c
if (a < b) [
if (ax) - a is greatest
else

HW : If the ages of Ram, Shyam and Ajay are input
through the keyboard, write a program to
determine the youngest of the three.(using nested if else)

Ques : Take input percentage of a student and
print the Grade according to marks:
1) 81-100 Very Good
2) 61-80 Good
3) 41-60 Average
4) <=40 Fail
method-1 (Multile conditions) x =
90
Very Good
x =
45 Average

Ques : Take input percentage of a student and
print the Grade according to marks:
1) 81-100 Very Good
2) 61-80 Good
3) 41-60 Average
4) <=40 Fail
Method-2 Else I5 x
=
90
Very Good
x =
70 Good
X
=
50 Average
x =
20 Fail

HW : Given a point (x, y), write a program to find
out if it lies in the 1st Quadrant, 2nd Quadrant, 3rd
Quadrant, 4th Quadrant, on the x-axis, y-axis or at
the origin, viz. (0, 0). (Else-if)
Y
I I(+,+ 7
(-
x
+
)
X
-
# IV
-
(---) (+, -
3

HW : Given the coordinates (a, b) of a center of a
circle and its radius, write a program which will
determine whether a user entered point lies inside
the circle, on the circle or outside the circle.
a,b, w x, y -
user input
I
given
x
2
+
y2
=
22
(X-a + (y-b)2 =
22 on the circle
(x-a+(y-b)2 >
22 - outside
(x-a)+ly-b)
2
" - inside

A

Ternary Operator
expression 1 ? expression 2 : expression 3
Cool Way to write it-else code
e
;
condition true false

C WAP to check if no is even or odd.
using ternary.
condition?
true:false
HW. WAD to
check if input
year is
leap year.

Switch Statement
-
Replacement
for
it-less'

switch ( integer expression ) {
case constant 1 :
do this ;
case constant 2 :
do this ;
case constant 3 :
do this ;
default :
do this ;
}
Syntax =
e
-char
operator
↑
a op b 5* 3
1 d
operands

HW:WAD
to input
day no. 1
, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
·
d I
man Sun
Tul

Ques : Write a program to create a calculator that
performs basic arithmetic operations (add,
subtract, multiply and divide) using switch case
and functions. The calculator should input two
numbers and an operator from user. (done)

Chapter. 3:'Loops
1) For Look
2) While Loop
3) Do-while loop

For Loop
for(int i = 1; i<10; i++){
// code
}
increment
condition
i
=
i +
1
initialisation ↑
Hello World a 10 baar

Ques : Print hello world ‘n’ times. Take ‘n’ as
input from user Output
-
Hello
v U
Y
/
-
I
·
Enter n: 3
~
3 &
Hello
Steps:
·Hello
1) Check false, finish
4 -
3 2) Work
2
W
X 3) Increment
I
4) Repeat

How for loop works : the various parameters.
initialization;condition; increment
d -
Ex baar bar baar

Ques : Print numbers from 1 to 100
1 to 10
10 times hello world
G
look a variables i
Print
the value
of
'' & then
obviously
'
is going to
increment

Ques : Print all the even numbers from 1 to 100
-
Output
-
2 Y 68 10 .... 98100
#At:If Else
this
look is
running 100 times

Ques : Print all the even numbers from 1 to 100
Md-2:By changing the increment
i =
1,2,3,4,5,8
...
-> it+/i= i+1
↓
i =
10...98,100
So baar look calga
->
>
>

HW : Print all the odd numbers from 1 to 100
d
M-T M-2
-
I
d ↳
increment change
if else

Ques : Print the table of 19. 19
Oteut:
19,38,57,76,95,.. 171, 190
38
57
M-1:divisible by 19 [1-190] 76
e
4,90 times 95
114
Mice 10 times
only
I133
152
171
209
190
i =
13837-0a/s13154

HW : Print the table of ‘n’. Here ‘n’ is a integer
which user will input.

Ques : Display this AP - 1,3,5,7,9.. upto ‘n’
terms. 3
technically I was
*
i c
=
22-
1
for(inti= 1; Eii =
i+
2)[
printing the value
I printf("%dn"; il;
of ''
3
an =
a, + (n-1)d
an=
1 + (n-1).2
an
=
1 +
2n-2
↓
Me
an
=
22-1

Ques : Display this AP - 1,3,5,7,9.. upto ‘n’
terms. Without
the nth term formula
-
I will only use' as the number of rounds for the look

HW : Display this AP - 4,7,10,13,16.. upto ‘n’
terms.

Ques : Display this GP - 1,2,4,8,16,32,.. upto ‘n’
terms. cook
code
->
I will run the times

HW : Display this GP - 3,12,48,.. upto ‘n’ terms.

Break;
d
look to
finish Kara before reaching the condition

C.Find the
highest factor of a
given numberin. [except'n'7
->
Fox:n
=
24
->
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
basic approach
->
int 46;
for(i=1;i =
=
n-1;i+
+
1
I if (n%i ==
0) hf =
1;
3

- 15
- S
u
↳
-
if
- -
ja i =
A665
1, 3, 5, 15

Ques : WAP to check if a number is prime or
not. d
Any number inis prime if
write a
it has no
factors except
10 h
program
it
sent
if (n%i
=
=
0(
a
WAD to check if no is
composite or not.
n
=
24,i=
2,w2

Continue;
↓
skip a round in the loop'

Ques : WAP to print odd numbers from 1 to
100.
even
-
Method- 3 i
Using continue
-

While Loop
int i = 0;
while(i<10){
// code
i++;
}
-condition for lint i =
0;
i <
10;
i+
+)[
E I/code
3
-> increment

o Print nose from 1 to
10
using while
look.

Do- While
Loop
do {
//code
} while ( another == 'y' ) ;
-> runs atleast once

Predict the output
main( ) {
int j ;
while ( j <= 10 ) {
printf ( "n%d", j ) ;
j = j + 1 ;
}
}
Output
j
~
W
I
=>
j +
+
;
W
I
-
Garbage Values

Predict the output
main( ) {
int i = 1 ;
while ( i <= 10 ) ;
{
printf ( "n%d", i ) ;
i++ ;
}
}
-
-
a
lot
o
-

Predict the output
main( ) {
int x = 1 ;
while ( x == 1 ) {
x = x - 1 ;
printf ( "n%d", x ) ;
}
}
Output
~ W
I
·
~

Predict the output
main( ) {
int x = 1 ;
while ( x == 1 )
x = x - 1 ;
printf ( "n%d", x ) ;
}
- Ioutput
w
I

Predict the output
main( ) {
int x = 4, y = 3, z ;
z = x-- -y ;
printf ( "n%d %d %d", x, y, z ) ;
}
Output
I ⑧
v
~
Y 3
X
y 2
I
· 33 1
X - - =>
post decrement
4=
x
-
1

Predict the output
main( ) {
while ( 'a' < 'b' )
printf ( "nmalyalam is a palindrome" ) ;
}
9798
L
malayalam
S I
Infinite Loop
=

Predict the output
main( ) {
int i ;
while ( i = 10 ) {
printf ( "n%d", i ) ;
i = i + 1 ;
}
}
-
:
v N
I
②

HW : Predict the output
main( ) {
int i = 10 ;
while ( i = 20 )
printf ( "nA computer buff!" ) ;
}

Predict the output
main( ) {
int x = 4, y = 0, z ;
while ( x >= 0 ) {
x-- ;
y++ ;
if ( x == y )
continue ;
else
printf ( “n%d %d”, x, y ) ;
}
}
S
d Y
·Output
X B
~
2 · 3 I
W ⑧ 3
v
-
I·-1S
x
y 2
· O y

HW : Predict the output
main( ) {
int x = 4, y = 0, z ;
while ( x >= 0 ) {
if ( x == y )
break ;
else
printf ( “n%d %d”, x, y ) ;
x-- ;
y++ ;
}
}

Questions using
Operators
+ - * / %

Ques : WAP to count digits of a given number.
n
=
12458 Algorithm:
ne
↓ n count
5 digit no. 12458 ⑧
1245
I
#
Fit:continuously divide
124 2
n
by 10 untill it
12 3
reaches O.
I U
condition - (n> 0) / (n! =
0)
work -0;
increment ⑧ 5
decrement
count++;

Ques : WAP to print sum of digits of a given
number.
n =
12345
Hint 1:Sum =
1+2+
3 + 4+ 5 =
5 +
4 +
3 +
2 +
1
Here
#Hint 2:If we want
the last
digit of a number 'n'e 2% 10
-
Algo n ed sum
-
-
1234 Y 0
123 3 U
12
2 7
I I 9
knatam
O 10

HW : WAP to print sum of all the even digits of
a given number.
1
n
=
2413/2536
↓
Sum
=
2 +
4 +
2 +
6
Hw.2 WAP to print
the
product
of all digits of a
given
-
number

Ques : WAP to print reverse of a given
number.
A
n =
1234 #
-1:
last digit
(n
=
4 32 1 in
=
n/10
-
r = ~*
10;
Algorithm :
n 2 Id
E
1234 O Y v
=
r +
ld;
123 Y 3
12 43 2
I 432 I
⑧ 4321 X

HW : WAP to print the sum of given number
and its reverse.

Ques : Print the factorial of a given number ‘n’.
- 5) or 3
=
5x4x3x2x1
-
6! =
6xSX4x3x2X1
A 2?
=
2x1
=>n!
=
nxn-1xn-2xn-3....3x2x1
n!=
product
of 1,2,3,.
. .
. .
product:
1;

HW : Print the factorials of first ‘n’ numbers
n = S
↓
I
2
6
24
120

HW : Write a program to print all the ASCII values
and their equivalent characters of 26 alphabets
using a while loop. Kafrital)
Output:(Typecasting)
e
65 A
66B
67 C
68D
:
902

Auth to access the
sources
Dev
Too -> break the
authentication
-
en, locker storage
L
can open 2 mins to
upload
anywhere
list
3. 11.3
data frames to read excel file
offset
eek baai

Pattern Printing
Questions
****
****
****
-y
-2

Ques : Print the given pattern
*****
*****
*****
Solid Rectangle
m =
no.
of rows/lines
n
=
no.
of columns, no.
of elements in each line
m=
2, n
=
3
2
3
Output
0 X X X
·
**&
i =
xR3 ⑧
i
=
Y ABM ANBY

****
****
****
****
Solid Square
L
Inpute'sas the side
of square

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
Number Square
n
=
Y n
=
3
forlinti=1; ic=
n; i+ +
K
I 2 3
I printf("%d", i);
1 2 3
3
I 23
1 2 3 4
n
=
4
forlinti=1;ic =
n;i +
+
)[
I printf!" *");
3
*** *

Homework:
me
Find out
why n
=
4
11 I
22 2 2
"Y

A B C D
A B C D
A B C D
A B C D
Alphabet Square
26
n=
4 n
=
2
Hint:ASCII values
-
AB
1 2 3 656667A BC
AB
I I 23 I 656667 - A BC
1 2 3 656667 A
B C
1 - A 2632
2 - B
3+ c & so on

Homework
-
n
=
3
A A A
B B B
c c c

*
**
***
****
Star Triangle
m =
4 n
=
3 n =
S
X I 2 345;
X & I *
** * 2
>***
4 x x x x
& S a x x x x
differenceb/w i
square &
triangle

1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
Number Triangle

HW : Print the given pattern
A
A B
A B C
A B C D
Alphabet Triangle
E
nc
=
26

Homework: (Classwork)
-
2) FOVEX =
n
=
Y 2) n =
4
A
I
B B
22
ccC
333
DDDD
44 Y Y

*HW : Print the given pattern
1
A B
1 2 3
A B C D
1 2 3 4 5
Alphabet Triangle
n
=
3
#
Ant:Use (ib-elses
& Number mix

****
***
**
*
Star Triangle Ulta
n
=
4 I 2 3 Y -
j (j =
1;jc
=
n+
1 -
i;j +
t)
I X & X *
i =
1, j =
1to 4
2 x x x
i =
2,j
=
1 to 3
3 a x
i =
3,j=
1602
Y X
i
=
4; i =
1 to 1
↓ i +
j
=
n+ 1
I
6 j =
n
+
1 - i

1 2 3 4
1 2 3
1 2
1
Number Triangle Ulta
111 I
222
&
3 3
Y

Alphabet Triangle Ulta
A B C D
A B C
A B
A
A A A A
B B B
&
C C
D

S: Odd Number Square
n
=
4 n
=
3
13 57
135
13 S 7
135
135 7 135
I 35 7

1
1 3
1 3 5
1 3 5 7
Odd Number Triangle
2
- S
H.W.
I 35 7
& I 3 S
I 3
I

Homework : n
=
3 2x
E
-
2 Y S
24 6 2
2 Y
246 & 2 4 &
2
24 6
2
46
Even Number
even Number
even Number
triangle triangle Vlta
Square

*Ques : Print the given pattern
1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
Floyd’s Triangle
n = Y
I 2 3 Y
n
=
2 n
=
5
I
I
I
2 2 3
2 3
3 U 36
Y 7
89 10
11 12 13 14 IS
Homework -
-
123 I 23
456
& 4 S
789 S

1
0 1
1 0 1
0 1 0 1
0 & 1 Triangle
n
=
4 I 2 3 Y S -j
I I
if(i+; %2 =
=
0) print (1)
2 ⑧ I
else O
3 10 I
Y ⑧ 10 I
S I 0 I ! f
↓
i

*
*
*****
*
*
Star Plus
n is odd
n
=
S
- I 23 Y S j
- -
- -
- -
-
↑ # # # #
if (i =
=
mid 11j = =
mid) -x
-
2 #
# & ##
dee e#
- -
- -
3 X X X * X
- -
Y #
I
& ##
S #
A & # #
-
L
n =
S
=
+
1;

******
* *
* *
******
Hollow Rectangle
123456
I
Conditions for a
2
- - -
' - - -
1) First row
2) Last Row
3) First
Col
4) Last Col

* *
* *
*
* *
* *
Star Cross
12345;
7
- -
2 - - -
when s *
- - - -
3 - - -
=n+1
- - -
i

*
**
***
****
Star Triangle Reverse
I 234 j n
=
4
--- ->
it (it; >
=
n+
1) x
2
- -
3
de
-
Y
i
Method-
1
-

*
**
***
****
Star Triangle Reverse
method-2
-
Using 2 loops inside look
-
123 Y
123 Y 12 3 U
I
- -
I
- - -
3 1 x
2--
3 -
-
2 -
2
I
2
* *
3 -
I 3 *
*
*
Y
Y ~
O y *
*
* *
I
j < =
n-
i
in

1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
Number Triangle Reverse
-
-
-
H. W &
---
--
-

Alphabet Triangle Reverse
A
A B
A B C
A B C D

****
****
****
****
Rhombus
- -
-
-
-
-

*
***
*****
*******
Star Pyramid
1234567
!---
I - -
I X
-
2 -
I
2 *
*
*
-- B ↑
-
3 * *
* * *
-
Y *
*
** * *
I
i jc zit-1

*
***
*****
*******
Star Pyramid
n
=
3
I
- -
1
-
-
X
2
- -
2 - * * *
3
-
3 x * * * *
n
=
Y nspe n-1 and
nst+1 and

Number Pyramid
1
1 2 3
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
solve by
me

Alphabet Pyramid
A
A B C
A B C D E
A B C D E F G

Number Pyramid Palindrome
1
1 2 1
1 2 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 3 2 1

**Ques : Print the given pattern
*
***
*****
*******
*****
***
*
Star Diamond
I
- - -
2
- -
3 -
-
I -
2 - -> usp =
1, + 1
3 - - -
nst=
2-3, -2
n
=
4

*
***
*****
*******
*****
***
*
Star Diamond
nsk =
n-1
! - -
nst =
1
- -
e
-
if(icn)[
6
-
I nsp--;
- -
1st +=
2;
7- -
3
↑
L
n
=
4
ese 2 (is =n
nsp + +;
I nst -=
2;
3

*
***
*****
*******
*****
***
*
Star Diamond
n =
1 u =
2
X *
X * Y
*
n
=
3
y
X
* A
X * - X A
* - N
↓

Star Bridge
*******
*** ***
** **
* *
I
-
* *
* -
** A
-
t * *
* * t - -
-
=
2 - - -
- - A
#
---
3 - -
n
=
4

Number Bridge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 5 6 7
1 2 6 7
1 7

Alphabet Bridge
A B C D E F G
A B C E F G
A B F G
A G

**HW : Print the given pattern
Number Pyramid Mast
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 3 3 3 3 3 4
4 3 2 2 2 3 4
4 3 2 1 2 3 4
4 3 2 2 2 3 4
4 3 3 3 3 3 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4

What and
Why?
input
e
1A- Output
I y
=
f(x) =
x+
5 =
f(8) =
8 +
3 =
69
Repetitions of
Looks - for things that
are
together
Readable ~
After some time

Basic syntax
fun(){
// code
}
#
include <stdio.h>
#
include <stdbool.h>
int main() [
-> main
I function
3

return type
- M Output
-
I
-
·
Hi, I am
Raghav Garg
w
-
·
Hey, Good Morning
-
-
·
How are
you?
⑧
·Hi, I work at
PW
~
~ I return 0; ⑧
3
1, 6, 7, 8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10

main()
return ;
L
11 Khatam
↑
2) Give the value (if any) back to
calling function

parameters
e
~ ~
arguements, parameters
·Enter a number: 6
~- ·
↑I
d
t
I
· 6 is Even
- Pass by value
a

A
type
return means Ginish &
give back the value
-
-
↳I Enter 24 no: 2
-
-
w
I C
I
I
enter 14
no:
6
W
w
~
w
⑯ E
~
-
-
- 62
W
v

How functions work : ek ke andar doosra,
doosre ke andar teesra
-
v ·
main
-
-
·
India
~
e ⑳ ·
England
-- ·
Japan
- ⑧
I
v ⑧
-
-
3

Function Prototype - useless
d
I &
Error
To counter the
problem of calling
int fun (into intb);

Kaam ki baate :
1) main() ek hi baar aata hai.
2) Starts with main
3) unlimited functions

Return type : Sum function se samajte hai
int sum/inta, intb)<
I return a +
b;
3
int main (K
I printf("%d", sum/8,71);
3

Library functions
↳ Saut (16) - 4
↳
pow(2,5) - 32

Ques : Combination and Permutation
->
Fatral: n!=
nxn-1xn-2x...3x2x1
Combinations ! "Cr
-En-n! I
3) =
1 =
Sx
- >
2!x 3!
2x1x x1
- 10
Rotation: ~Pr - n!
-> Homework
-
(n-v)1
fameln,
use New

Ques : Combination and Permutation
mco =
ma!"In
nc,
=
==m

Ques : Pascal triangle -> h
=
S
I I
I 2 I
7 2 I
I 33 I I 33 I
I Y 6 4 I I 464 I
I S
I
10
I
I
10 S I
I
I
I S 10 10 S I
0!= 1, I!
=
I

Ques : Pascal triangle
O I 2 3 Y S O I 23 4S
O I
O ·Co
I I I I 'Co,
2 7 2 I
I 2 2202, 22
3 133 I 3
3
o 3 " s
Y I 464 I Y "o "C, YCz "C3 "Cy
S I S 10 10 S I S Co SC,2, , s
dia; -> col no
w

Ques : Pascal triangle Homework
-
- - - -
I
---- I
--I -2- I
1 -
3- 3- 1
-
1 -
4 -
6 -
4- 1

Scope of variable Local & Global
Ankat
S
-
⑰
7070
~ a
-
v
v W
I
~
-
70
~ G
-

Formal parameters and Actual Parameters
->
formal parameters FP AP
1 L
+ab
variables/ the ade
containers values
> Actual Parameters

Ques : Swap 2 numbers
w 7 Output
-
A
W M W Y
W
~ 7
w
-
X
y
~ 47
-
* x is changed now
permanently changed
I77
w
w

Ques : Swap 2 numbers int temp =
x;
A:Using extra dabba/variable
-
X =
yi
M-It:Without
using 34 variable y =
temp;
-
-
Sw(X,yS
+2
-
2
W
↓ - 6+ 2 -
2
6 +
2
6 I
Aim: X
y
x =
x +
y
y
=
x -
y
x
=
x -
y

Pass by value & Pass by reference
W ↳ E W
Output
Input
~ 3
~ X
- B temp 7
-
~
- 37
1 3
3
I3 7
~ - E 37
W
-
X
y
W
--

*Pointers
inte y
bytes
float-y bytes
int xi
W W char-2 bytes
inty; X
y bool- 1 byte
a SOO a 7UO
X
y

*Pointers Output
v
d W 6
a soo
~
↓
aS00
I
·
90
v X
2
=90
-
a 500 9700
W
*
-
deneference
operator
star operator

*Pointers
7 · 3
W
3 9400 ·7
G
- W W
X 2
W
v
Update/Change
a 400 a S00
I
e
- -

*Pointers -
swap 2 numbers swapl
u 9408 9800 3
~
↳ W L 3
~
X
y
temo
a 100 &200
-
I
-
O &2
7 3
i
Output
w
~ A 37
⑬ ↳
e
~
X
y
e 9400 a 800
e
Reference

State TRUE or FALSE :
1) The same variable names can be used in different
functions without any conflict. TRUE

2) Every called function must contain a return
statement.
3) A function may contain more than one return
statements.
FALSE (exception is
void]
TRUE
d
but only one return statement
is actually executed

4) Same names can be used for different functions
without any conflict. FALSE
L
C++
2 Java are OOD Languages
but
I is
not

5) A function may be called more than once from any
other function TRUE
6) A function can call itself (except
main) TRVE

Recursion
ekbadi problem using a chhotifroblem
I
E
↑ combinations
Easy
↓
I a function calling itself
Recursive Relations

Function calling itself
~ ·
Good Morning
i
~
·
Good
Morning
~
w
w
to
stop it?

2 1
w X ~ a X Output
W
X
W ·
Good Morning
W ~
⑧
1 O
~
- L j
A
Good Morning
↑⑧
-
-- ~
I
-
Comprehensively
a ·
DRY RUN

Ques : Print n to 1 lusing recursion)
ForEx:n =
S I
Output
L
S
Y
3
2
I

Ques : Print 1 to n - kind
of harder than to 1
Output
#:Using extra
parameter ·I
A 3
Y 3 ·2
w X
&
3
⑳ X --X
W
I 2 3
↑ 3 3
IE
-
~ X ~
v ~
⑧ X ~ X
33 43
~ ⑧

Ques : Print 1 to n (after recursive call)
-> without
using the extra parameter out
-
~ 1
X ⑧ 0 X Enter n: 3
⑧
V ~
:I
↑ 3
-
I =
=
x
2
↑
-
2
u
-
&
1
I
- 2 v ·3
~ X
r
w
W
-
v 3
2
⑧
-

Concept in Recursion which is
UVVIMP:
mee
fun //S
base case
I wire,in
work
3

Ques : Print sum from 1 to n (Parameterised)
3. X
3 Y
ve a
7
output
- X
-
⑧
2 7
X ~
1 ⑨
Enter n:
4.
↳ 10
↑ Y O
~1
-
R 9
I
↑⑧
x
⑧
x
X
⑧ a
w
3 U
↳ ·O 10
~ 10
e 0v
- - X --
·X
7
-
o 4,0
~

Ques : Print sum from 1 to n (Return type)
- void, intr -
no 1
Sum(5) =
5 + 4+
3 +
2 +
1
sum(s) =
S+ sum(n)
-
d
sum/4)
=
4 +
3 +
2 + 1
E
I
Sum(y) =
4 +
sum/3)
-
sym(3): 3+ 2+ 1 I
sum/3) =
3+ sum)
sum(2)
=
2+ 1
sym(2) =
2 +
sum)13
sum()
=
1 sym(1)=
I

Ques : Print sum from 1 to n (Return type)
15 10
sym(s)=
5 + sum/4)
↑sumb)
Recursive tree /Radder
-
↑
3 +
su(2)
↑ I
2+ seem(1)
t
recursive
↑
formula 1
[in
=
n +
sum(n-1)
E
Sum(1) =
1
recurrence relation

Ques : Make a function which calculates the
factorial of n using recursion.
n!=
nxt
3x241
5!
=
5x4x3 X2x
fact(1) =
1
fact(s) =
3x2x1
I
fact(0) =
1
fact(Y)
I
4 x 3x2x1
↳
fact(s) =
Sxfact(n)
↳
t
=
nx
fact (n-1)

Ques : Make a function which calculates ‘a’
raised to the power ‘b’ using recursion.
b S 2" =
2x(2x2x2)
a 2 =
2x2x2x2X2
2" =
2x23
d b
a =
axaxaxa . . . .
a O
C
- a
2
S
I 32 I
b terms
I⑰
b
a =
a x (axaxaxa...)
⑰ b. 1 times
a
=
axaxaxa ↓
=
a
=
ax a
daxab d
if (b=
=
0) return
**
b)
=
a*Gower(a,b-1)

*Multiple Calls
Ques : Write a function to calculate the nth
fibonacci number using recursion.
1 2 3 S 8 13 21 34 5S 89/44&soon
n =
1 2 3 Y S
· 8 9 10 11 12
fibo(z) =
fibo(6) +
fibo(s)
6 it
=
fiboln-1) +
fibo(n-2)
recurrence relation
base:If n =
=
1 or n = =
2 return 1

Recursion Tree
m e
fibo(s) College Wallah
S ↓
3
I
-Final Playlists
fibo(U)
↓
-d Sibol
d C
Programming
I I ↓
fibo(z)+
fibo(z)
+
fibo(l) Recursion
↓
Fiboll
fibo(z) +
1
↑

HW : Power function (logarithmic)
↓
332 = 3 x 33 332 =
3x36
ab =
? 331 =
3x330 31 =
38 x
38
3
8
=
3 x 3
7
I
32
38 =
3x 34 6 steps
37
= 3 x 3
6 S
calls 34 =
32 x 32 calls
36 =
3 x 3
S
I
32 =
3x3
3
Y
=
3x34
I↑
↑
S
I I 1
3
=
3 x 3
4
3 =
I
3
3
- 3 x 3 3
=
3x,
3
2 =
3x3
I
I
⑧
3
=
3 x 3

Arrays
int X; W
X
int m1 =
80;
int M2
=
9S;
&
1
S
intm10 =
77;

What is an array?
↓
It is can be said as a
list of items
int/float/char) bool

Syntax and Declaration ⑳
aname=
24,1,7,9,23;
G
intx(
data size
tybe
9/2
↓
elements of
away'x

Accessing Elements of Array
- -
-using square brackets
updation &
indexing
int air [4)= [10,20,30,403;
ari
too
-
printf )"%od", avr(23);

Printing Output and Taking Input
↓
↳ intx i
I
If I have to
print
all the
elements
scant("%od",2x);
of an
away
Loops
->
If away is of size 'n' then the
indexing
will be from t

intarr [] = [10,20,30,403;
and it
o arr (27 =
90
d
↓
nx; bytes
16 bytes
in

Ques : Are the following array declarations correct?
int a (25) ;
int size = 10, b[size] ;
int c = {0,1,2} ;
Wrong
->
int a [2s];
correct
--
wrong
int size =
10;
↓
int b(size];
int [1 =
50, 1,23;
w
intc(39 =
90,1,23; 2

Ques : Which element of the array does this
expression reference?
num[4] nam ,
"
It element
from
start

Memory Allocation in Arrays
int a
=
10;
⑱
int b =
20; W
a D
C
intc
=
30;
↓
intaxr[3) =
210,20,303; and lo
I contiguous memory
allocation

Passing Array to Functions
void swaplintx, intyl
or
I y
3
-
int
main))2
I
int x =
4;
I
inty
=
8;
X
y
Swap (X, y);
3

Passing Array to Functions
For int, float, care pass by value pointeres pass by reference
Idifferent behavious

Ques : Calculate the sum of all the elements in the
given array.
intavr() =
2S, Y, , 9,63;
Sum
=
0; $ 910192S

Homework : Calculate the product of all the elements
in the given array.

Ques : Find the maximum value out of all the elements
in the array.
-
-
01 2 > Y
intarr[s]=
(4, 8, 1,9,33; mx
=
Y;89
int mx =
awr (0];
-ebm
5e
Or
m
=
max(a,b);

Ques : Find the maximum value out of all the elements
in the array. ->
*
ch-2 :intarr[4) =
[4, 8, 1,63;
1 intmx=-1; ->
problem
Jyada Use hoti - int mx=
INT-MIN;

Homework : Find the minimum value out of all the
elements in the array.
↓
2 methods
d
intmn=
aro]; then
compare with Itonl
↳ intmm=
FNT-MAX;
-

MCQ : What is the difference between the 5’s in these
two expressions?
int num[5] ;
num[5] = 11 ;
1. first is particular element, second is type
2. first is array size, second is particular element
3. first is particular element, second is array size
4. both specify array size
esize
-> declaration
index to update, assign, initialize
- /index

1. The array int num[26] has twenty-six elements.
2. The expression num[1] designates the first element in
the array
3. It is necessary to initialize the array at the time of
declaration.
4. The expression num[27] designates the
twenty-eighth element in the array.
True
FALSE
FALSE
intarr[S];
TRUE

HW : Given an integer n. Create an array containing
squares of all natural numbers till n and print the
elements of the array.
his
Hill)
as

Ques : Given an array of integers, change the value of
all odd indexed elements to its second multiple and
increment all even indexed value by 10.
I
E
isscintic

Ques : Count the number of elements in given array
greater than a given number x.
arr
=
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 73; target
=
4

HW : Find the difference between the sum of elements
at even indices to the sum of elements at odd indices.

Ques:
Search for an element
in an
away
6
awr=[1,2,4,8, 16, 12,9,33 x =
8
E
bool -> true/false
110
d
bool flag: false;

Ques : Find the second largest element in the given
Array. -> distinct number
arr=
[4, 1,2,2,5,6,6,8,9,93
# Hint:2 times for look
-
-
imax,
smat

Ques : Write a program to copy the contents of one
array into another in the reverse order.
01 2 3 4 5 6
-
n
=
7
arr=
21,2,3,4,5,6,73
brr[i]: arr[n-1-i]
01 2 3 4 5 6
bor =
27,6,5, 4, 3,2,13
brr[i]:
arr[j]
bir [0] =
7 =
ar [s] -> it j =
n-
1
M
brr[1] =
aur(s] I
n-1-i
E
=> -
brr[2)
=
arr[4]

Ques : Write a program to reverse the array without
using any extra array.
arr= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,73
01 2 3 4 5 6
↳arr= 27,6, S S 4, 3, 2,13
i
j
int i =
0; while (ij,
int j=
n-1;
I
Swap (arr (i), arr (i))
i + +;
si--;

Homework : If an array arr contains n elements, then
check if the given array is a palindrome or not.
-> racecar
->
malayalam
-> arr=
[1, 2, 3, 4, 3,2,13
arr= [1,2, 2,13

2D Arrays
ID
away/Away, list All
S students -> D, C, M
↓
2 dimensional arrays

What and
Why?
So far we have explored arrays with only one dimension. It is also
possible for arrays to have two or more dimensions. The two
dimensional array is also called a matrix.
int arr[r][c];
This is a 2D array where r depicts number of rows in matrix and c
depicts number of columns in the matrix.
int arr(u);
int arr [w][C];

int arr[3][3] int air [2][2];
0 I
0 I 2
I 34
int aur [2][4]; arr [0][0] =
1
arr (0][1) =
2
I
arr (1390) =
3
-
arr (1][I]
=
Y

2D arrays
can be called as
away of 'aways'
-> [1,2,33
I [E1, 2, 33, 34,5,63,[7,8,933
-> [4,5,63 -
- [7,8,93

Initialisation of a 2-Dimensional
Array
int arr[4][2] = { { 1234, 56 }, { 1256, 43 }, { 1434, 32 }, { 1312, 96 } } ;
int arr[4][2] = { 1234, 56 , 1256, 43 , 1434, 32 , 1312, 96} ;
int arr[2][3] = { 12, 34, 56, 78, 91, 23 } ;
int arr[ ][3] = {12, 34, 56, 78, 91, 23 } ;
y rows 2 cols
↑
-This works
intarr[2][] =
[12,34,56,78,91,233 -
X

intarr [4322) =
[[1,23,93,43,45,63,47,833;
⑧ f
② 12
I 3 Y
I 2 S
↓
6
3 7 8
08 -
int arr[US[2]
=
5 1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7,8)

Ques : Write a program to store roll number and
marks obtained by 4 students side by side in a
matrix.
Raghav Harsh Urvi Sanket
76
88 82 -1
82 91 98
80
-> Raghav 76 80
int arr[4][2]
Harsh 88 82
Vervi 8291
Sanket 71 98

-
Nate
re
I
output
I 23
Y S 6
78 9
1, 2, 3
-> air(0][2]
autoscostaur[o][

Output
- Column wire -> Transpose
ne
Output
-
I 2 3 147
YS 6 25 8
7 89 369

Ques : Write a program to store 10 at every index of
a 2D matrix with 5 rows and 5 columns.
-
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
"
10 18 10 10 10

Ques : Write a program to add two matrices.
:
C
a

Ques : Find the maximum element in a given
matrix.
same as ID
away

HW : Find the minimum element in a given
matrix.

HW : Find the sum of all elements in a given
matrix.

HW : Find the product of all elements in a
given matrix.

HW : Given a matrix ‘a’ of dimension n x m and 2
coordinates (l1, r1) and (l2, r2). Return the sum of
the rectangle from (l1,r1) to (l2, r2). print
m
=
5 rows
(11,21) =
20,1)
(12,22) =
23,2)
Eit
n
=
4 scols

Ques : Write a program to Print the transpose
of the matrix entered by the user.
Done
↳ column-wiseprinting
the
1

Strings
Array - collection of variables int avr(s];
d Char arr [4]=
int, char, float
d
char
arrays
arr:
S'va;','h,aiv's

What are strings?
char arrays (mostly)

Printing character array with loop
↓
This can be done, but
is it not hectic?
X
It is
->
Raghav is a teacher at
DW.

Now, let’s print character array with null
character
↓
done, it doesnt
show in output
-> chaw aw=','',h'ia','v,70'3;
I
raghar

Initializing a string
Just how we make arrays! (Already done)
char str[] = {‘P’, ‘h’, ‘y’, ‘s’, ‘i’, ‘c’, ‘s’, ‘ ’, ‘W’, ‘a’, ‘l’, ‘l’, ‘a’, ‘h’, ‘0’};

A Better Way
char str[] = “PhysicsWallah”;
What is the size of str? e?

Assigning string literal with size:
char str[50] = “PhysicsWallah”;

Think…
Is the following code snippet correct?
char str[13] = “PhysicsWallah”;
I wrong, give sto a win size of 14
arrestr

Accessing individual characters
char str[] = “Physics Wallah”;
Predict the output?
(a) printf(“%c”, str[5]);
(b) printf(“%d”, str[9]);
01 23456789101112
- C
- ascir
value of b

Modifying individual characters
Predict str after:
(a) str[0] = ‘M’;
(b) str[1] = 97;
MhyciceWallah
Maysics Wallah

Input and Output of string
without loop
(puts &
gets /
d
using %s' format
specifies

Can we use string (character arrays) as
pointers?
char str[] = “PhysicsWallah”;
char *ptr = str;

We get another way of initialising strings
char *ptr = “Physics Wallah”;
Note: Such direct initialisation using pointers results in a read-only
memory allocation of character arrays and hence, causes undefined
behaviour when we try to change the characters.
ptr[0] = ‘m’; Error!

Interesting thing about such initialization
printf(“%s”, str);
str = “College Wallah”; Error!

printf(“%sn”, ptr);
ptr = “College Wallah”;
printf(“%s”, ptr);
Works perfectly!
Interesting thing about such initialization
~
~
I
Physics Wallah"
nu
pr
↳
/I
College Wallah"

Why does this happen?
Pointers change the address to which they point after initialising a new
character array!
printf(“Address 1: %pn”, ptr);
ptr = “College Wallah”;
printf(“Address 2: %p”, ptr);

Using heap memory
Storing str in writable heap segment

Implement: Copy one string to another
char s1[] = “Physics Wallah”;
char *s2 = s1;
// Let’s change in s1.
s1[0] = ‘M’;
printf(“%s”, s2);

Making our tasks easy!
Useful functions for C already in standard library!
strlen(char *str) Returns the length of string
strcpy(char *s1, char *s2) Copies the contents of string s2 to string s1
strcat(char *s1, char *s2) Concat s1 string with s2 and stores the result in s1
strcmp(char *s1, char *s2) Compares the two strings
strncpy(char *s2, char *s1, int len)
Copy substring of size len starting from s1
character pointer into s2.

How. Reverse a given string
-
-
↓
0123456
char str)l:
"ragharlo";
↳
n
=
7
L
i=
0,j =
6

What are Structures?
struct student{
int rno;
char grade;
float percent;
};
user defined data ty/za
-
dabbe int, float,car
I
student
Every student
has some common
properties
d
~no,
percent, grade

intxi
⑤
x
=
3
X
Student Xi
⑰2/
A
int
intx;
Jaatafe *
Ineprint/class object

grade who percent
195.41
-
-
W
-

Why Structures? f + f
2D
array I I i
↓ E 2
Raghav 90.1
urvi 95.4
Sanket
⑧ ↳
Harsh 93.2
96.8
float 240
Grade
per

Array approach vs Structures
↓
d
Same data type Re
Biff.data types fou
a
specific class
multiple objects ho
store Karna

Ques : What should be preferred to store 10 floats in a
memory? Array or structure?
~

Ques : State true or false
An array should be used to store dissimilar elements, and
a structure to store similar elements.
~

Structure variables
Declaration, Initialization and Accessing
- ~
-v
L L
↓ dot operator
Struct student 31;

Ques : Create a structure type ‘book’ with name, price
and number of pages as its attributes ->
classwork
struct book [
char name (20];
float
price;
int
no of pages;
3;
Struct
book b1;
b1. price
=
487
.5
b1.no ofpages=
500;
strupy 1b1. name,"Secret Seven");

Ques : Find the error
struct emp{
int ecode;
struct emp e;
}
struct emp [ ecode
int ecode; 1
E 3; 2
·d
struct
empe;
struct
empe;
ecode
Al
I
2

Ques : Create a structure type ‘Person’ with name,
salary and age as its attributes. Declare and initialize 2
variables for this. Print the name of first person and age
of the other.

How are structure elements stored?
↓
Memory Allocation intx; s ybytes
1
Merent
are
e
blt 6; -y
bytes
charch-
2
bytes
8 bytes
migans

Array of Structures
Why?
↓
So students Kadata, a height, uno, grade
↓
int awr [SO];
student
aur [S0];

Array of Structures
Declaration and Access
L
↳
W

Features of structures
Copying one structure variable to another of the
same type int x
=
4; -
⑰
L X
int
y =X;
Student
32:
S1
d
↓ 6
M
y
=
6 y

Nesting one structure within another structure
Struct car [
supercar
char type [20]; I
carV+ extra
int price; ↓
float
topspeed; Chasis,spoiler
3;
macbook air-> touch id, haptic trackpad, airdrop
Macbook Pros air +
HDM1 +
SD card

Ques :
maruti.engine.bolts = 25 ;
Which of the following is True?
1. structure bolts is nested within structure engine
2. structure engine is nested within structure maruti
3. structure maruti is nested within structure engine
4. structure maruti is nested within structure bolts
-
True
True
F
legenday Po
I
Po

A structure variable can be passed to a function
->
passed by value
w
7/B 76
70.7
-
~ B
/B
IB
B
~
a
/'B
-
⑧
W
~

Structure pointers
for pass by reference

What are Unions?
union student{
int rno;
char grade;
float percent;
};
->
structures only
-
space efficient ↓
d
but
with a
discipline
1 /A
d At a time only one
struct - 10 bytes attribute can be
union -y
bytes accessed &
infact,
stored

Finish:
-
↓
Youtube
d
Wait, File Handling
I
college
d
Wallah
DMA
Playlist
preproccenor, Macros L
C Programming Course
↓
File Handling

THANK YOU
Maza aa
gaya
-
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