3.01C Multimedia Elements and Guidelines.ppt

3.01C Multimedia Elements
and Guidelines
3.01 Explore multimedia systems,
elements and presentations.

Multimedia Fair Use
Guidelines

Guidelines for using copyrighted
multimedia elements include:
 Text
 Motion media
 Illustrations
 Music
 Internet
 Numerical data sets
 Copying and
distribution
 Alteration
limitations
 Citations
Multimedia Fair Uses Guidelines

Multimedia Elements
 Text
 Graphics
 Animation
 Audio
 Video
 Menus
 Hyperlinks
 Virtual Reality

Multimedia Elements: Text
Text should be:
 Appropriate for the target audience.
 Easy to read.
 Serif typefaces are preferred for printed material.
 Sans serif typefaces are preferred for on-screen
display.
 Formatted consistently throughout the
presentation.

Multimedia Elements: Graphics
 Graphics are an important part of the
communication process.
 They can be used to:
 Highlight information
 Set a mood or tone
 Provide examples
 Serve as backgrounds
 The two types of graphic used in
multimedia are raster and vector.
 Vector graphics are made up of arcs and
lines.
 Raster graphics are made of dots.

When using graphics, the multimedia designer must:
 Determine the best balance between the size and quality.
 Use appropriate graphics for the intended purpose and
audience.
 Choose appropriate file formats
 Standard for the internet:
 JPEG (Joint Photographer Experts Group)
 GIF (Graphics Interchange file format)
 PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
 Most popular
 TIFF - Tagged Image File Format
 BMP – Bitmap
 PCX - Windows Paint
 PICT - Macintosh

 Graphics editing programs allow designers to
draw, paint, or edit images.
 A combination of different graphic programs
may be used in creating multimedia
presentations.

Multimedia Elements: Animation
 2-D and 3-D animations are useful in multimedia in
the areas of entertainment, education, and training.
 They can be used to create simplified illustrations of
a simulation or dramatization.
 They can be much easier to understand because
they are less complex than video.
 2-D animations have smaller file sizes that video
files which means quicker loading or downloading of
the files.

Multimedia Elements: Sound
 Sounds in multimedia presentations could
include:
 Music.
 Narrations.
 Sound effects.
 Original recordings.
 Sound waves are vibrations that are created
when we speak.
 Sound waves are analog signals because they
are continuous, fluctuating waves with no
interruptions.

Multimedia Elements: Sound
 Computers are digital
machines, meaning that
they represent data with
1s and 0s.
 To use sound on the
computer, the sound
waves must be converted
from analog to digital
form, or digitized.
 This conversion process
is called sampling.

Sampling
 Sampling is a means of reproducing a
continuous event, such as sound or motion,
by recording many fragments of it.
 It involves taking “snapshots” of a sound
wave in rapid intervals.
 These samples, or bits of information, are
saved as numbers to allow the computer to
process them.

Sample Rate
 The sample rate is the number of samples
taken per second.
 It is typically expressed in hertz (Hz), or
samples per second.
 16,000 samples per second = 16 kHz
 44,100 samples per second = 44.1 kHz
(CD quality sound)

Sample Rate (continued)
 The higher the sampling rate, the more
samples taken per second.
 This means:
 The digital sound will more closely match the
analog sound.
 The quality of the audio will be better.

Sample Size
 Sample size is the number of bits used to store one
sample.
 It is also called resolution.
 The more bits used per sample, the closer the digital
copy sounds to the original analog sound.
 The larger the sample size, the bigger the file size
but the better the quality of the sound.
 CD-quality sound has a sample size of 16 bits.

Sample Size (continued)
 Sample size can be changed in Windows
Sound Recorder by clicking on the File Menu
and then clicking on Properties.
 It can be set for:
 Recording
 Playback

Audio File Size is Determined By:
 Sampling rate – the number of samples per
second.
 Sample size – the number of bits used to
save one sample.
 Channels recorded – mono or stereo.

Audio File Formats
 AU – (Audio) file created by Sun Microsystems and
used on computers running the UNIX operating
system.
 MP3 – (Mpeg-1 Audio Layer 3) very compressed
file that is popular for music stored on portable
players and on the Internet because it can
reproduce near-CD quality audio in small file sizes.
 MIDI – (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) file
format for creating and/or playing music with
instruments using synthesizers and sound cards.

Audio File Formats (continued)
 WAV – (Waveform) file format developed jointly by
IBM and Microsoft as the native format for Windows
sound files.
 Produces high-quality sound.
 Generates large file sizes because it is uncompressed.
 Commonly used to edit sound which is then saved in a
different compressed format for distribution.
 WMA (Windows Media Audio) proprietary file format
developed by Microsoft originally to compete with
the .MP3 format.
 Produces high-quality sound.
 More compressed than .WAV files.

Multimedia Elements: Video
 Videos allow the audience to view actual events
instead of just reading about or listening to them.
 Sources for videos include web sites and stock film
companies.

Multimedia Elements: Video
 Videos can be used in:
 CD-ROMS
 Games
 Presentations
 Video simulations
 Videoconferences
 Websites.
 Videos vary in quality.

The Video Format
The file format of the video determines:
 Which programs can open and play it.
 How much storage space it occupies.
 How fast it travels over an Internet connection.

Video File Formats
 AVI (Audio Video Interleave)
 Windows format, plays in Windows Media Player
 Very good quality, even at smaller resolutions
 Large file size – not recommended for delivering video over
the Internet.
 Popular format for videos stored on a computer.
 MOV (Movie)
 Apple format, plays in the QuickTime Player
 Very good quality
 Popular format for videos downloaded from the Internet.

Video File Formats
 MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group)
 The standard for compression and storage of audio and
motion video for use on the World Wide Web.
 Creates video small file sizes.
 Popular format for videos downloaded from the Internet.
 Its biggest advantage is that It will play in many different
media players.
 RM (RealMedia)
 Plays in the RealPlayer player.
 Typically contains a movie clip.
 Popular format for streaming video viewed over the Internet.
 Real Player is generally supported by many different
computers and operating systems.

Video File Formats
 WMV (Windows Media Video)
 Proprietary video format developed by Microsoft.
 Plays in Windows Media Player.
 Popular format for streaming video viewed over the
Internet.
 FLV (Flash Video)
 New file format widely used on the Internet.
 Plays in Adobe Flash Player.
 Very small file size.
 Popular format for streaming video viewed over the Internet

Multimedia Elements: Availability
Stock clips of animation, sound, and video are:
 Available for free or for a fee:
 On CD’s which can be purchased.
 In presentation software programs.
 On web sites.
 Made available by vendors (for sale) or individuals
(created as a hobby).
 Available in several formats such as MPEG1,
Quicktime or Streaming Quicktime.

Review
Guidelines for using copyrighted
multimedia elements include:
 Text
 Motion media
 Illustrations
 Music
 Internet
 Numerical data sets
 Copying and distribution
 Alteration limitations
 Citations

Review (Continued)
Multimedia Elements:
 Text
 Graphics
 Animation
 Audio
 Video

3.01C Multimedia Elements and Guidelines.ppt

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