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2D Drafting in computer aided drafting or modeling
- 1. UNIT – II2D Drafting
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- 3. Projection View • Theart of representing a three-dimensional object or scene in a 2D space is called projection. • Projection is carried out by passing projector through each vertex and intersecting the projector with the two- dimensional view planes.
- 4. Types of ProjectionViews 1. Parallel Projection. 2. Perspective Projection.
- 5. Different types ofperspective projection
- 6. Orthographic View • Orthographicprojection are further mainly classified into two types. These are 1. First Angle Projection. 2. Third Angle Projection.
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- 9. Comparison Between 1st and3rd Angle Projection
- 10. Auxiliary View • Whenan object has a slanted or inclined surface, it usually is not possible to show the inclined surface in an orthographic drawing without distortion. • To present a more accurate description of any inclined surface, an additional view, known as an auxiliary view, is usually required.
- 12. Major Benefits ofusing Auxiliary Views • Clarity – Auxiliary view provides a more detailed understanding of the object as they represent the true length and shape of an inclined surface. • Accuracy – These views enable accurate measurement and representation of the object being designed. This promotes precision during the manufacturing or building phase of the project. • Communication – Engineers often work with large teams. Having a comprehensive drawing with auxiliary views ensures that the entire team has a clear and full understanding of the design. In turn, this minimizes errors and promotes effective communication.
- 13. Classification of AuxiliaryView • There are three types of Projection – 1. Primary auxiliary views. 2. Secondary auxiliary views. 3. Tertiary views.
- 14. Primary Auxiliary View •If this plane is perpendicular to some principal plane, then the drawing on such drawing is called Primary Auxiliary Views.
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- 20. Auxiliary view symbolsin Engineering Drawing • Edge view symbol: When the edge of an object appears as a line in the auxiliary view, it’s representation by a short, thick line, indicating that its an edge view and not a dimensional line. • Fold view: It’s a thin line that donates the extension of folding lines from the parent view to the auxiliary view. It helps to orient the auxiliary view relative to its parent. • Phantom view: Phantom lines are long short-short lines most often used to show the travel or movement of an object or a part in alternative position.
- 25. Sectional View • ASectional View or a sectional looks inside an object. Sections are used to clarify the interior construction of a part that cannot be clearly described by hidden lines in the exterior view. • By taking an imaginary cut through the object and removing a portion, the inside features may be seen more clearly.
- 26. Features of asectional views • Sections views may initially seem complex, but they are easily distinguishable with a few key features – 1. The object appears “cut” in the direction of the sectional view. 2. Hidden edges or features aren’t usually depicted in the sectional view itself. 3. Features on the cut surface are often denoted by a unique pattern, known as “section lining” or hatching.
- 27. Different Sectional View •Full Sectional View – As the name suggest, a full sectional view slices the entire object through an imaginary plane, showcasing the interior detail entirely. • Half Sectional View – This type takes into account only half the object, giving a partial peek into the internal make up. Commonly used for symmetrically designed object. • Offset Sectional view – A Staggered slice across an object to reveal the details of features that aren’t aligned.
- 30. Need for Sectionalview for Design Engineer • Sectional view are very essential tools for Design Engineer. They provide an in-depth look at the inner working of various components and system, thereby aiding the understanding of their functionality and interaction. • Clarity in communication. • Inspecting Internal Features. • Simplifying complex Design. • Saving time and Resources.
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- 45. Title Blocks Creation •Title Block are used to record all important necessary for the working drawings. They contain general as well as specific information. • The data may refers to company policy or to a drawing. The form and information vary from company to company. A company that produces large casting, as a example may have different notes than a company that makes small tools and dies. •
- 47. Data available intitle block • Though the arrangement and size of the title block is optional, the Following information is considered mandatory: 1. Drawing number. 2. Title or description of the drawing (part time). 3. Name of firm/organization (Address, project affiliation) 4. Original Scale. 5. General specification and notes area. (Tolerance, finishes). 6. Drafter name area; signature, approval etc.
- 48. Types of Titleblock • Three types of Title Block 1. A block used for A-, B-, C- and G- size drawing. 2. A Slightly larger block for D-,E-,F-,H-,J- and K- size drawings. 3. A vertical title block.
- 49. Procedure for CreatingTitle Block • Identify the required Information. • Fixing the overall title block size. • Split the title block. • Design and layout. • Incorporating company logo and Graphics. • Add Dynamic Fields. • Test and review. • Integrate the title block in template.
- 53. Bill of Materials(BOM) • BOM or Bill of Materials is a document that lists all the components, parts, materials, and quantities required to build or assemble a product. • It is commonly used in technical drawing and engineering documentation to provide a comprehensive and organized list of the items needed for manufacturing or assembly.
- 54. Components of BOM •BOM Level. • Part number. • Part name. • Phase. • Description. • Quantity. • Unit of Measurement. • Procurement type.
- 55. Notes Creation • NotesCreation in technical drawing is an important aspect of conveying information and specification related to the drawing. • Notes provide additional details, instruction and clarification that are necessary for understanding the drawing. • The following terms are to avoid to make the notes- 1. Lengthy. 2. Complex. 3. Indefinite notes.
- 56. Types of notes •General • Specific or local.
- 57. Ballooning of 2Ddrawing • Ballooning is a method used in inspection reporting to identify and reference specific or dimensions on a 2D drawing. • It involves adding numbered balloons or bubble to the drawing, each corresponding to a specific characteristic or item that need to be inspected or measured. • These balloons serve as visual markers and are accompanied by a corresponding by a corresponding inspection reports or checklist that provides detailed information.
- 59. General Rules ofballooning • The balloon type must be same across all drawing corresponding to a single reference drawing. • Balloons should not overlap the parts list area or title block area. • The leader length should be significantly larger than the balloon text height. • There cannot be no more than 3 leader segments for a single balloon. • A balloon must have a corresponding parts list entry or else that balloon is not migrated.
- 60. Rules for LinearBalloons • The angle between the reference line and leader must be between 90 and 180 degrees. • The length of the leader must be significantly longer to that of the balloon. • All reference lines must be horizontal. • The distance between reference lines in the collection must be the same. • The reference lines must be either left aligned or right aligned.