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GOAL: IDENTIFY STRATEGIES USED TO BRING ATTENTION TO THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT. The Civil Rights Movement

Bell Ringer How did each amendment change the lives of African-Americans in the US? 13 th 14 th 15 th

Plessy v. Ferguson Established “separate but equal” What are some examples of services that this rule applied to?

Brown v. Board Linda Brown sues Topeka KS school district. Said that going to segregated school made her feel inferior Supreme Court rules Separate but Equal unconstitutional. Segregation must end “with all deliberate speed”

Brown v. Board Reactions Many African Americans rejoiced Most whites accepting of decision Segregationalists vow to disobey decision

Little Rock Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus says that he can not keep order under integration. Orders National Guard to turn 9 black students away Eisenhower sends in US troops to escort students.

Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man. Boycott organized by MLK Supreme Court rules that bus segregation unconstitutional.

Birmingham Birmingham most segregated city in America 40% Black population Eugene “Bull” Connor in charge of Birmingham police Dogs Fire Hoses Cattle Prods

Birmingham MLK and 900 others arrested Most under the age of 30 TV broadcasts showed the nation how protestors were treated Birmingham integrates all facilities

MLK and Non-Violence Born 1929 in Atlanta, GA Baptist Minister MLK helps to found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference Organized non-violent protests in the south Assassinated in 1968

MLK Clip Where is the speech taking place at? Who is the audience? Why does King focus on Alabama? Why is the Civil Rights movement important to America’s image during the Cold War?

Malcolm X and Black Nationalism Followed Nation of Islam Believed in a separate African American identity Opposed integration “ By any means necessary” Killed in NYC

MLK and Malcolm X How did MLK and Malcolm X differ in their views on religion? How did the two differ on integration? How did they differ on the methods they were willing to use to achieve equal rights? In your opinion, why do these differences exist?

Civil Rights Groups NAACP Worked to end segregation through legal battles CORE Congress of Racial Equality Organized confrontations with Segregationalists SNCC Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee Organized students against segregation

Sit Ins Lunch counters segregated Black and white students joined to occupy white lunch counters across the South Sit ins often met with violence

Freedom Rides 1960 Supreme Court calls for integration of all interstate buses CORE and SNCC send riders to test the Southern States Buses attacked and riders beaten Government Agents and Reporters harmed in attack

Review Questions Why was the ruling of Brown v. Board important to the Civil Rights Movement? How did Eisenhower force integration in Little Rock Arkansas? What event lead to the Montgomery Bus Boycott? How did the beliefs and methods Malcolm X and MLK differ? What were two methods of protests used to bring attention to the Civil Rights Movement?

Bell Ringer How did the methods of Malcolm X differ from those of MLK? List two forms of peaceful protest as discussed in class yesterday.

Political Action Truman Integrated military Fought for anti-lynching laws Democrats split Southern Democrats create new party known as “Dixiecrats” led by Sen. Strom Thurmond of SC

Eisenhower Civil Rights Act of 1957: Aimed at increasing voting among African Americans Strom Thurmond longest filibuster in US history Operation Wetback Deported hundreds of Latinos to Mexico

Kennedy Appoints Thurgood Marshall First African American Supreme Court Justice Signed equal housing bills into law Never actually proposed any real legislation until 1963

Johnson Civil Rights Act of 1964 Passed to “honor” JFK “ We’ve lost the South for a generation” Banned the use of race based voting standards Prohibited discrimination in public services Withheld federal funds from any program that practiced discrimination

Fighting to Vote: Selma African American voters in Selma, AL arrested while waiting in line King organizes march from Selma to the capitol of Montgomery 3,200 People show up Johnson sends in troops to protect the march from local police

Fighting to Vote Freedom Summer Students and volunteers spend the summer of 1964 registering African Americans in the South Only 20% of African Americans registered to vote

Johnson 24 th Amendment Outlawed poll taxes Voting Rights Act of 1965 Put elections in the hands of federal employees

Nixon’s Southern Strategy Worked for integration “ Racism is America’s greatest failure” Focused on white voters Only needed 10% of black vote to win Emphasized states’ and gun rights

Types of Segregation De Jure Segregation: Segregation by law Outlawed completely in 1964 De facto Segregation: As a matter of fact Does it still exist? De facto

Violence in the Movement Black Panthers: Militant political group focused on uniting the black community. Fought police brutality and financial oppression Watts Riot Racial issues spark riots in Los Angeles

Women’s Liberation Betty Friedan writes the Feminine Mystic Talks about the plight of the housewife Women begin to question their role in society

Review 1. For each president, write one sentence explaining how they impacted the Civil Rights movement. Truman Eisenhower JFK LBJ Nixon 2. How are de facto and de jure segregation different?

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