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![Course Policy :
Policy for the distribution of marks and examination is as follows
Programming Fundamentals is a 4 credit hour course 4 ( 3 – 1 ).
3 Credits of theory and 1 Credit hour of practical.
MarksPassing Marks
Attendance, Class Work, Assignments and Quizzes [ 12 Marks ]
Midterm Examination [ 18 Marks ] 24 Marks
Final Examination [ 20 Marks ]
Practical Examination [ 20 Marks ] 08 Marks
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1 Introduction to Programming and flow charts
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- 2. Course Policy : Policy for the distribution of marks and examination is as follows Programming Fundamentals is a 4 credit hour course 4 ( 3 – 1 ). 3 Credits of theory and 1 Credit hour of practical. MarksPassing Marks Attendance, Class Work, Assignments and Quizzes [ 12 Marks ] Midterm Examination [ 18 Marks ] 24 Marks Final Examination [ 20 Marks ] Practical Examination [ 20 Marks ] 08 Marks }
- 3. Learning Philosophy Lecturesprovide the first pass at course materials. They provide preliminary understanding and knowledge. Labs provide a more interactive environment which helps to clarify further understanding of the course materials. This activity also provides first hand implementation of problems using C/C++. Assignments provide more complicated exercises to understand the concepts of the course. Implementation of a problem re-inforces the concepts of writing a program in C. Quiz and Examinations test your knowledge of the course materials covered.
- 4. Remember This courseis for you! This course will build your strong foundation for upcoming courses of the degree. If you have questions, or any suggestions, please let me know.
- 5. Books Deitel &Deitel :– C++ How to Program Robert Lafore : Object-Oriented Programming in C++
- 6. Course Objectives : Objectives of this course are three fold To appreciate the need for a programming language To introduce the concept and usability of the structured programming methodology To develop proficiency in making useful software using the C language. This is the basic course of programming, but its lessons extend to any language you might want to learn.
- 7. What is aComputer A Computer is an Electronic Device, Which takes input, process that input and output/Display/store the results.
- 8. Computer Hardware vsSoftware Hardware are Physical Devices Software are Programs that governs the functioning of the computer
- 9. Remember Computers are STUPID The computer only knows what the programmer tells it to do Humans are even more…
- 10. What is aprogram Definition: "A program is a precise sequence of steps to solve a particular problem.” It means that when we say that we have a program, it actually means that we know about a complete set activities to be performed in a particular order. The purpose of these activities is to solve a given problem.
- 11. Program design recipe Learning to design programs is like learning to play soccer. A player must learn to trap a ball, to dribble with a ball, to pass, and to shoot a ball. Once the player knows those basic skills, the next goals are to learn To play a position, To play certain strategies, To choose among feasible strategies, and, on occasion, To create variations of a strategy because none fits.
- 12. Why Programming isimportant Learning to program is important because it develops analytical and problem solving abilities. It is a creative activity and provides us a mean to express abstract ideas. Thus programming is fun and is much more than a vocational skill. By designing programs, we learn many skills that are important for all professions. These skills can be summarized as: Critical reading Analytical thinking Creative synthesis
- 13. What skills areneeded Programming is an important activity as people life and living depends on the programs one make. Hence while programming one should Paying attention to detail Think about the reusability. Think about user interface Understand the fact the computers are stupid Comment the code liberally
- 14. Programming Tools 1. Algorithms 2.Pseudo code 3. Flowchart
- 15. 1. Algorithm Stepby step method of performing any task is called as Algorithm. Breaking up a big task in to smaller steps to make it easy to perform. Brushing teeth, making tea, getting ready for school/office are examples of some sort of algorithms . Each step of the algorithm is called as Instruction. Algorithms are key to solving many problems efficiently.
- 16. Algorithm Example Exampleof making tea : Begin Boil water Put tea powder in the kettle Pour boiled water in the kettle Wait for three minutes Boil milk Put boiled milk in a cup Add sugar to the cup Empty the kettle in the cup Stir the cup with a spoon End
- 17. 2-Pseudo code Pseudomeans “pretended” / “not real” A program design technique that uses English like words. Has no formal syntactical rules. The idea is to represent the algorithm in a form that is in between pure English and actual Running code. Actually it’s one of the way for expression of Algorithm. It is a written statement of an algorithm using a restricted and well- defined vocabulary
- 18. Pseudo code Vocabulary 1. Input/output 2. Iteration 3. Selection/Decision 4. Processing
- 19. seudo code -Input/output Input INPUT, READ Used to get values from a data source, for example from a keyboard INPUT age Output DISPLAY, PRINT, WRITE Used to output values to a data sink, a screen or printer DISPLAY new_value
- 20. seudo code -Iteration or Loop FOR <var> = <start value> to <stop value> LOOP statement(s) END LOOP FOR count = 1 to 10 LOOP DISPLAY count END LOOP
- 21. Example Original ProgramSpecification Write a program that obtains two numbers from the user. It will print out the sum of those numbers. Pseudo code DISPLAY the message to enter the first integer READ user’s first integer input DISPLAY the message to enter the second integer READ user’s second integer input COMPUTE first integer + second integer GIVING sum DISPLAY an output message that explains the answer as the sum DISPLAY the sum
- 22. 3-Flow Chart Logicdiagram to describe each step that the program must perform to arrive at the solution. Flow Chart is a popular logic tool used for showing an algorithm in graphics form. Programmer prepares flowchart before coding. Most common flowchart symbols are: Flow line Terminal Input/Ouput Decision Processing
- 23. Purpose of Flowcharting An aid in developing the logic of a program. Verification that all possible conditions have been considered in a program. Provides means of communication with others about the program. A guide in coding the program. Documentation for the program.
- 24. Example of Flowchart: Make a flow chart to output a person Can live alone or not based on their weekly pay per hour.
- 25. Program Development Process Designing and Analyzing Problem Designing the Algorithm Coding or Writing the Program Testing The Program Final Documentation
- 26. Programming Languages Setof words, symbols and codes used to write programs is called Programming Languages. Low Level Programming Languages (Close to Machine ) 1. Machine Language 2. Assembly Language High Level Programming Languages ( Close to Human ) 1. Procedural Programming Languages 2. Object Oriented Programming Languages 3. Non-Procedural Programming Languages
- 27. Type of Code There are two types of codes Source Code A program written in high level programming language is called source code. Computer cannot understand this code directly. It is converted into object code before execution. Object Code A program in machine language is called object code. Also called machine code. Computers can understand and process this code directly.
- 28. Language Processor Aswe know computers understand only machine language. Program written in any high level language cannot be run on computer directly. It must be converted into machine language before execution. Language processor or Translator are the software's that converts a program into machine language. Language Translators are 1. Compiler 2. Interpreter 3. Assembler
- 29. Programming Techniques StructuredProgramming Sequential Programming Conditional Programming Iterative Programming Function calls Object Oriented Programming Event Driven Programming Visual Programming
- 30. C Programming Language Developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at AT & T Bell Labs (American Telephone & Telegraph Company) Very widely used general purpose programming language Available on many machines and operating systems Design to be flexible and powerful Originally a replacement for assembly language (middlelevel) C requires extreme care in programming C++ is a superset of C
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- 32. Try more exercisesand more practice
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- 34. Do the labsand assignments by yourself
- 35. Be patient with themachine
- 36. If you reallyneed that, do it quietly ... 13
- 37. 3/3/2018 Programming Fundamental-I 14 Please don’tgo to home with a bundle of questions in your mind!