Nature Reviews Immunology Immunology is a diverse and growing discipline that can be defined as the study of the tissues, cells and molecules involved in host defence mechanisms, how the body defends itself against disease, and what happens when it all goes wrong. Nature Reviews Immunology provides in-depth coverage of this field, from fundamental mechanisms to translational aspects of basic research, and reviews the field’s most important developments. All Review and Perspective articles are carefully commissioned by the editors and written by leaders in the field. Articles are subject to rigorous peer review and provide high-quality and authoritative coverage of the field in each issue. Articles are carefully tailored by the editors to provide accessible information for non-specialists, and this is additionally enhanced with the use of Glossary terms and highlighted references. Each issue also contains Research Highlight articles – short pieces written by the editors that summarize the results from recent hot research papers. http://feeds.nature.com/nri/rss/current Nature Publishing Group en © 2025 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. Nature Reviews Immunology © 2025 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. [email protected]
  • Nature Reviews Immunology https://www.nature.com/uploads/product/nri/rss.gif http://feeds.nature.com/nri/rss/current <![CDATA[Astroimmunology: the effects of spaceflight and its associated stressors on the immune system]]> https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01226-6 <![CDATA[
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    Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 16 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01226-6

    As more spaceflight missions plan to take humans back to the moon — and beyond — a key goal is to understand how spaceflight affects the immune system. In this Review, researchers from academia and international space agencies discuss the emergence of the field of ‘astroimmunology’. They outline the main immunological challenges we must overcome to facilitate safe space exploration by humans.]]> <![CDATA[Astroimmunology: the effects of spaceflight and its associated stressors on the immune system]]> Daniel A. WinerHuixun DuJangKeun KimVeronica ChangMarissa BurkeShawn WinerSylvain V. CostesJean-Pol FrippiatClarence SamsAmber M. PaulHonglu WuOliver UllrichSarah BaatoutAfshin BeheshtiChristopher E. MasonAlexander ChoukérBrian E. Crucian doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01226-6 Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 2025-10-16; | doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01226-6 2025-10-16 Nature Reviews Immunology 10.1038/s41577-025-01226-6 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01226-6 <![CDATA[Microenvironmental regulation of solid tumour resistance to CAR T cell therapy]]> https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01229-3 <![CDATA[

    Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 14 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01229-3

    The tumour microenvironment (TME) poses a significant obstacle to the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy in solid tumours. Here, the authors detail how both cellular and non-cellular components of the TME contribute to tumour resistance against CAR T cell therapy, and explore emerging strategies aimed at overcoming these barriers in order to enhance the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy.]]>     <![CDATA[Microenvironmental regulation of solid tumour resistance to CAR T cell therapy]]> Zachary L. LamplughNils WellhausenCarl H. JuneYi Fan doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01229-3 Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 2025-10-14; | doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01229-3 2025-10-14 Nature Reviews Immunology 10.1038/s41577-025-01229-3 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01229-3     <![CDATA[Targeting organelle function in T cells for cancer immunotherapy]]> https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01223-9 <![CDATA[

    Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 09 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01223-9

    In this Review, the authors discuss the latest advances in our understanding of organelle biology in T cell-mediated antitumour immunity and how this knowledge is being used to power the next generation of cancer immunotherapy applications through pharmacological or genetic manipulation of organelles and intercellular organelle transfer or organelle transplantation.]]>     <![CDATA[Targeting organelle function in T cells for cancer immunotherapy]]> Jeremy G. BaldwinChristoph Heuser-LoyLuca Gattinoni doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01223-9 Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 2025-10-09; | doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01223-9 2025-10-09 Nature Reviews Immunology 10.1038/s41577-025-01223-9 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01223-9     <![CDATA[Autoimmune T cells identified in ALS]]> https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01233-7 <![CDATA[

    Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 08 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01233-7

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is associated with CD4+ T cells that are specific for the C9orf72 autoantigen and preferentially produce IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10.]]>     <![CDATA[Autoimmune T cells identified in ALS]]> Yvonne Bordon doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01233-7 Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 2025-10-08; | doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01233-7 2025-10-08 Nature Reviews Immunology 10.1038/s41577-025-01233-7 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01233-7     <![CDATA[ILC2–neuron cross-talk regulates pain sensitivity and gait]]> https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01235-5 <![CDATA[

    Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 07 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01235-5

    Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are crucial for maintaining nerve structure and pain thresholds.]]>     <![CDATA[ILC2–neuron cross-talk regulates pain sensitivity and gait]]> Alexandra Flemming doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01235-5 Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 2025-10-07; | doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01235-5 2025-10-07 Nature Reviews Immunology 10.1038/s41577-025-01235-5 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01235-5     <![CDATA[Proteotoxic shock is a mechanistic driver of T cell exhaustion]]> https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01236-4 <![CDATA[

    Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 07 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01236-4

    A proteotoxic stress response specific to exhausted T cells represents a target for cancer immunotherapy.]]>     <![CDATA[Proteotoxic shock is a mechanistic driver of T cell exhaustion]]> Alexandra Flemming doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01236-4 Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 2025-10-07; | doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01236-4 2025-10-07 Nature Reviews Immunology 10.1038/s41577-025-01236-4 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01236-4     <![CDATA[<i>Enterobacteriaceae-</i>derived cadaverine manipulates gut macrophage metabolism]]> https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01234-6 <![CDATA[

    Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 07 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01234-6

    Depending on context and concentration, the polyamine cadaverine can promote pro- or anti-inflammatory macrophage polarizations.]]>     <![CDATA[<i>Enterobacteriaceae-</i>derived cadaverine manipulates gut macrophage metabolism]]> Alexandra Flemming doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01234-6 Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 2025-10-07; | doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01234-6 2025-10-07 Nature Reviews Immunology 10.1038/s41577-025-01234-6 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01234-6     <![CDATA[The promise of immunotherapy for central nervous system tumours]]> https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01227-5 <![CDATA[

    Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 06 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01227-5

    This Review explains how an improved understanding of immune and nervous system interactions in the central nervous system (CNS) has guided the use of immunotherapies (including chimeric antigen receptor T cells, oncolytic viruses, cancer vaccines and immune-checkpoint inhibitors) to treat CNS tumours. The authors highlight the outcomes of clinical trials that have used immunotherapy to treat primary brain cancers and provide a perspective on future directions for the field.]]>     <![CDATA[The promise of immunotherapy for central nervous system tumours]]> Jasia MahdiVrunda TrivediMichelle Monje doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01227-5 Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 2025-10-06; | doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01227-5 2025-10-06 Nature Reviews Immunology 10.1038/s41577-025-01227-5 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-025-01227-5