Type III secretions systems (T3SSs) are major bacterial virulence factors responsible for secretion and injection of protein effectors into host cells. New structures illuminate their ring structure and identify novel ring-mediating structural scaffolds.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References
Cornelis, G.R. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 4, 811â825 (2006).
Hodgkinson, J.L. et al. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 16, 477â485 (2009).
Spreter, T. et al. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 16, 468â476 (2009).
Marlovits, T.C. et al. Science 306, 1040â1042 (2004).
Yip, C.K. et al. Nature 435, 702â707 (2005).
André, I., Bradley, P., Wang, C. & Baker, D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 17656â17661 (2007).
Fronzes, R. et al. Science 323, 266â268 (2009).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Waksman, G. Going round in circles: the structural biology of type III secretion systems. Nat Struct Mol Biol 16, 459â460 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0509-459
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0509-459