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Significance and Use 5.1 Qualitative and quantitative fiber identification is actively pursued by committee RA24 (Fiber Identification) of AATCC and presented in AATCC Test Methods 20 and 20A. Since precision and bias development is also part of the AATCC test methods, both AATCC and ASTM D13 have agreed that new development will take place in RA24. However, because there is valuable information still present in the ASTM standards, D13.51 has agreed Test MethodsD276 and D629 will be maintained as active standards by ASTM. 5.2 Test Methods D629 for the determination of quantitative analysis of textiles may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments but caution is advised since information on between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests as directed in 5.2.1 or in Standard Tables D1909 may be advisable. 5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results using Test Methods D629 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimen should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing began. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias. 5.3 The effects of the various reagents used in the chemical methods on the residual fibers in a blend depend upon the history of the fibers and, unless otherwise stated, are generally too small or too uncertain to warrant the application of correction factors. 5.4 Fiber composition is generally expressed either on the oven-dry mass of the original sample or the oven-dry mass of the clean fiber after the removal of nonfibrous materials. If nonfibrous materials are not first removed from the textile before the fiber analysis is carried out, or if the treatments described in Section 8 are incapable of removing them, any such materials present will increase the percentage of the fiber constituent with which they are removed during the analysis, assuming they are soluble in the solvent used. 5.5 The analytical methods are intended primarily for the separation of binary mixtures of fibers. These procedures may also be used for the analysis of mixtures containing more than two types of fibers by selecting the best combination of methods to use (Table 1). Since a sequence of solvents on a given fiber may produce different results than the expected results from a single solvent, it is advisable to determine the results of such sequential effects when testing multiple fiber blends. It is sometimes more convenient to separate mechanically the yarns in a textile which are of similar types, and then use the appropriate chemical method to analyze each of the components. Table 2 shows the solubilities of the various fibers in different chemical reagents. Method No. 1—80 % acetone(cold) Method No. 2— N-Butyrolactone Method No. 3—90 % formic acid Method No. 4—59.5 % sulfuric acid Method No. 5—70 % sulfuric acid Method No. 6—Sodium hypochlorite solution Method No. 7—Curpammonia solution Method No. 8—Hot xylene Method No. 9—90 % formic acid Method No. 10—N,N-dimethylacetamide S = Soluble PS = Partially Soluble SS = Slightly Soluble (a correction factor may be applied) I = Insoluble 1. Scope 1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the determination of the fiber blend composition of mixtures of the fibers listed in 1.2. Procedures for quantitative estimation of the amount of moisture and certain nonfibrous materials in textiles are also described, for use in the analysis of mixtures, but these are not the primary methods for the determination of moisture content for commercial weights. 1.2 These test methods cover procedures for the following fiber types: 1.2.1 Natural Fibers: 1.2.1.1 Cellulose-Base Fibers: Cotton Hemp Flax Ramie 1.2.1.2 Protein-Base Fibers: Animal hairs (other than wool) Silk, cultivated Silk, Tussah Wool 1.2.2 Man-Made Fibers: 1.2.2.1 Cellulose-Base Fibers: Acetate (secondary) Rayon, viscose or cuprammonium Triacetate 1.2.2.2 Synthetic-Base Fibers: Acrylic Aramid Modacrylic Nylon 6, Nylon 6-6, others Olefin Polyester Spandex 1.3 These test methods include the following sections and tables: Section Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Methods 4 Uses and Significance 5 Sampling 7 Purity of Reagents 6 Moisture Content or Moisture Regain 9 Nonfibrous Materials 8 Mechanical Separation or Dissection 10 Chemical Test Methods: Summary of Methods 11 Specimens and Symbols 12 No. 1 Acetate Mixed With Other Fibers 13 No. 2 Modacrylic Mixed With Cellulosic Fiber or Wool 14 No. 3 Nylon 6 or Nylon 6-6 Mixed With Natural Fibers or Rayon 15 No. 4 Rayon Mixed With Cotton 16 No. 5 Wool or Polyester Mixed With Cellulosic Fibers or Silk 17 No. 6 Polyester or Acrylic Mixed With Wool 18 No. 7 Natural Cellulosic Material and Rayon Mixed With Acrylic, Modacrylic, and Polyester 19 No. 8 Polyester Mixed With Olefin 20 No. 9 Polyester Mixed With Acetate or Nylon 6,6-6 21 No. 10 Acrylic Fiber or Linear Spandex Mixed With Nylon or Polyester 22 Microscopical Analysis Scope 23 Summary of Method 24 Sampling 26 Apparatus 25 Procedure 27 Keywords 28 Table Chemical Methods for Analysis of Fiber Mixtures 1 Solubilities of Various Fibers in Solvents Used in Chemical 2 Fineness Ranges and Fiber Diameters of Various Textile Fibers 3 Density and Moisture Regain of Common Fiber Types 4 1.4 The analytical procedures described in the test methods are applicable to the fibers listed in 1.2. The test methods are not satisfactory for the separation of mixtures containing fibers that fall within the same generic class but differ somewhat, either physically or chemically, from each other. These test methods are not satisfactory for the determination of bicomponent fibers. Note 1: For other methods of analysis covering specific determinations, refer to: Test Methods D461, Test Method D584, Methods D885, Test Method D1113, Test Method D1334, and Test Method D2130. Methods for moisture are covered in Methods D885, Test Method D1576, Test Method D2462, Test Method D2495 and Test Methods D2654. For the determination of commercial weight, refer to Test Method D2494. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ASTM Standards D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles D276 Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles D461 Test Methods for Felt D584 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool--Laboratory Scale D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers D1113 Test Method for Vegetable Matter and Other Alkali-Insoluble Impurities in Scoured Wool D1193 Specification for Reagent Water D1334 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool--Commercial Scale D1576 Test Method for Moisture in Wool by Oven-Drying D1909 Standard Tables of Commercial Moisture Regains and Commercial Allowances for Textile Fibers D2130 Test Method for Diameter of Wool and Other Animal Fibers by Microprojection D2462 Test Method for Moisture in Wool by Distillation With Toluene D2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of Yarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or Tow D2495 Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-Drying D2654 Test Method for Moisture in Textiles D4920 Terminology Relating to Conditioning, Chemical, and Thermal Properties AATCC Method ICS Code ICS Number Code 59.080.01 (Textiles in general) UNSPSC Code UNSPSC Code 11151500(Fibers) DOI: 10.1520/D0629-15 Citation Format ASTM D629-15, Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org
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ASTM D629 - 15
Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
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