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Kourou ELA1

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First Launch: 1979-12-24. Last Launch: 1989-07-12. Number: 25 . Longitude: -52.7747 deg. Latitude: 5.2358 deg.

Spacecraft: Oscar, STV 4, Spacebus 100, Sirio, ECS/OTS, Meteosat, CAT, Firewheel, HS 376, Intelsat 5, Insat 1, AS 3000, Intelsat 5A, Giotto, SPOT-1-2-3, Viking (Sweden), Spacebus 300, Eurostar 2000, Olympus. Launch Vehicles: Nike Cajun, M-100, Europa II, Ariane 1, Ariane 2, Ariane 3. Launch Sites: Kourou.

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Europa F-11 / STV 4 - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ELDO. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: STV 4. Spacecraft: STV 4. Decay Date: 1971-11-05 . Apogee: 27 km (16 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 68 km (42 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 79 km (49 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

• CAT 1 - . Payload: CAT 01. Mass: 1,602 kg (3,531 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: CAT. Spacecraft: CAT. Decay Date: 1982-11-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 11645 . COSPAR: 1979-104A. Apogee: 14,047 km (8,728 mi). Perigee: 125 km (77 mi). Inclination: 17.8000 deg. Period: 259.10 min.

  Launch vehicle test. Technological Capsule (CAT). ESA registration number: ESA/79/2. Principal mission of the technological capsule (with ballast), which was equipped with batteries having a lifetime of approximately 8 orbits, was to transmit back to earth technological data on the first developmental flight L01 of the ARIANE launch vehicle. When the batteries were exhausted, the capsule ended its radio transmissions, and it is now inoperative but still in orbit.

• Firewheel - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Firewheel. Spacecraft: Firewheel. Decay Date: 1980-05-23 .

• Feuerrad subsatellite 4 - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft Bus: Firewheel. Spacecraft: Firewheel.

• Feuerrad subsatellite 3 - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft Bus: Firewheel. Spacecraft: Firewheel.

• Feuerrad subsatellite 2 - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft Bus: Firewheel. Spacecraft: Firewheel.

• Feuerrad subsatellite 1 - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft Bus: Firewheel. Spacecraft: Firewheel.

• CAT - . Payload: CAT. Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft Bus: CAT. Spacecraft: CAT.

• Amsat Phase 3A - . Payload: Amsat Phase 3A. Nation: USA. Agency: ESA. Program: Oscar. Spacecraft Bus: Oscar. Spacecraft: Oscar. The satellite never obtained orbit. Weight 92.2 kg. Mode B (435 MHz uplink and 145 MHz downlink) transponder and 145 MHz beacon. VHF and UHF helix wide beam antenna..

• Meteosat 2 - . Mass: 697 kg (1,536 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteosat. Spacecraft: Meteosat. Completed Operations Date: 1991-12-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 12544 . COSPAR: 1981-057A. Apogee: 36,329 km (22,573 mi). Perigee: 36,124 km (22,446 mi). Inclination: 11.1000 deg. Period: 1,458.60 min.

  Meteosat 2 is a geostationary meteorological satellite, operating within the world wide network of the World Weather Watch of WMO. Its main missions are: Imaging in the visible, IR and water vapour region of the spectrum; data reception from so-called dat a collection platforms (DCPs); data distribution to meteorological services and other interested parties (research institutes etc). Launch time 1233:03 UT. Geostationary position 0 deg E. Designator ESA/81/03. As of 3 September 2001 located at 58.52 deg W drifting at 5.577 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 125.67W drifting at 5.583W degrees per day.

• CAT 3 - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: CAT. Spacecraft: CAT. USAF Sat Cat: 12546 . COSPAR: 1981-057C. Apogee: 26,528 km (16,483 mi). Perigee: 261 km (162 mi). Inclination: 10.7000 deg. Period: 461.20 min.

  Launch vehicle test payload. Technological capsule. ESA registration ESA/81/02. Launch time 1233:03 UT. The technological capsule, equipped with batteries for a lifetime of about six orbital revolutions, transmits to earth technological data about test flight L-03 of ARIANE. After di scharge of the battery the capsule will stop its transmissions and remain in orbit on inactive status. Frequency 136-138 MHz (transmission until 65h after launch only). Projected time of reentry 1986.

• Apple - . Mass: 1,170 kg (2,570 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Insat 1. Spacecraft: Insat 1. Completed Operations Date: 1983-09-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 12545 . COSPAR: 1981-057B. Apogee: 35,945 km (22,335 mi). Perigee: 35,752 km (22,215 mi). Inclination: 10.0000 deg. Period: 1,439.30 min.

  Experimental communications satellite. Geosynchronous altitude, longitude 10 deg East. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 102 deg E in 1981-1982 As of 31 August 2001 located at 42.73 deg W drifting at 0.834 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 39.31E drifting at 0.875W degrees per day.

• Tech. capsule - . Payload: CAT/Thesee. Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: CAT. Spacecraft: CAT. Decay Date: 1988-11-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 13025 . COSPAR: 1981-122C. Apogee: 36,051 km (22,401 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 10.6000 deg. Period: 636.00 min.

  Ariane L-04 technological capsule, ESA designator ESA/81/04. The technological capsule, equipped with batteries for a lifetime of about 6 orbital revolutions (65h), transmits to earth technological data about test flight L-04 of Ariane. After discharge of the battery the capsule will stop its transmissions and remain in orbit in an inactive status. Frequency 136-138 MHz, projected time of reentry before 1990.

• MARECS 1 - . Payload: MARECS A. Mass: 582 kg (1,283 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Program: MARECS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: ECS/OTS. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1996-08-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 13010 . COSPAR: 1981-122A. Apogee: 37,858 km (23,523 mi). Perigee: 36,782 km (22,855 mi). Inclination: 10.8000 deg. Period: 1,515.20 min.

  MARECS-A was a geostationary maritime communications satellite, which formed part of INMARSAT's world-wide maritime communications satellite network. MARECS-A moved to a new position on the geostationary orbit. Old position: 334E. New position: 22.5 E. The Marecs satellites were members of Inmarsat's first generation global maritime communications network. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 26 deg W in 1982-1986; 178 deg E in 1986-1991; 20 deg E in 1991-1992; 22 deg E in 1992-1996 As of 1 September 2001 located at 11.08 deg W drifting at 18.839 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 168.28W drifting at 18.837W degrees per day. Additional Details: here....

• CAT 4 - . Payload: MARECS 1 / CAT 4. Mass: 217 kg (478 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: CAT. Spacecraft: CAT. USAF Sat Cat: 13011 . COSPAR: 1981-122B. Apogee: 30,744 km (19,103 mi). Perigee: 259 km (160 mi). Inclination: 10.4000 deg. Period: 536.80 min. Launch vehicle test payload. .

• MARECS B - . Payload: MARECS B. Mass: 1,490 kg (3,280 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Program: MARECS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: ECS/OTS. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Decay Date: 1982-09-10 . Marecs B intended for maritime communications, planned for lease to Inmarsat; launched with Sirio 2. Geosynch orbit..

• Sirio 2 - . Payload: Sirio 2. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Program: MARECS. Spacecraft Bus: Sirio. Spacecraft: SIRIO.

• Eutelsat 1 - . Payload: ECS 1. Mass: 1,050 kg (2,310 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: ECS/OTS. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1996-12-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 14128 . COSPAR: 1983-058A. Apogee: 36,246 km (22,522 mi). Perigee: 36,123 km (22,445 mi). Inclination: 9.2000 deg. Period: 1,456.50 min.

  Designator ESA/83/4. Launch time 1159 GMT. Launch agency ESA. Geostationary position 10+/- 0.1 deg E. EUTELSAT 1 is a regional geostationary telecommunication Satellite for European countries. It is operated by the EUTELSAT organization. Frequency plan: 1 36-138 MHz (S-E). 148-149.9 MHz (E-S). 10.7-11.7 GHz (S-E). 14-14.5 GHz (E-S). Positions: Document Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1983; 13 deg E in 1983-1989; 16 deg E in 1989-1991; 25 deg E in 1992-1993; 48E1993-1996; 36 deg E in 1996 As of 31 August 2001 located at 12.27 deg W drifting at 5.043 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 109.78W drifting at 5.059W degrees per day.

• Oscar 10 - . Payload: Phase 3B. Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: AmSat. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Oscar. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 14129 . COSPAR: 1983-058B. Apogee: 35,442 km (22,022 mi). Perigee: 4,007 km (2,489 mi). Inclination: 27.2000 deg. Period: 699.50 min.

  AMSAT Oscar 10, registration no D-R 001. Scientific and communication satellite for the amateur radio service. Frequency plan: Transponder U: 435.1 MHz (uplink), 145.9 MHz (downlink), Bandwidth +/- 75 kHz. Transponder L: 1269.45 MHz (uplink), 436.55 MHz ( downlink), bandwidth +/- 400 kHz. Two beacons adjacent to passband. Launch vehicle Ariane L6. First amateur satellite with onboard propulsion (which did not function entirely correctly, due to collision with launch vehicle after separation - hence the not-quite-Molniya-orbit). Computer control failed December 1986 due to radiation damage to memory. As a result, ground control stations have no control over the spacecraft. However, when the orientation is favourable (with respect to the Earth and Sun), OSCAR 10 continues to provide good Mode B service. If users coorperate, OSCAR 10 may provide many more years of service. Project Management: AMSAT-NA (Jan King, W3GEY) and AMSAT-DL (Karl Meinzer, DJ4ZC). Spacecraft sub-systems: Contributed by groups in Canada, Hungary, Japan, United States and West Germany. Spacecraft: Spin Stabilised with Magnetorquers: Power: 50 W solar array, 2 NiCd batteries. Payload: Transponders/Beacons: Mode B: Type: Linear, inverting, 50W; General Beacon: 145.809 MHz (Carrier); Engineering Beacon: 145.987 MHz; Uplink: 435.030-435.180 MHz; Downlink: 145.975-145.825 MHz. Mode L (no longer operational): Type: Linear, inverting, 50W: Beacons: 436.020, 436.040 MHz; Uplink 1269.450 MHz (800 kHz); Downlink 436.550 MHz.

• Intelsat 5 F-7 - . Mass: 1,928 kg (4,250 lb). Nation: International. Agency: INTELSAT. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Intelsat 5. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5. Completed Operations Date: 1996-07-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 14421 . COSPAR: 1983-105A. Apogee: 35,972 km (22,351 mi). Perigee: 35,928 km (22,324 mi). Inclination: 8.5000 deg. Period: 1,444.50 min.

  Ariane third stage. Launched by European Space Agency. Launch time 0045:36 GMT. Launched spacecraft Intelsat V F7. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 60 deg E in 1984-1985; 66 deg E in 1985-1991; 57 deg E in 1991-1995; 47 deg E in 1995-1996 As of 28 August 2001 located at 140.34 deg E drifting at 2.062 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 88.83W drifting at 2.097W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 5 F-8 - . Mass: 1,928 kg (4,250 lb). Nation: International. Agency: INTELSAT. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Intelsat 5. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5. Completed Operations Date: 1994-12-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 14786 . COSPAR: 1984-023A. Apogee: 36,755 km (22,838 mi). Perigee: 36,531 km (22,699 mi). Inclination: 8.2000 deg. Period: 1,480.10 min. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg W in 1984-1985; 180 deg E in 1985-1994 As of 28 August 2001 located at 164.20 deg W drifting at 10.735 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 110.10E drifting at 10.740W degrees per day..

• Spacenet F1 - . Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: AS 3000. Spacecraft: AS 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 14985 . COSPAR: 1984-049A. Apogee: 35,897 km (22,305 mi). Perigee: 35,840 km (22,260 mi). Inclination: 4.9000 deg. Period: 1,440.30 min.

  Stationed at 120 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 120 deg W in 1984-1993; 115 deg E in 1993-on. As of 2 September 2001 located at 165.12 deg E drifting at 0.985 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 109.23W drifting at 1.077W degrees per day.

• Eutelsat 2 - . Payload: ECS 2. Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: ECS/OTS. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1993-11-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 15158 . COSPAR: 1984-081A. Apogee: 36,248 km (22,523 mi). Perigee: 36,165 km (22,471 mi). Inclination: 3.0000 deg. Period: 1,457.60 min.

  Stationed at 7 deg E. Launch time 1333 UT. Geostationary orbit position 10 +/- 0.1; afterwards 7 +/- 0.1 deg E. EUTELSAT 2 is a regional geostationary satellite for European countries. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1984; 7 deg E in 1984-1990; 2 deg E in 1991; 1 deg E in 1992-1993 As of 5 September 2001 located at 62.27 deg W drifting at 5.317 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 57.69E drifting at 5.323W degrees per day.

• Telecom 1A - . Mass: 690 kg (1,520 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: ECS/OTS. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1992-09-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 15159 . COSPAR: 1984-081B. Apogee: 36,459 km (22,654 mi). Perigee: 36,179 km (22,480 mi). Inclination: 8.5000 deg. Period: 1,463.40 min.

  Stationed at 8 deg W. Communications satellite. Registration France 1984-2.B (Telecom 1A) 1985-2.B (Telecom 1B). 1988-1-C (Telecom 1C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 8 deg W in 1984-1992 As of 4 September 2001 located at 142.83 deg W drifting at 6.735 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 11.08W drifting at 6.728W degrees per day.

• Spacenet F2 - . Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: AS 3000. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Completed Operations Date: 1998-06-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 15385 . COSPAR: 1984-114A. Apogee: 35,962 km (22,345 mi). Perigee: 35,904 km (22,309 mi). Inclination: 4.2000 deg. Period: 1,443.60 min.

  Stationed at 68 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 69 deg W in 1984-1997; 115 deg E in 1997-1998 As of 5 September 2001 located at 65.20 deg E drifting at 1.887 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 64.76W drifting at 1.866W degrees per day.

• MARECS 2 - . Payload: MARECS B2. Mass: 563 kg (1,241 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Program: MARECS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: ECS/OTS. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. USAF Sat Cat: 15386 . COSPAR: 1984-114B. Apogee: 37,544 km (23,328 mi). Perigee: 36,556 km (22,714 mi). Inclination: 9.9000 deg. Period: 1,501.10 min.

  Stationed at 177.5 deg E; maritime communications; leased by Inmarsat. Geostationary position 177.5 deg E. MARECS PAC 1 is a geostationary maritime mobile communication satellite which will form part of the INMARSAT world-wide maritime communication satellite network. 1985 Jul 1. Move to a new position. Old position: 177.5E. New position: 345 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 177 deg E in 1984-1986; 26 deg W in 1986-1990; 55 deg W in 1990-1992; 15 deg W in 1992-1997; 26 deg W in 1997-on. As of 4 September 2001 located at 25.98 deg W drifting at 0.006 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 105.63W drifting at 15.647W degrees per day.

• Arabsat 1A - . Mass: 532 kg (1,172 lb). Nation: Arab States. Agency: Arabsat. Program: Arabsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Spacebus 100. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Completed Operations Date: 1992-07-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 15560 . COSPAR: 1985-015A. Apogee: 35,753 km (22,215 mi). Perigee: 35,724 km (22,197 mi). Inclination: 8.2000 deg. Period: 1,433.70 min. Stationed at 19 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1985-1991 As of 27 August 2001 located at 76.76 deg E drifting at 0.635 deg E per day. As of 2007 Feb 28 located at 87.85E drifting at 0.629E degrees per day..

• Brasilsat A1 - . Mass: 671 kg (1,479 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Telebras. Program: Brasilsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: HS 376. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 15561 . COSPAR: 1985-015B. Apogee: 35,999 km (22,368 mi). Perigee: 35,983 km (22,358 mi). Inclination: 5.9000 deg. Period: 1,446.60 min.

  Stationed at 65 deg W. Brazilsat 1 & 2 provide telecommunications services to Brazil. Canada's Spar Aerospace was awarded a $125 million contract to build, under license, two satellites based on Hughes' HS-376 design (similar to Anik D). Brazilsat 1 & 2 were the first two elements of Brazil's national Sistema Barasilero de Telecommunicacoes por Satelite (SBTS) network. Spacecraft: Based on Hughes HS-376, single antenna on despun platform, spin stabilised, hydrazine thrusters, body mounted solar cells provide 982 W BOL. Payload: 24 C-band transponders with 6 spares, 10 W TWTA, EIRP >34 dBW over most of Brazilian territory
  Financial/Operational:
  Contract issued in 1990 for 2 units HS-376W. B1-B2 have dedicated transponders for government use. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 65 deg W in 1985-1994; 63 deg W in 1994-1996; 79 deg W in 1996-1998; 144 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 143.96 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 145.69E drifting at 2.591W degrees per day.

• GStar 1 - . Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: AS 3000. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Completed Operations Date: 1997-01-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 15677 . COSPAR: 1985-035A. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,783 km (22,234 mi). Inclination: 0.1000 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 103 deg W. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 103 deg W in 1985-1996; 105 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 105.33 deg W drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 105.07W drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.

• Telecom 1B - . Mass: 690 kg (1,520 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: ECS/OTS. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1988-01-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 15678 . COSPAR: 1985-035B. Apogee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Perigee: 35,764 km (22,222 mi). Inclination: 5.4000 deg. Period: 1,435.50 min.

  Stationed at 5 deg W; business communications. Communications satellite. Registration France 1984-2.B (Telecom 1A) 1985-2.B (Telecom 1B). 1988-1-C (Telecom 1C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg W in 1985-1988 As of 3 September 2001 located at 4.82 deg E drifting at 0.111 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 86.72E drifting at 0.424E degrees per day.

• Giotto - . Mass: 583 kg (1,285 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Comet. Type: Comet probe. Spacecraft Bus: Giotto. Spacecraft: Giotto. USAF Sat Cat: 15875 . COSPAR: 1985-056A. Apogee: 35,807 km (22,249 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 6.9000 deg. Period: 631.51 min.

  Encountered comet Halley March 13, 1986. The Giotto mission was designed to study Comet P/Halley, and also studied Comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup during its extended mission. The spacecraft encountered Halley on March 13, 1986, at a distance of 0.89 AU from the sun and 0.98 AU from the Earth and an angle of 107 degrees from the comet-sun line. The actual closest approach was measured at 596 km. All experiments performed well and returned a wealth of new scientific results, of which perhaps the most important was the clear identification of the cometary nucleus. Fourteen seconds before closest approach, Giotto was hit by a `large' dust particle. The impact caused the spacecraft angular momentum vector to shift 0.9 degrees. Scientific data were received intermittently for the next 32 minutes. Some experiment sensors suffered damage during this 32-minute interval. Other experiments (the camera baffle and deflecting mirror, the dust detector sensors on the front sheet of the bumper shield, and most experiment apertures) were exposed to dust particles regardless of the accident and also suffered damage. Many of the sensors survived the encounter with little or no damage. Questionable or partially damaged sensors included the camera (later proved to not be functional) and one of the plasma analyzers (RPA). Inoperable experiments included the neutral and ion mass spectrometers and one sensor each on the dust detector and the other plasma analyzer (JPA). During the Giotto extended mission, the spacecraft successfully encountered Comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup on July 10, 1992. The closest approach was approximately 200 km. The heliocentric distance of the spacecraft was 1.01 AU, and the geocentric distance, 1.43 AU at the time of the encounter. The payload was switched-on in the evening of July 9. Eight experiments were operated and provided a surprising wealth of data. The Johnstone Plasma Analyser detected the first presence of cometary ions 600,000 km from the nucleus at 12 hours before the closest approach. The Dust Impact Detectors reported the first impact of a fairly large particle at 15:30:56. Bow shocks/waves and acceleration regions were also detected. After the P/Grigg-Skjellerup encounter operation were terminated on 23 July 1992. The spacecraft will fly by the Earth on 1 July 1999.

• Eutelsat 3 - . Payload: ECS 3. Mass: 1,490 kg (3,280 lb). Nation: France. Agency: Eutelsat. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: ECS/OTS. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Launched with Spacenet F3..

• Spacenet F3 - . Mass: 600 kg (1,320 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Arianespace. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: AS 3000. Spacecraft: AS 3000.

• SPOT 1 - . Payload: Spot 1 / Viking. Mass: 1,830 kg (4,030 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Program: SPOT. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: SPOT-1-2-3. Spacecraft: SPOT-1-2-3. USAF Sat Cat: 16613 . COSPAR: 1986-019A. Apogee: 826 km (513 mi). Perigee: 824 km (512 mi). Inclination: 98.7000 deg. Period: 101.40 min. Remote sensing satellite. Registration 1986-1.B.

• Viking - . Payload: Spot 1 / Viking. Mass: 538 kg (1,186 lb). Nation: Sweden. Agency: SSC. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Viking (Sweden). Spacecraft: Viking (Sweden). USAF Sat Cat: 16614 . COSPAR: 1986-019B. Apogee: 13,524 km (8,403 mi). Perigee: 817 km (507 mi). Inclination: 98.8000 deg. Period: 261.60 min.

  Studied magnetic, electric, UV properties of auroral regions. Scientific satellite for the investigation of space plasma physics in the part of the magnetosphere close to the Earth, particularly in connection with the auroral phenomena. The nominal mission period is eight months but an extension can be envisaged. ST /SG/SER.E/167: The satellite Viking has ceased to function on 12 May 1987 due to a gradual degradation of its electrical power supply system. The satellite remains, however, in Earth orbit.

• Intelsat-5A 14 - . Mass: 2,013 kg (4,437 lb). Nation: International. Agency: NOAA. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Intelsat 5. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. Decay Date: 1986-05-03 . Targeted for geosynch orbit..

• Aussat A3 - . Payload: Aussat K3. Mass: 1,195 kg (2,634 lb). Nation: Australia. Agency: Aussat. Program: Aussat. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: HS 376. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 18350 . COSPAR: 1987-078A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.0000 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Australian domestic communications; 164 deg E. Communication satellite. Launching states: Australia and France. Longitude 164 deg E +/- 0.5. (orbit given is geocentric 42164 km, which corresponds to altitude 35787 km). The satellite mass was 655 kg at beginning of life for an Ariane mission only on-station after the apogee motor had fired and station acquisition fuel was expended. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 164 deg E in 1987-1993; 156 deg E in 1993-1995; 152 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 163.96 deg E drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 31.52E drifting at 0.011E degrees per day.

• Eutelsat I F4 - . Payload: ECS 4. Mass: 1,175 kg (2,590 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: ECS/OTS. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. USAF Sat Cat: 18351 . COSPAR: 1987-078B. Apogee: 35,813 km (22,253 mi). Perigee: 35,760 km (22,220 mi). Inclination: 6.7000 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  European communications; 10 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1987-1988; 13 deg E in 1989-1991; 7 deg E in 1991-1993; 25 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 33.14 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 120.92E drifting at 5.702W degrees per day.

• Spacenet F3R - . Payload: Spacenet 3R. Mass: 1,212 kg (2,672 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: France Telecom. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: AS 3000. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Completed Operations Date: 1999-12-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 18951 . COSPAR: 1988-018A. Apogee: 35,980 km (22,350 mi). Perigee: 35,935 km (22,328 mi). Inclination: 2.4000 deg. Period: 1,444.90 min.

  US domestic communications; 87 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 87 deg W in 1988-1997; 83 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 107.85 deg W drifting at 2.220 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 153.60E drifting at 2.179W degrees per day.

• Telecom 1C - . Mass: 1,210 kg (2,660 lb). Nation: France. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Eurostar 2000. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Completed Operations Date: 1996-03-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 18952 . COSPAR: 1988-018B. Apogee: 36,860 km (22,900 mi). Perigee: 36,037 km (22,392 mi). Inclination: 5.5000 deg. Period: 1,470.10 min.

  French domestic communications; 5 deg E. Communications satellite. Registration France 1984-2.B (Telecom 1A) 1985-2.B (Telecom 1B). 1988-1-C (Telecom 1C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg W in 1988-1992; 3 deg E in 1992-1996 As of 5 September 2001 located at 109.19 deg W drifting at 8.404 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 34.65E drifting at 8.341W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 5A F-13 - . Mass: 2,013 kg (4,437 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Intelsat 5. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. USAF Sat Cat: 19121 . COSPAR: 1988-040A. Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.1000 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Replaced Intelsat 5 F-3; 53 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg W in 1988-1995; 177 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 177.08 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 44.56W drifting at 6.109W degrees per day.

• Insat 1C - . Mass: 1,190 kg (2,620 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Insat 1. Spacecraft: Insat 1. Completed Operations Date: 1989-12-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 19330 . COSPAR: 1988-063A. Apogee: 35,814 km (22,253 mi). Perigee: 35,755 km (22,217 mi). Inclination: 9.0000 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min.

  Stationed at 93.5 deg E; also performed communications tasks. Operational multipurpose satellite for telecommunications, meteorological imaging and data relay, radio and television programme distribution and direct television broadcasting for community reception. Geosynchronous orbit longitude 93.5 +/- 0.1 deg east. Launch vehicle Ariane 3 launch vehicle of Arianespace, 24th flight of Ariane and 9th flight of the Ariane 3 version. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in 1988-1989 As of 4 September 2001 located at 58.51 deg E drifting at 0.073 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 80.89E drifting at 0.154W degrees per day.

• Eutelsat I F5 - . Payload: ECS 5. Mass: 1,185 kg (2,612 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: ECS/OTS. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 2000-07-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 19331 . COSPAR: 1988-063B. Apogee: 36,456 km (22,652 mi). Perigee: 36,321 km (22,568 mi). Inclination: 6.1000 deg. Period: 1,466.90 min.

  European communications; 13 deg E. ECS-5/Eutelsat I F5 is a regional geostationary telecommunications satellite for European countries. It is operated by the EUTELSAT organization. Frequency plan 136-138 MHz (S-E), 148-149.9 MHz (E-S), 10.7-11.7 GHz (S-E), 14.0-14.5 GHz (E-S). Launch time 2334:00 UT. ESA designator ESA/88/03. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1989-1991; 21 deg E in 1991-1998; 12 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 48.15 deg E drifting at 7.596 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 102.26W drifting at 7.597W degrees per day.

• TDF-1 - . Payload: TDF 1. Mass: 2,136 kg (4,709 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Program: TDF. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Spacebus 300. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Completed Operations Date: 1996-10-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 19621 . COSPAR: 1988-098A. Apogee: 36,129 km (22,449 mi). Perigee: 36,051 km (22,401 mi). Inclination: 4.8000 deg. Period: 1,451.60 min.

  French DBS; 19 deg W. Direct broadcasting satellite. French registration: TDF-1, 1988-5-B. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1988-1996 As of 1 September 2001 located at 139.53 deg W drifting at 3.885 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 5 located at 16.35W drifting at 3.870W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 5A F-15 - . Mass: 1,977 kg (4,358 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Intelsat 5. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. USAF Sat Cat: 19772 . COSPAR: 1989-006A. Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.0000 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  International communications; 18 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 60 deg E in 1989-1992; 18 deg W in 1992-1996; 22 deg W in 1996-1997; 38 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 37.72 deg W drifting at 0.020 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 153.76E drifting at 4.192W degrees per day.

• TELE-X - . Payload: Tele X. Mass: 2,142 kg (4,722 lb). Nation: Sweden. Agency: NSAB. Program: TELE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Spacebus 300. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Completed Operations Date: 1998-01-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 19919 . COSPAR: 1989-027A. Apogee: 36,128 km (22,448 mi). Perigee: 36,061 km (22,407 mi). Inclination: 4.3000 deg. Period: 1,451.80 min.

  TV, business communications for Nordic countries; 5 deg E. High power telecommunications satellite with a dual mission; direct TV broadcasting and data communications. Four active transponders with two redundant; power output 200 W per transponder. Coverage area - East Nordic coverage zone as defined by ITU (WARC -77). Mission period estimated to be 6 to 8 years. Position 5 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg E in 1989-1998 As of 28 August 2001 located at 138.62 deg W drifting at 3.929 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 132.37W drifting at 3.933W degrees per day.

• Olympus-1 - . Payload: Olympus F1. Mass: 2,595 kg (5,720 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Communications technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Olympus. Spacecraft: Olympus. Completed Operations Date: 1993-08-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 20122 . COSPAR: 1989-053A. Apogee: 35,817 km (22,255 mi). Perigee: 35,758 km (22,218 mi). Inclination: 1.2000 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Commsat technology demonstration;19 deg W. Olympus-1 is a multi-payload communications satellite for direct TV broadcast in the bands of the 1977 Geneva Plan of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) (including a national beam to Italy) plus communication transponde rs in the 14/12 GHz, 2nd 30/20 GHz bands. The latter are also used for a data relay experiment with ESA's EURECA satellite. Position on geostationary orbit 341 deg E. Launch time 0014:00 UT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1989-1991; 19 deg W in 1991-1993 As of 4 September 2001 located at 82.22 deg E drifting at 3.961 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 118.63E drifting at 3.947E degrees per day.