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Italy

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Salto di Quirra Credit: � Mark Wade

People: Cristoforetti, Parmitano, Galileo, Schiaparelli, Valier, Broglio, Fubini, Collins, Cattaneo, Manno, Rossitto, Batalli-Cosmovici, Malerba, Lorenzoni, Santonico, Guidoni, Taccino, Nespoli, Urbani, Ongaro, Cheli, Vittori. Engines: RD-861G. Spacecraft: Almasat, EDUSAT, LARES, Pezzi Suit, Crocco Mars Flyby, Oscar, San Marco satellite, ESRO, SAS, LAGEOS, Sirio, , Italsat, Temisat, TSS, SAX, Megsat, MITA, UniSat, Cubesat, AGILE, Cosmo-SkyMed. Launch Vehicles: Deacon, Atlas, Asp, Thor, Arcas, R-14, Scout, Tomahawk, Alfa, Ariane, PSLV, Vega. Projects: Explorer, STS. Launch Sites: Wallops Island, Kapustin Yar, Cape Canaveral, Vandenberg, Baikonur, Plesetsk, Salto di Quirra, Gioia, San Marco, Kourou, Sriharikota, Taiyuan, Comiso, Kiritimati, Dombarovskiy. Stages: AVUM, Alfa engine, Iris engine, P80, Zefiro 23, Zefiro 9, Zefiro, Zenit C. Agency: ASI, RVSN, CRA, CRS, NASA Greenbelt, DLR, AMSAT, CNR, Mart.

• Galileo Galilei's Discovery of Jupiter Moons Io, Europa and Callisto - . Nation: Italy.

• Galileo Galilei's Discovery of Jupiter Moon Ganymede - . Nation: Italy.

• Galileo Observes Saturn's Rings - . Nation: Italy.

• Giovanni Cassini's Discovery of Saturn Moon Iapetus - . Nation: Italy.

• Giovanni Cassini's Discovery of Saturn Moon Rhea - . Nation: Italy.

• Guiseppe Piazzi's Discovery of the First Asteroid (Ceres) - . Nation: Italy.

• Birth of Max Valier - . Nation: Germany, Italy. Related Persons: Valier. German Austrian engineer and early advocate of the use of rockets for flight. Opel supported Valier's rocket car tests as publicity. Valier died in a rocket motor explosion in 1931..

• Birth of Luigi Broglio - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Broglio. Italian engineer. Leading Italian space engineer. Chairman of the Italian National Committee on Space Research. Conceived and directed the San Marco orbital launch platform off the coast of Kenya, 1964-1988..

• Birth of Eugene G Fubini - . Nation: Italy, USA. Related Persons: Fubini. Italian-American physicist. Worked for the US military in a succession of technical and scientific position 1942-1969..

• Death of Max Valier, as the result of a careless accident, in his laboratory in Berlin, when working on a rocket combustion chamber. It exploded and a small metal fr - . Nation: Germany, Italy. Related Persons: Valier. German Austrian engineer and early advocate of the use of rockets for flight. Opel supported Valier's rocket car tests as publicity. Valier died in a rocket motor explosion in 1931..

• Birth of Michael 'Mike' Collins - . Nation: Italy, USA. Related Persons: Collins. American test pilot astronaut. Flew on Gemini 10, Apollo 11. First space walk from one spacecraft to another..

• Cattaneo rocketplane - . Crew: Cattaneo. Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Cattaneo. Ettore Cattaneo flies a 280 kg rocket-boosted glider at Milan. It remains in the air for 34 seconds, covering 1 km..

• Birth of Franco Rossitto - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Rossitto. Italian physicist payload specialist astronaut, 1984-1986..

• Birth of Cristiano Batalli Cosmovici - . Nation: Italy, Romania. Related Persons: Batalli-Cosmovici. Italian physicist payload specialist astronaut, 1989-1992..

• Birth of Andrea Lorenzoni - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Lorenzoni. Italian engineer payload specialist astronaut, 1984-1986. Colonel, Italian Air Force. Payload specialist for the Italian TSS-Project. International Space Station Program manager for Node 2, Italian Space Agency (ASI)..

• Birth of Franco Egidio Malerba - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Malerba. Italian biologist payload specialist astronaut. Flew on STS-46. First Italian astronaut. ESA; STS-46 Mission TSS-1..

• Birth of Stefano Santonico - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Santonico. Italian engineer cosmonaut, 1990-1993..

• Birth of Umberto Guidoni - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Guidoni. Italian physicist mission specialist astronaut. Flew on STS-75, STS-100..

• Birth of Roberto Maria Taccino - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Taccino. Italian physician payload specialist astronaut, 1990-1993. Professor. Selected by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) as one of the five Italian astronaut candidates for a European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut selection..

• Birth of Paolo Alberto Nespoli - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Nespoli. Italian engineer mission specialist astronaut. Flew on STS-120..

• Birth of Luca Urbani - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Urbani. Italian physician payload specialist astronaut, 1995-1996. Alternate Payload Specialist for STS-78 Mission LMS-1. Italian Air Force..

• Birth of Franco Ongaro - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Ongaro. Italian engineer payload specialist astronaut, 1990-1993..

• Birth of Maurizio Cheli - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Cheli. Italian test pilot mission specialist astronaut. Flew on STS-75. Was married to astronaut Marianne Merchez..

• Aeronomy sodium release mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRA, NASA. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 188 km (116 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).

• CTL - . Nation: Italy. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  Jupiter Missile Combat Training Launch 209, the first in a series of 12 CTL firings, was launched from AMR to a prescribed range of 1514 nm. The nose cone impacted .79 nm over and 2.19 nm right of the intended target. All missions were accomplished. The missile followed the intended flight path and performed within the accuracy requirements of the Jupiter system. IAF troops conducted the firing after LOD of MFSC completed the preliminary checkout. The primary mission of the test woe to evaluate the capabilities of launch crews under operational alert conditions.

• CTL - . Nation: Italy. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  The second Jupiter to be fired under the operational control of NATO troops in the Combat Training Launch program was fired from AMR at 1919 hours and 06 seconds EST to a range of 1,516 nm. The missile was originally scheduled for firing on 3 August but was postponed because of problems with the fuel probe in the fuel start tank and the micro-switch on the fuel pumping lever arm which controls the fuel flow rate. All missions assigned to the missile and to the NATO training launch crew were successfully accomplished.

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi).

• CTL - . Nation: Italy. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  The third NATO operational control Combat Training Launch was fired from AMR at 1737 hours and 24 seconds EST to a prescribed range of 1,516 nm. The missile was well constrained to the intended flight path and within accuracy requirements of the Jupiter system. The missile impacted in the target area and all missions assigned to this test were successfully accomplished.

• Combat training launch - . Nation: Italy. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Combat training launch - . Nation: Italy. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

• Test mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

• Test mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

• Test mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• ROBIN - . Nation: Italy. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• Birth of Roberto Vittori - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Vittori. Italian test pilot mission specialist astronaut. Flew on ISS EP-3, ISS EP-8. Italian Air Force.

• San Marco 1 - . Mass: 254 kg (559 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Class: Earth. Type: Atmosphere satellite. Spacecraft Bus: San Marco satellite. Spacecraft: San Marco satellite. Decay Date: 1965-09-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 957 . COSPAR: 1964-084A. Apogee: 842 km (523 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 37.8000 deg. Period: 95.10 min. Atmospheric density studies. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). .

• San Marco 2 - . Payload: San Marco B. Mass: 129 kg (284 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Class: Earth. Type: Atmosphere satellite. Spacecraft Bus: San Marco satellite. Spacecraft: San Marco satellite. Decay Date: 1967-10-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 2761 . COSPAR: 1967-038A. Apogee: 741 km (460 mi). Perigee: 219 km (136 mi). Inclination: 2.9000 deg. Period: 94.20 min. Atmospheric density data. Scientific satellite launched from a mobile range off Formosa Bay (Kenya). .

• Explorer 42 - . Payload: SAS A. Mass: 143 kg (315 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: NASA Greenbelt. Program: Explorer. Class: Astronomy. Type: Solar satellite. Spacecraft Bus: SAS. Spacecraft: SAS. Decay Date: 1979-04-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 4797 . COSPAR: 1970-107A. Apogee: 570 km (350 mi). Perigee: 521 km (323 mi). Inclination: 3.0000 deg. Period: 95.50 min. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). .

• Alfa SLBM project begun. - . Nation: Italy.

  The project for an indigenous Italian ballistic missile was begunby the Italian Navy. Officially it was called a 'technology program intented to develop high power solid-propellant boosters for civil and military applications'. The resulting missile was to be carried on submarines and major surface combatants.

• San Marco 3 - . Payload: San Marco C. Mass: 164 kg (361 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Class: Earth. Type: Atmosphere satellite. Spacecraft Bus: San Marco satellite. Spacecraft: San Marco satellite. Decay Date: 1971-11-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 5176 . COSPAR: 1971-036A. Apogee: 707 km (439 mi). Perigee: 222 km (137 mi). Inclination: 3.2000 deg. Period: 93.80 min. Atmospheric research. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). .

• ESRO Z82/1 - . Nation: Italy. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 26 km (16 mi).

• ISRC-PO-4 Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 185 km (114 mi).

• ISRC-PO-5 Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 185 km (114 mi).

• ISRC-PO-6 Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 185 km (114 mi).

• ISRC-PO-7 Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 185 km (114 mi).

• ISRC-PO-9 Ionosphere mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

• Spurious? - . Nation: Italy. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi). First test flight of Italian submarine- and ship-launched ballistic missile. Dummy second stage. Successful 57 second flight..

• Solar extreme ultraviolet mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

• San Marco 4 - . Payload: San Marco C2. Mass: 164 kg (361 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: CRS. Class: Earth. Type: Atmosphere satellite. Spacecraft Bus: San Marco satellite. Spacecraft: San Marco satellite. Decay Date: 1976-05-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 7154 . COSPAR: 1974-009A. Apogee: 875 km (543 mi). Perigee: 270 km (160 mi). Inclination: 2.9000 deg. Period: 96.10 min. Measurement of density, temperature, composition of atmosphere. Launch time 10:05:28.5 GMT. Anticipated life: 3 years. .

• Spurious? - . Nation: Italy. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi). Second test flight of Italian submarine- and ship-launched ballistic missile. Dummy second stage..

• Spurious? - . Nation: Italy. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi). Final test flight of Italian submarine- and ship-launched ballistic missile. Dummy second stage. Project cancelled after Italy ratified Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and decided to give up pursuit of an independent nuclear deterrent..

• Alfa SLBM program cancelled - . Nation: Italy. Under US pressure Italy had signed the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty on 2 May 1975. Work on nuclear-tipped ballistic missiles ended..

• Nation: Italy. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).

• Nation: Italy. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Nation: Italy. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Birth of Luca Salvo Parmitano - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Parmitano. Italian pilot mission specialist astronaut, 2009-on..

• Birth of Samantha Cristoforetti - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Cristoforetti. Italian pilot mission specialist astronaut, 2009-on..

• Sirio 1 - . Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: CNR. Class: Technology. Type: Communications technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Sirio. Spacecraft: Sirio. Completed Operations Date: 1989-09-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 10294 . COSPAR: 1977-080A. Apogee: 35,869 km (22,287 mi). Perigee: 35,755 km (22,217 mi). Inclination: 9.6000 deg. Period: 1,437.40 min.

  Experimental commsat. SIRIO (Satellite Italiano Ricerca Industriale Orientata). Launch time 2350:00 GMT. Geographical longitude of geostationary orbit 15 deg W. SIRIO is a spin stabilized geostationary experimental communications satellite. Characteristics of satellite: Weight at launch 398 kg, in orbit 218 kg. Configuration - cylindrical, height 1.981m, diameter 1.433 m, nominal life two years. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit over the Atlantic Ocean at 15 deg W in 1977-1981; over the Atlantic Ocean 25 deg W in 1981-1983; over the Indian Ocean 65 deg E in 1983-1985 As of 4 September 2001 located at 86.65 deg E drifting at 0.265 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 75.38E drifting at 0.003E degrees per day.

• San Marco D/L - . Payload: San Marco 5. Mass: 236 kg (520 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Class: Earth. Type: Atmosphere satellite. Spacecraft Bus: San Marco satellite. Spacecraft: San Marco satellite. Decay Date: 1988-12-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 19013 . COSPAR: 1988-026A. Apogee: 625 km (388 mi). Perigee: 268 km (166 mi). Inclination: 3.0000 deg. Period: 93.50 min. Upper atmosphere studies; US, France, Italy participation. .

• Italian Space Agency Astronaut Training Group selected. - . Nation: Italy. Related Persons: Ongaro, Santonico, Taccino. Italian astronauts trained for flights to the Mir space station..

• Italsat 1 - . Mass: 1,865 kg (4,111 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Italsat. Spacecraft: Italsat. USAF Sat Cat: 21055 . COSPAR: 1991-003A. Apogee: 35,919 km (22,318 mi). Perigee: 35,817 km (22,255 mi). Inclination: 4.2000 deg. Period: 1,440.20 min.

  Experimental commsat; 13.2 deg E. ITALSAT is a body stabilized geostationary satellite and it is proposed to provide pre-operational domestic telecommunications services on the 20/30 GHz bands. Geographic longitude 13.2 deg E. Longitudinal tolerance +/- 0.1 deg. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1991-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 144.14 deg E drifting at 1.021 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 86.26E drifting at 1.156W degrees per day.

• Test mission - . Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

• Lageos 2 - . Payload: Columbia F13 / Lageos 2 [Iris] / CTA. Mass: 400 kg (880 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Class: Earth. Type: Geodetic satellite. Spacecraft Bus: LAGEOS. Spacecraft: Lageos. USAF Sat Cat: 22195 . COSPAR: 1992-070B. Apogee: 5,952 km (3,698 mi). Perigee: 5,616 km (3,489 mi). Inclination: 52.7000 deg. Period: 222.50 min. 60 cm diameter sphere with laser reflectors; deployed from STS-52 10/23/92..

• Temisat - . Payload: Temisat / S5M. Mass: 42 kg (92 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: Telespazio. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Temisat. Spacecraft: Temisat. USAF Sat Cat: 22783 . COSPAR: 1993-055B. Apogee: 967 km (600 mi). Perigee: 936 km (581 mi). Inclination: 82.6000 deg. Period: 104.10 min.

  The Temisat micro-satellite was a piggyback payload designed to collect and re-transmit environmental data from terrestrial sensors and was separated from Meteor-2-21 on the seventh transit of the flight. Temisat was registered by the Telespazio Italian partner in agreement with the Kaiser-Threde Company (Munich). Environmental measurements were acquired through ground sensors, collected, temporarily stored on the ground, and logged by an autonomous terminal until upload request is received from TEMISAT.Characteristics: (a) Mass 42 kg (b) Dimension 35 x 35 x 35 cm, (c) Electric power 62 W Max, (d) Attitude control : 2 magnetic coil, 1 Am**2, (e) On-board memories - 2 of 8.5 Mbytes each, (f) Lifetime 5 years. Drift of the ascending node of orbital plane: 0.8 deg/d westwards. Copassenger of METEOR 2 satellite.

• ITAMsat - . Payload: Oscar 26. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: AmSat. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Oscar. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 22828 . COSPAR: 1993-061F. Apogee: 802 km (498 mi). Perigee: 789 km (490 mi). Inclination: 98.7000 deg. Period: 100.80 min. ITAMsat was built by AMSAT-ITALY. Its mission was to store and forward amateur radio messages..

• TSS-1 - . Payload: TSS-1R. Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Program: STS. Class: Technology. Type: Tether technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: TSS. Spacecraft: TSS. Decay Date: 1996-03-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 23805 . COSPAR: 1996-012B. Apogee: 189 km (117 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 28.5000 deg. Period: 88.10 min. LEO. Tether deployment test; 20 km long tether; satellite unintentionally deployed when tether broke 2/25/96 Reentered Mar 19..

• TSS tether breaks - . Nation: Italy. Spacecraft Bus: TSS. Spacecraft: TSS. Test from shuttle of 20 km long tether; satellite unintentionally deployed when tether broke. Re-entered March 19..

• Beppo SAX - . Payload: BeppoSAX. Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Class: Astronomy. Type: X-ray astronomy satellite. Spacecraft Bus: SAX. Spacecraft: SAX. Decay Date: 2003-04-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 23857 . COSPAR: 1996-027A. Apogee: 601 km (373 mi). Perigee: 584 km (362 mi). Inclination: 4.0000 deg. Period: 96.50 min. LEO. Satellite per Astronomia a raggi X; X-ray celestial observatory Launch vehicle put payload into low earth orbit with IFR trajectory option. 100th Atlas-Centaur flight..

• Italsat F2 - . Mass: 1,865 kg (4,111 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Italsat. Spacecraft: Italsat. USAF Sat Cat: 24208 . COSPAR: 1996-044A. Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Perigee: 35,771 km (22,227 mi). Inclination: 0.0000 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1996-1998; 16 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 16.38 deg E drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 94.10W drifting at 1.863E degrees per day..

• Death of Eugene G Fubini - . Nation: Italy, USA. Related Persons: Fubini. Italian-American physicist. Worked for the US military in a succession of technical and scientific position 1942-1969..

• Megsat-0 - . Mass: 35 kg (77 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: RVSN. Manufacturer: MegSat. Class: Technology. Type: Communications technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Megsat. Spacecraft: Megsat. Decay Date: 2003-11-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 25722 . COSPAR: 1999-022B. Apogee: 597 km (370 mi). Perigee: 544 km (338 mi). Inclination: 48.5000 deg. A small technology satellite which carried an experimental high rate data transmission payload..

• MITA - . Mass: 170 kg (370 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Manufacturer: Carlo Gavazzi. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: MITA. Spacecraft: MITA. Decay Date: 2001-08-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 26404 . COSPAR: 2000-039A. Apogee: 475 km (295 mi). Perigee: 422 km (262 mi). Inclination: 87.2633 deg. Period: 93.48 min. MITA was an Italian Space Agency experimental microsatellite built by Carlo Gavazzi Space of Milano and carried the NINA particle detector and an experimental attitude control system..

• MegSat-1 - . Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: Makeyev Design Bureau. Manufacturer: MegSat. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Megsat. Spacecraft: MegSat. USAF Sat Cat: 26546 . COSPAR: 2000-057B. Apogee: 649 km (403 mi). Perigee: 643 km (399 mi). Inclination: 64.5574 deg. Period: 97.56 min. Research satellite owned and built by MegSat Space Division, part of the Gruppo Meggiorin companies in Brescia, Italy..

• UniSat - . Mass: 10 kg (22 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: Makeyev Design Bureau. Manufacturer: la Sapienza. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: UniSat. Spacecraft: UniSat. USAF Sat Cat: 26547 . COSPAR: 2000-057C. Apogee: 670 km (416 mi). Perigee: 643 km (399 mi). Inclination: 64.5585 deg. Period: 97.78 min.

  Experimental satellite developed by the GAUSS (Gruppo di Astrodinamica dell' Universita degli Studi 'la Sapienza') in Roma. Unisat was financed by ASI and MURST (Ministero dell'Universtia e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica). It carried NiMH batteries, a magnetometer, and a payload consisting of a space debris sensor and a camera.

• Sicral - . Payload: Sicral 1. Mass: 2,596 kg (5,723 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: ADI. Manufacturer: Alenia. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Italsat. Spacecraft: Italsat. USAF Sat Cat: 26694 . COSPAR: 2001-005A. Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.1000 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Sicral, (Sistema Italiana de Communicazione Riservente Allarmi) was a communications satellite for the Italian defense ministry's procurement division, the Segretariato Generale della Difesa's Direzione Nazionale degli Armamenti. Sicral was built by Alenia Aerospazio and derived from the Italsat series. Its mass was 2596 kg full, 1253 kg dry and it carried a liquid apogee engine. The 3.3 kW, 3.4 m x 4.9 m, triaxially-stabilized spacecraft carried a total of nine transponders in the SHF-, UHF-, and EHF-bands to enable secure communications after parking over 16.2 deg-E longitude. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 16 deg E in 2001 As of 26 August 2001 located at 16.27 deg E drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 16.34E drifting at 0.018E degrees per day.

• UniSat 2 - . Mass: 10 kg (22 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: Makeyev Design Bureau. Manufacturer: La Sapienza. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: UniSat. Spacecraft: UniSat. USAF Sat Cat: 27608 . COSPAR: 2002-058D. Apogee: 667 km (414 mi). Perigee: 636 km (395 mi). Inclination: 64.6000 deg. Period: 97.80 min.

• Bepposax Satellite Reenters Into Earth's Atmosphere - . Nation: Italy. Spacecraft Bus: SAX. Spacecraft: SAX.

• Unisat 3 - . Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: La Sapienza. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: UniSat. Spacecraft: UniSat. USAF Sat Cat: 28373 . COSPAR: 2004-025H. Apogee: 800 km (490 mi). Perigee: 684 km (425 mi). Inclination: 98.3000 deg. Period: 99.80 min.

• AGILE - . Mass: 352 kg (776 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Manufacturer: Carlo Gavazzi. Class: Astronomy. Type: X-ray astronomy satellite. Spacecraft Bus: AGILE. Spacecraft: AGILE. USAF Sat Cat: 31135 . COSPAR: 2007-013A. Apogee: 553 km (343 mi). Perigee: 523 km (324 mi). Inclination: 2.5000 deg. Period: 95.40 min.

  The PSLV-C8 launch vehicle flew for the first time in a light configuration with no strap-on motors and a Dual Launch Adapter. The Italian gamma-ray observatory satellite (Astrorivelatore Gamma ad Imagini Leggero) carried the GRID 0.3-200 MeV wide-field gamma ray camera and the Super-AGILE 15-45 keV detector hard X-ray detector.

• Cosmo-SkyMed 1 - . Mass: 1,700 kg (3,700 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Manufacturer: Alenia. Class: Surveillance. Type: Civilian surveillance radar satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Cosmo-SkyMed. Spacecraft: Cosmo-SkyMed. USAF Sat Cat: 31598 . COSPAR: 2007-023A. Apogee: 626 km (388 mi). Perigee: 622 km (386 mi). Inclination: 97.9000 deg. Period: 97.20 min. The first of four Constellation of Small Satellites for Mediterranean basin Observation, Synthetic Aperture Radar satellites for primarily Italian military surveillance, but with products made available to civilian users as well..

• Cosmo-SkyMed 2 - . Mass: 1,700 kg (3,700 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Manufacturer: Alenia. Class: Surveillance. Type: Civilian surveillance radar satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Cosmo-SkyMed. Spacecraft: Cosmo-SkyMed. USAF Sat Cat: 32376 . COSPAR: 2007-059A. Apogee: 624 km (387 mi). Perigee: 621 km (385 mi). Inclination: 97.9000 deg. Period: 97.20 min. Second Italian military radar satellite in the Cosmo-Skymed system..

• COSMO 3 - . Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: Martin. Class: Surveillance. Type: Civilian surveillance radar satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Cosmo-SkyMed. Spacecraft: Cosmo-SkyMed. USAF Sat Cat: 33412 . COSPAR: 2008-054A. Apogee: 623 km (387 mi). Perigee: 622 km (386 mi). Inclination: 97.9000 deg. Period: 97.20 min. Part of Italy's all-weather military surveillance constellation; carried X-band synthetic aperture radar..

• Sicral 1B - . Payload: Italsat-3000. Mass: 3,038 kg (6,697 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: SeaLaunch. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Italsat. Spacecraft: Italsat. USAF Sat Cat: 34810 . COSPAR: 2009-020A. Apogee: 35,787 km (22,236 mi). Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.0000 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. Second Italian military communications satellite. Dry mass 1680 kg..

• Cosmo-SkyMed 4 - . Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation: Italy. Class: Surveillance. Type: Civilian surveillance radar satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Cosmo-SkyMed. Spacecraft: Cosmo-SkyMed. USAF Sat Cat: 37216 . COSPAR: 2010-060A. Apogee: 623 km (387 mi). Perigee: 622 km (386 mi). Inclination: 97.9000 deg. Period: 97.20 min. X-band radar satellite..

• EDUSAT - . Mass: 10 kg (22 lb). Nation: Italy. Class: Technology. Type: Technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: EDUSAT. Spacecraft: EDUSAT. USAF Sat Cat: 37788 . COSPAR: 2011-044A. Apogee: 698 km (433 mi). Perigee: 639 km (397 mi). Inclination: 98.2000 deg. Period: 98.10 min. Technology satellite built by the Universita di Roma la Sapienza..

• LARES - . Mass: 390 kg (850 lb). Nation: Italy. Class: Earth. Type: Geodetic satellite. Spacecraft Bus: LARES. Spacecraft: LARES. USAF Sat Cat: 38077 . COSPAR: 2012-006A. Apogee: 1,452 km (902 mi). Perigee: 1,436 km (892 mi). Inclination: 69.5000 deg. Period: 114.80 min.

  Laser Relativity Satellite, a 390 kg, 0.38 m diameter tungsten sphere covered with 92 laser retroreflectors. Used to probe relativistic effects in the Earth's gravitational field. The satellite had the lowest ballistic coefficient of any satellite ever launched. First launch of the ESA/Italian Vega launch vehicle.

• UNICubeSat-GG - . Mass: 1.00 kg (2.20 lb). Nation: Italy. Class: Technology. Type: Technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Cubesat. Spacecraft: Cubesat. USAF Sat Cat: 38078 . COSPAR: 2012-006B. Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Perigee: 312 km (193 mi). Inclination: 69.5000 deg. Period: 102.20 min. Student 1U cubesat from the GAUSS team-Universita Roma La Sapienza with a gravity gradient experiment. First Italian CubeSat..

• Almasat - . Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Nation: Italy. Class: Technology. Type: Technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Almasat. Spacecraft: Almasat. USAF Sat Cat: 38078 . COSPAR: 2012-006B. Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Perigee: 312 km (193 mi). Inclination: 69.5000 deg. Period: 102.20 min. Student satellite from the University of Bologna, testing a cold gas microthruster system and the platform for a future Earth observing satellite..

• e-st@r - . Mass: 1.00 kg (2.20 lb). Nation: Italy. Class: Technology. Type: Technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Cubesat. Spacecraft: Cubesat. Decay Date: 2014-08-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 38082 . COSPAR: 2012-006F. Apogee: 1,376 km (855 mi). Perigee: 305 km (189 mi). Inclination: 69.5000 deg. Period: 101.70 min. Student satellite from the Politecnico di Torino..

• Unisat-5 - . Mass: 19 kg (41 lb). Nation: Italy. Class: Technology. Type: Technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: UniSat. Spacecraft: Unisat. USAF Sat Cat: 39421 . COSPAR: 2013-066F. Apogee: 636 km (395 mi). Perigee: 592 km (367 mi). Inclination: 97.7800 deg. Period: 96.97 min.

  Technology satellite for the University of Rome. It carried a further eight tiny satellites within it, and one of those (PUCP-Sat) carried a further nested satellite, Pocket-PUCP. Most of the subsatellites were ejected from Unisat-5 between 08:10 and 08:25 GMT on November 21.

• Unisat 6 - . Mass: 26 kg (57 lb). Nation: Italy. Spacecraft Bus: UniSat. Spacecraft: Unisat. USAF Sat Cat: 40012 . COSPAR: 2014-033C. Apogee: 699 km (434 mi). Perigee: 613 km (380 mi). Inclination: 97.9700 deg. Period: 97.86 min. Satellite by GAUSS Srl to test customer equipment and deploy four cubesats..