Satrapies

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	Satraps and satrapies
	Satraps (Old Persian khša�ap�v�): the governors of the satrapies (provinces) of the ancient Achaemenid empire.� See More The title satrap is older than the Persian empire: the word khša�ap�v� is Median (it means 'protector of the realm') and was used to describe the vassal kings of the Median empire. The Median and Persian kings sent out inspectors with the title "eye of the king" to control and supervise their satraps.
A satrap receiving a visitor. Monument of the Nereids, Xanthus (British Museum)	There are several catalogues of the satrapies of the Achaemenid empire. The best known are Darius' famous Behistun inscription �the tribute list that is included in the Histories of the Greek researcher Herodotus the list of the Persian armed forces in the same work (more...) the inscription on Darius' tomb at Naqš-i Rustam the Daiva inscription of Xerxes. Finally, there are many satrapies mentioned in a book about Alexander the Great, the Anabasis by Arrian of Nicomedia. These texts allow us to see how the territorial units of the Persian empire slowly changed in the course of two centuries.
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Darius, Behistun (521 BCE)	*Herodotus, Histories* 3.90-94 (Tribute list)**	Darius, Naqš-i Rustam (492 BCE?)	*Herodotus, Histories* 7.61-96 (army list) (480/481 BCE)**	Xerxes, XPh (daiva inscription)	Arrian, Anabasis (describes fourth century BCE)
�Persia	�	�	Persians	�	Persis
Elam	district VIII: Susa and the Cissians	Elam	Cissians	Elam	�Susiana
Babylonia, Assyria	district IX: Babylon and Assyria	Babylon, Assyria	Assyrians and Chaldaeans	Babylon, Assyria	Babylon, Assyria
Media	district X/a: Ecbatana, Media, Paritacania	Media	Media	Media	Media
�	�district X/b: Orthocorybantians	Sacae with pointed caps	�	Sacae with pointed caps	Sacae
�	district I/a: Pamphylia	�	Pamphylia	�	�
�Yaun�	district I/b: Lycians, Magnesians, Ionians, Aeolians, Milyans	Yaun�	�Lycia, Doris, Ionia, Ionians from the islands, Aiolia, Milyans with Cabalians and Lasonians	Yaun� by the sea	�Ionia
�	�	Ionians with sun hats (Macedonians)	�	�	�
�	�	�	�	Yaun� across the sea	�
�	�district I/c: Carians	Caria	Caria	Caria	Caria
�Sardes	district II: Lydians, Mysians, Lasonians, Cabalians,Hytennians	Sardes	Lydia and Mysians, Cabalians and Lasonians	Sardes	�Lydia
�	district XVIII/a: Saspires, Alarodians	�	Alarodians and Saspires	�	�
�	district XVIII/b: Matienians	�	Matienians	�	�
�	district III/a: Paphlagonians	�	Paphlagonians	�	�
Countries by the sea	district III/b: Hellespontines, Asian Thracians, Mariandynians	�	Hellespontines, Asian Thracians (or Bithynians), Ligyans,� Mariandynians	�	Greater Phrygia
�Cappadocia	district III/c: Syrians, Phrygians	Cappadocia	Syrians� (= Cappadocians)	Cappadocia	�Cappadocia
Armenia	district XIII: the Armenians and 'their neighbors as far as the Black Sea', Pactyica	Armenia	Phrygians and Armenians, Pactyans	Armenia	�Armenia
�	district IV: Cilicians	�	Cilicia	�	�Cilicia
�Beyond the river	district V: Phoenicia; Palestina; Cyprus	�	Phoenicia and Palestina, Cyprus	�	�Syria, Palestina
�Egypt	district VI/a: Egypt	Egypt	Egypt	Egypt	�Egypt
�	�district VI/b: Libya, Cyrene, Barca	Libya	�Libyans	Libya	�
�	district XX: Indians	India	Indians and Asiatic Ethiopians	India	Taxila
�Gandara	district VII/a: Gandarians, Dadicae, Aparytae	Gandara	Gandarians and Dadicae	Gandara	�
Sattagydia	�district VII/b: Sattagydians	Sattagydia	�	Sattagydia	�
�	district XVII: Paricanians, Asiatic Ethiopians	�	Paricanians	�	Oreitians, Ichthyophagi
�	�	�	�	�	Gedrosia, Carmania
�	district XI: Caspians, Pausicae, Pantimathi, Daritae	�	Caspians, and Hyrcanians (?)	men of �kaufaciy�?	�Mardians, Hyrcanians
�Maka	district XIV/a:� Myci	Maka	�Myci	�Maka	�
Drangiana	�district XIV/b: Sarangians, Thamanaeans, Utians, those deported to the Persian Gulf, Sagartians	Drangiana	Sarangians, Utians and deported ones, Sagartians	Drangiana	Drangiana
Arachosia	�	Arachosia	�	Arachosia	Arachosia
�Bactria	district XII: Bactrians	�Bactria	Bactrians	Bactria	�Bactria
�Sacae	district XV: Sacae and Caspians	�Amyrgian Sacae	Amyrgian Sacae	Amyrgian Sacae	�
�	�	�	�	The Dahae	The Dahae
�Parthia	district XVI/a: Parthians	Parthia	Parthians	Parthia	�Parthia
Aria	�district XVI/b: Arians	Aria	�Arians	Aria	Aria
Chorasmia	�district XVI/c: Chorasmians	Chorasmia	�Chorasmians	Chorasmia	Chorasmia
Sogdia	�district XVI/d: Sogdians	Sogdia	�Sogdians	Sogdia	Sogdia
�	district XIX: Moschi, Tibareni, Macrones, Mosynoeci, Mares	�	Moschi, Tibareni, Macrones, Mossynoeci, Mares�	�	�
�	Colchians and the tribes of the Caucasus	�	Colchians	�	�
�	Ethiopians	Kush	Ethiopians	Kush	�
�Arabia	Arabs	Arabia	Arabs	Arabia	�Arabia
�	�	European Sacae	�	�	�
�	�	�Thrace	�	�Thrace	�

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Satraps and satrapies