102� NAVY AND MARINE CORPS HISTORY, CUSTOMS, AND COURTESIES
������� FUNDAMENTALS
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102.1� State the six areas of naval doctrine. Acronym WILCOP
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������ 1. NAVAL WARFARE- Describes the inherent nature and enduring principles of
���������� Naval forces.
���������� 2. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE- Points the way for intelligence support in meeting
���������� the requirements of both regional conflicts and operations other than war.
���������� 3. NAVAL OPERATIONS- Develops doctrine to reaffirm the foundation of U.S.
���������� Navy and Marine Corps expeditionary maritime traditions.
���������� 4. NAVAL LOGISTICS- Addresses the full range of logistical capabilities that are
���������� essential to the support of naval forces.
���������� 5. NAVAL PLANNING- Examines forces planning and the relationship between
���������� our capabilities and operational planning in the joint and multinational
���������� environment.
���������� 6. NAVAL COMMAND AND CONTROL- Provides the basic concepts to fulfill
���������� the information needs of commanders, forces and weapons systems.
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����� .2� Discuss the conditions that led to the formation of the U.S. Navy.
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���������� a.� The United States Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which
��������������� the Continental Navy established on 13 October 1775 by authorizing the
��������������� procurement, fitting out, manning, and dispatch of two armed vessels to
��������������� cruise in search of munitions ships supplying the British Army in America.
������������ ���The legislation also established a Naval Committee to supervise the work.
��������������� All together, the Continental Navy numbered some fifty ships over the course
��������������� of the war, with approximately twenty warships active at its maximum
��������������� strength.� After the American War of Independence, Congress sold the
��������������� surviving ships of the Continental Navy released the seamen and officers.� The
��������������� Constitution of the United States, ratified in 1789, empowered Congress �to
��������������� provide and maintain a navy.�� Acting on this authority, Congress ordered the
��������������� construction and manning of six frigates in 1794, and the War Department
��������������� administered naval affairs from that year until Congress established the Depart-
��������������� ment of the Navy on 30 April 1798.
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����� .3� Discuss the origin of the Marine Corps.
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���������� The Marine Corps was created on 10 November 1775, in Philadelphia, at Tun�����������
���������� Tavern, by a resolution of the Continental Congress, which �raised two battalions
����������� Marines.�� In 1834, the Marines came under the Department of the Navy. The
����������� National Security Act of 1947, amended in 1952, states the present structure,
����������� Missions, and functions of the Marine Corps.
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102� NAVY AND MARINE CORPS HISTORY, CUSTOMS, AND COURTESIES�������
������� FUNDAMENTALS
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����� .4� Explain the Marine Corps motto, Semper Fidelis.
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���������� The official motto of the Marine Corps, �Semper Fidelis,� is Latin for �Always
���������� Faithful.�� The motto, sometimes abbreviated, �Semper Fi,� was adopted about
���������� 1883.
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����� .5� Describe and state the significance of the Marine Corps emblem.
���������� The emblem consists of an eagle clenching the Marine Corps motto in its beak, the
���������� Globe (Western Hemisphere), and the anchor.� The emblem was adopted from the
���������� British (Royal) Marines and was modified by Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin in
������ ����1868 to depict the Marines as both American and maritime.
����������� a.� The globe and anchor signify the worldwide service and sea traditions.
����������� b.� The spread eagle represents the nation itself.
����������� c.� The motto, �Semper Fidelis� is Latin for �Always Faithful.�
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����� .6� Explain the following terms/phrases used throughout the Marine Corps:
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���������� a.���� Leatherneck- Communicate that the nickname dates back to the leather����������
������������������ stock, or neckpiece worn as part of the Marine uniform during the years 1775
������������������ to 1875.� Back then, the leather bands around their throats ensured that
������������������ Marines kept their heads erect.� Descended from the stock, the standing
������� �����������Collar, is hallmark of the Marine blues, whites, and evening dress.� Like it�s
������������������� Leather ancestor, the standing collar regulates stance and posture,
������������������� Proclaiming the wearer as a modern �leatherneck.�
���� �
���������� b.���� Devil dog- Discuss the Belleau Wood fighting in 1918 in which the Germans
������������������ received a thorough indoctrination in the Marine�s fighting ability.� Fighting
������������������ through �impenetrable� woods and capturing �untakeable� terrain, their
������������������ persistent attacks delivered with unbelievable courage soon had the Germans
������������������ calling the Marines �Teufelhunden,� fierce fighting dogs of legendary origin,
������������������� belovedly translated �devil dogs.�
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���������� c.���� Esprit de corps- Relate that the �spirit� of a unit is commonly reflected by
������������������ all of its history, traditions, and honor.� It is the epitone of Pride in the unit!
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���������� d.���� Uncommon valor was a common virtue- Refer to the victories in World
������������������ War II, especially at Iwo Jima, the largest all-Marine battle in history.�
������������������� Admiral Nimitz applied the Marine fighting on Iwo Jima to the entire Marine
������������������� Corps� contribution during that war, stating �Uncommon valor was a
������������������� common virtue.�
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102� NAVY AND MARINE CORPS HISTORY, CUSTOMS, AND COURTESIES
������� FUNDAMENTALS
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���������� e.���� First to fight- Communicate that Marines have been in the fore front of every
������������������ American war since the founding of the Marine Corps.� They entered the
������������������ Revolution in 1775, just before the Declaration of Independence was signed.
���������� ��������They have carried out more than 300 landings on foreign shores.� They have
������������������ served everywhere, from the poles to the tropics.� Their record of readiness
������������������ reflects pride, responsibility, and challenge.
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����� .7 �Identify Marine Corps rank and pay grade in order of seniority from E-1 to��������������������
���������� O-10.
���������� RANK�������������������������������������������������������������� PAY GRADE
���������� General (Gen)������������������������������ ���������������������O-10
���������� Lieutenant General (LtGen)���������������������������� O-9
���������� Major General (MajGen)���������������������������������� O-8
���������� Brigadier General (Bgen)��������������������������������� O-7
���������� Colonel (Col)���������������������������������������������������� O-6
���������� Lieutenant Colonel (LtCol)������������������������������� O-5
���������� Major (Maj)������������������������������������������������������ O-4
���������� Captain (Capt)���������� �����������������������������������������O-3
���������� First Lieutenant (1stLt)�������������������������������������� O-2
���������� Second Lieutenant (2ndLt)�������������������������������� O-1
���������� Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-5)������������������� ����W-5
���������� Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-4)������������������������ W-4
���������� Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-3)����������������������� W-3
���������� Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-2)����������������������� W-2
���������� Warrant Officer (WO-1)��������� ���������������������������W-1
���������� Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps����������������� E-9
���������� Sergeant Major (SgtMaj)����������������������������������� E-9
���������� Master Gunnery Sergeant (MGySgt)����������������� E-9
���������� First Sergeant (1stSgt)���������������������������������������� E-8
���������� Master Sergeant (MSgt)�������������������������������������� E-8
���������� Gunnery Sergeant (GySgt)���������������������������������� E-7
���������� Staff Sergeant (SSgt)������������� ������������������������������E-6
���������� Sergeant (Sgt)������������������������������������������������������ E-5
���������� Corporal (Cpl)����������������������������������������������������� E-4
���������� Lance Corporal (LCpl)���������������������� ������������������E-3
���������� Private First Class (PFC)������������������������������������� E-2
���������� Private (Pvt)��������������������������������������������������������� E-1��
��������������������������������������������������
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102� NAVY AND MARINE CORPS HISTORY, CUSTOMS, AND COURTESIES
������� FUNDAMENTALS
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����� .8� Discuss the circumstances during which a hand salute is rendered and���������������������������������������������������
���������� circumstances in which it is not rendered.
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���������� 1. Salute while unarmed and armed
�������������� a.� Salute while armed
������������������� 1. Perform a rifle salute from order arms- Move your left arm smartly
�������������������� across your body with your forearm and wrist straight, fingers extended
�������������������� and joined, and your palm down.� Ensure that the first joint of your�������������
�������������������� forefinger touches the flash suppressor of your rifle.� After executing the
�������������������� salute, resume the position of attention.
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������������������� 2. Perform a rifle salute while at trail arms-The movements are identical to
�������������������� those used for saluting at order arms, except that your rifle is held in the trail
��������������� �����arms position.
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������������������� 3. Perform a rifle salute when at right (left) shoulder arms- Move your left
�������������������� (right) arm across your body, fingers extended and joined, and your palm
�������������������� down.� Ensure that the first joint of your forefinger touches the rear of the
��������������������� receiver just below the charging handle and your forearm is parallel to the
��������������������� deck.
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������������������� 4. Perform a rifle salute while a sling arms- Reach across your body with
����������������������� your left hand and grasp the sling of your rifle.� Release your right hand.�
����������������������� Execute the hand salute.
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�������������� b.� Observe courtesies while saluting (armed or unarmed)
�������� ����������1. Begin your salute in ample time (at least six, but not more than thirty paces��������������������������������������������
���������������������� away).
������������������ 2. Hold your salute until it is returned or acknowledged.
������������ ������3. Accompany the salute with an appropriate greeting.
������������������ 4. Look squarely at the person or colors being saluted.
������������������ 5. Render the salute only once if a senior remains in the immediate vicinity.
������������������ 6. Render the salute again if conversation takes place when a senior leaves or
���������������������� when you depart.
������������������ 7. Salute in a group.� IF your group is not in formation THEN (the first������������������
���������������������� person to notice an officer approaching) call the group to attention and���
���������������������� salute the group OR (entire group) salute individually.� IF your group is in������
���������������������� formation THEN (senior person) call the formation to attention and salute
���������������������� for the group.
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� 102� NAVY AND MARINE CORPS HISTORY, CUSTOMS, AND COURTESIES
��������� FUNDAMENTALS
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������������ 8. Salute when passing an officer who is going in the same direction as you.
���������������� a. Come abreast of the officer, salute and say, �By your leave, sir
�������������������� (ma�am).�
���������������� b. (officer) Return the salute, and say, �Carry on� or �Granted.�
���������������� c. Terminate your salute, and pass ahead.
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������������ 9. Salute officers, regular and reserve, of the Navy, Army, Air Force, Marine
���������������� Corps, Coast Guard, and foreign military and naval officers whose
���������������� Governments are formally recognized by the U.S. Government.
����������
������� c.� DO NOT SALUTE WHEN:
��������������� a. At work indoors (except when under arms)
��������������� b. Guarding prisoners
��������������� c.� Under battle conditions
��������������� d. A prisoner
��������������� e. In ranks, at games, or part of a working detail
��������������� f. At crowded gatherings, in public conveyances, or in congested areas, unless
������������������� you are addressing or are being directly addressed by a senior
��������������� g. Doing so would physically interfere with your performance of an assigned
������������������� duty or would create a hazard
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������� d.� DO NOT SALUTE WITH:
������������ a. Your blouse or coat unbuttoned
������������ b. A smoking device in your hand
������������ c.� Anything in your right hand
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������� e.� Report to an officer.
�������������� 1. Approach the officer at attention.
�������������� 2. Halt about two paces from the officer.
�������������� 3. Render the appropriate salute, and say, �Sir (Ma�am), (your name and grade)
��������������� reporting as ordered.�
�������������� 4. Hold the salute until it is acknowledged.
�������������� 5. Salute after business is completed and wait for the return of your salute or an
������������������ acknowledgement.
�������� ������6. Take one step backward, execute an about face, and depart at attention.
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�������� f.� Report to an officer indoors and unarmed.
�������������� a. When indoors, you will be uncovered.� Follow the procedures above and do
������������������� not render a salute.
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102� NAVY AND MARINE CORPS HISTORY, CUSTOMS, AND COURTESIES
��������� FUNDAMENTALS
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�� .9� Discuss the procedures for rendering honors and circumstances during which
������� honors are rendered during colors and the National Anthem.
���������� a. Render honors during �Colors� and to the National Anthem, IF you are neither
����������� in formation nor in a vehicle, THEN render the prescribed salute.� Hold the salute���������
����������� until the last note of music is sounded. IF no flag is near, THEN face the music
����������� and salute.� IF you are in formation, THEN salute only on the command, �present
����������� arms.�� IF you are outdoors and uncovered, THEN stand at attention face the
����������� direction of the flag or music. IF you are indoors, THEN stand at attention face
����������� the music and/or flag, IF you are in a vehicle, THEN (driver) halt vehicle,
���������� (passengers and driver) remain seated, at attention do not salute.� IF your are
����������� passing or being passed by an uncased color, which is being paraded, presented,
����������� or is on formal display, THEN salute at six paces distance and hold the salute for
����������� six paces beyond or until it has passed your position by six paces.� IF you are
����������� covered, THEN stand or march at attention when passing or being passed by an
����������� uncased color.
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����������� b. When the flag is raised at morning colors or is lowered at evening colors,���������������
����������� stand at attention at the first note of the National Anthem or �To the Colors�
����������� (standard), and render the prescribed salute.� If you are engaged in some duty
����������� which would become a safety hazard or risk to property, do not salute.� Usually
��������� ��face the flag while saluting, but if your duty requires it, face in another direction.
����������� When the music sounds �Carry On,� resume regular duties.�����
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���� .10� Discuss the procedure for rendering honors to the Marines Hymn.
�� ��������a. Stand at attention, whether in uniform or in civilian attire.� This tradition also
���������� applies to former Marines.
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