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102NAVY AND MARINE CORPS HISTORY, CUSTOMS, AND COURTESIES

������� FUNDAMENTALS

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102.1State the six areas of naval doctrine. Acronym WILCOP

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������ 1. NAVAL WARFARE- Describes the inherent nature and enduring principles of

���������� Naval forces.

���������� 2. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE- Points the way for intelligence support in meeting

���������� the requirements of both regional conflicts and operations other than war.

���������� 3. NAVAL OPERATIONS- Develops doctrine to reaffirm the foundation of U.S.

���������� Navy and Marine Corps expeditionary maritime traditions.

���������� 4. NAVAL LOGISTICS- Addresses the full range of logistical capabilities that are

���������� essential to the support of naval forces.

���������� 5. NAVAL PLANNING- Examines forces planning and the relationship between

���������� our capabilities and operational planning in the joint and multinational

���������� environment.

���������� 6. NAVAL COMMAND AND CONTROL- Provides the basic concepts to fulfill

���������� the information needs of commanders, forces and weapons systems.

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����� .2Discuss the conditions that led to the formation of the U.S. Navy.

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���������� a.The United States Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which

��������������� the Continental Navy established on 13 October 1775 by authorizing the

��������������� procurement, fitting out, manning, and dispatch of two armed vessels to

��������������� cruise in search of munitions ships supplying the British Army in America.

������������ ���The legislation also established a Naval Committee to supervise the work.

��������������� All together, the Continental Navy numbered some fifty ships over the course

��������������� of the war, with approximately twenty warships active at its maximum

��������������� strength.After the American War of Independence, Congress sold the

��������������� surviving ships of the Continental Navy released the seamen and officers.The

��������������� Constitution of the United States, ratified in 1789, empowered Congress �to

��������������� provide and maintain a navy.�Acting on this authority, Congress ordered the

��������������� construction and manning of six frigates in 1794, and the War Department

��������������� administered naval affairs from that year until Congress established the Depart-

��������������� ment of the Navy on 30 April 1798.

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����� .3Discuss the origin of the Marine Corps.

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���������� The Marine Corps was created on 10 November 1775, in Philadelphia, at Tun�����������

���������� Tavern, by a resolution of the Continental Congress, which �raised two battalions

����������� Marines.�In 1834, the Marines came under the Department of the Navy. The

����������� National Security Act of 1947, amended in 1952, states the present structure,

����������� Missions, and functions of the Marine Corps.

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102NAVY AND MARINE CORPS HISTORY, CUSTOMS, AND COURTESIES�������

������� FUNDAMENTALS

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����� .4Explain the Marine Corps motto, Semper Fidelis.

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���������� The official motto of the Marine Corps, �Semper Fidelis,� is Latin for �Always

���������� Faithful.�The motto, sometimes abbreviated, �Semper Fi,� was adopted about

���������� 1883.

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����� .5Describe and state the significance of the Marine Corps emblem.

���������� The emblem consists of an eagle clenching the Marine Corps motto in its beak, the

���������� Globe (Western Hemisphere), and the anchor.The emblem was adopted from the

���������� British (Royal) Marines and was modified by Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin in

������ ����1868 to depict the Marines as both American and maritime.

����������� a.The globe and anchor signify the worldwide service and sea traditions.

����������� b.The spread eagle represents the nation itself.

����������� c.The motto, �Semper Fidelis� is Latin for �Always Faithful.�

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����� .6Explain the following terms/phrases used throughout the Marine Corps:

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���������� a.���� Leatherneck- Communicate that the nickname dates back to the leather����������

������������������ stock, or neckpiece worn as part of the Marine uniform during the years 1775

������������������ to 1875.Back then, the leather bands around their throats ensured that

������������������ Marines kept their heads erect.Descended from the stock, the standing

������� �����������Collar, is hallmark of the Marine blues, whites, and evening dress.Like it�s

������������������� Leather ancestor, the standing collar regulates stance and posture,

������������������� Proclaiming the wearer as a modern �leatherneck.�

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���������� b.���� Devil dog- Discuss the Belleau Wood fighting in 1918 in which the Germans

������������������ received a thorough indoctrination in the Marine�s fighting ability.Fighting

������������������ through �impenetrable� woods and capturing �untakeable� terrain, their

������������������ persistent attacks delivered with unbelievable courage soon had the Germans

������������������ calling the Marines �Teufelhunden,� fierce fighting dogs of legendary origin,

������������������� belovedly translated �devil dogs.�

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���������� c.���� Esprit de corps- Relate that the �spirit� of a unit is commonly reflected by

������������������ all of its history, traditions, and honor.It is the epitone of Pride in the unit!

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���������� d.���� Uncommon valor was a common virtue- Refer to the victories in World

������������������ War II, especially at Iwo Jima, the largest all-Marine battle in history.

������������������� Admiral Nimitz applied the Marine fighting on Iwo Jima to the entire Marine

������������������� Corps� contribution during that war, stating �Uncommon valor was a

������������������� common virtue.�

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102NAVY AND MARINE CORPS HISTORY, CUSTOMS, AND COURTESIES

������� FUNDAMENTALS

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���������� e.���� First to fight- Communicate that Marines have been in the fore front of every

������������������ American war since the founding of the Marine Corps.They entered the

������������������ Revolution in 1775, just before the Declaration of Independence was signed.

���������� ��������They have carried out more than 300 landings on foreign shores.They have

������������������ served everywhere, from the poles to the tropics.Their record of readiness

������������������ reflects pride, responsibility, and challenge.

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����� .7 Identify Marine Corps rank and pay grade in order of seniority from E-1 to��������������������

���������� O-10.

���������� RANK�������������������������������������������������������������� PAY GRADE

���������� General (Gen)������������������������������ ���������������������O-10

���������� Lieutenant General (LtGen)���������������������������� O-9

���������� Major General (MajGen)���������������������������������� O-8

���������� Brigadier General (Bgen)��������������������������������� O-7

���������� Colonel (Col)���������������������������������������������������� O-6

���������� Lieutenant Colonel (LtCol)������������������������������� O-5

���������� Major (Maj)������������������������������������������������������ O-4

���������� Captain (Capt)���������� �����������������������������������������O-3

���������� First Lieutenant (1stLt)�������������������������������������� O-2

���������� Second Lieutenant (2ndLt)�������������������������������� O-1

���������� Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-5)������������������� ����W-5

���������� Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-4)������������������������ W-4

���������� Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-3)����������������������� W-3

���������� Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-2)����������������������� W-2

���������� Warrant Officer (WO-1)��������� ���������������������������W-1

���������� Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps����������������� E-9

���������� Sergeant Major (SgtMaj)����������������������������������� E-9

���������� Master Gunnery Sergeant (MGySgt)����������������� E-9

���������� First Sergeant (1stSgt)���������������������������������������� E-8

���������� Master Sergeant (MSgt)�������������������������������������� E-8

���������� Gunnery Sergeant (GySgt)���������������������������������� E-7

���������� Staff Sergeant (SSgt)������������� ������������������������������E-6

���������� Sergeant (Sgt)������������������������������������������������������ E-5

���������� Corporal (Cpl)����������������������������������������������������� E-4

���������� Lance Corporal (LCpl)���������������������� ������������������E-3

���������� Private First Class (PFC)������������������������������������� E-2

���������� Private (Pvt)��������������������������������������������������������� E-1��

��������������������������������������������������

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102NAVY AND MARINE CORPS HISTORY, CUSTOMS, AND COURTESIES

������� FUNDAMENTALS

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����� .8Discuss the circumstances during which a hand salute is rendered and���������������������������������������������������

���������� circumstances in which it is not rendered.

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���������� 1. Salute while unarmed and armed

�������������� a.Salute while armed

������������������� 1. Perform a rifle salute from order arms- Move your left arm smartly

�������������������� across your body with your forearm and wrist straight, fingers extended

�������������������� and joined, and your palm down.Ensure that the first joint of your�������������

�������������������� forefinger touches the flash suppressor of your rifle.After executing the

�������������������� salute, resume the position of attention.

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������������������� 2. Perform a rifle salute while at trail arms-The movements are identical to

�������������������� those used for saluting at order arms, except that your rifle is held in the trail

��������������� �����arms position.

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������������������� 3. Perform a rifle salute when at right (left) shoulder arms- Move your left

�������������������� (right) arm across your body, fingers extended and joined, and your palm

�������������������� down.Ensure that the first joint of your forefinger touches the rear of the

��������������������� receiver just below the charging handle and your forearm is parallel to the

��������������������� deck.

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������������������� 4. Perform a rifle salute while a sling arms- Reach across your body with

����������������������� your left hand and grasp the sling of your rifle.Release your right hand.

����������������������� Execute the hand salute.

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�������������� b.Observe courtesies while saluting (armed or unarmed)

�������� ����������1. Begin your salute in ample time (at least six, but not more than thirty paces��������������������������������������������

���������������������� away).

������������������ 2. Hold your salute until it is returned or acknowledged.

������������ ������3. Accompany the salute with an appropriate greeting.

������������������ 4. Look squarely at the person or colors being saluted.

������������������ 5. Render the salute only once if a senior remains in the immediate vicinity.

������������������ 6. Render the salute again if conversation takes place when a senior leaves or

���������������������� when you depart.

������������������ 7. Salute in a group.IF your group is not in formation THEN (the first������������������

���������������������� person to notice an officer approaching) call the group to attention and���

���������������������� salute the group OR (entire group) salute individually.IF your group is in������

���������������������� formation THEN (senior person) call the formation to attention and salute

���������������������� for the group.

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102NAVY AND MARINE CORPS HISTORY, CUSTOMS, AND COURTESIES

��������� FUNDAMENTALS

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������������ 8. Salute when passing an officer who is going in the same direction as you.

���������������� a. Come abreast of the officer, salute and say, �By your leave, sir

�������������������� (ma�am).�

���������������� b. (officer) Return the salute, and say, �Carry on� or �Granted.�

���������������� c. Terminate your salute, and pass ahead.

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������������ 9. Salute officers, regular and reserve, of the Navy, Army, Air Force, Marine

���������������� Corps, Coast Guard, and foreign military and naval officers whose

���������������� Governments are formally recognized by the U.S. Government.

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������� c.DO NOT SALUTE WHEN:

��������������� a. At work indoors (except when under arms)

��������������� b. Guarding prisoners

��������������� c.Under battle conditions

��������������� d. A prisoner

��������������� e. In ranks, at games, or part of a working detail

��������������� f. At crowded gatherings, in public conveyances, or in congested areas, unless

������������������� you are addressing or are being directly addressed by a senior

��������������� g. Doing so would physically interfere with your performance of an assigned

������������������� duty or would create a hazard

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������� d.DO NOT SALUTE WITH:

������������ a. Your blouse or coat unbuttoned

������������ b. A smoking device in your hand

������������ c.Anything in your right hand

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������� e.Report to an officer.

�������������� 1. Approach the officer at attention.

�������������� 2. Halt about two paces from the officer.

�������������� 3. Render the appropriate salute, and say, �Sir (Ma�am), (your name and grade)

��������������� reporting as ordered.�

�������������� 4. Hold the salute until it is acknowledged.

�������������� 5. Salute after business is completed and wait for the return of your salute or an

������������������ acknowledgement.

�������� ������6. Take one step backward, execute an about face, and depart at attention.

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�������� f.Report to an officer indoors and unarmed.

�������������� a. When indoors, you will be uncovered.Follow the procedures above and do

������������������� not render a salute.

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102NAVY AND MARINE CORPS HISTORY, CUSTOMS, AND COURTESIES

��������� FUNDAMENTALS

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�� .9Discuss the procedures for rendering honors and circumstances during which

������� honors are rendered during colors and the National Anthem.

���������� a. Render honors during �Colors� and to the National Anthem, IF you are neither

����������� in formation nor in a vehicle, THEN render the prescribed salute.Hold the salute���������

����������� until the last note of music is sounded. IF no flag is near, THEN face the music

����������� and salute.IF you are in formation, THEN salute only on the command, �present

����������� arms.�IF you are outdoors and uncovered, THEN stand at attention face the

����������� direction of the flag or music. IF you are indoors, THEN stand at attention face

����������� the music and/or flag, IF you are in a vehicle, THEN (driver) halt vehicle,

���������� (passengers and driver) remain seated, at attention do not salute.IF your are

����������� passing or being passed by an uncased color, which is being paraded, presented,

����������� or is on formal display, THEN salute at six paces distance and hold the salute for

����������� six paces beyond or until it has passed your position by six paces.IF you are

����������� covered, THEN stand or march at attention when passing or being passed by an

����������� uncased color.

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����������� b. When the flag is raised at morning colors or is lowered at evening colors,���������������

����������� stand at attention at the first note of the National Anthem or �To the Colors�

����������� (standard), and render the prescribed salute.If you are engaged in some duty

����������� which would become a safety hazard or risk to property, do not salute.Usually

��������� ��face the flag while saluting, but if your duty requires it, face in another direction.

����������� When the music sounds �Carry On,� resume regular duties.�����

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���� .10Discuss the procedure for rendering honors to the Marines Hymn.

�� ��������a. Stand at attention, whether in uniform or in civilian attire.This tradition also

���������� applies to former Marines.

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