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. 2010 Nov 11;1(5):34.
doi: 10.1186/scrt34.

New concepts on the immune modulation mediated by mesenchymal stem cells

Bruce A Bunnell  1 , Aline M Betancourt, Deborah E Sullivan
Affiliations

New concepts on the immune modulation mediated by mesenchymal stem cells

Bruce A Bunnell et al. Stem Cell Res Ther. .

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the nonhematopoietic multipotent progenitor cells found in various adult tissues. They are characterized by their ease of isolation and their rapid growth in vitro while maintaining their differentiation potential, allowing for extensive expansion in culture that yields large quantities suitable for therapeutic use. This article reviews the immunomodulatory activities associated with MSCs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that MSCs are potently immunosuppressive in vitro and in vivo. However, this article presents a new paradigm in MSC biology, in which MSCs, at least in vitro, can undergo polarization into either a pro-inflammatory or an immunosuppressive phenotype.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Short-term and low-level priming of TLR4 (left side) and TLR3 (right side) leads to the polarization of heterogeneous BMSC preparations into a pro-inflammatory MSC1 phenotype or an immunosuppressive MSC2 phenotype [29]. The proposed agonists for the toll-like receptor (TLR) priming schemes are listed in the yellow boxes above the specific priming scheme. We speculate that MSC1 may contribute to early tissue injury responses while MSC2 may contribute to later tissue resolution responses based on similar contributions by polarized monocytes in wound healing [83-85]. Poly(I:C), polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. Figure adapted from [85].
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