Helicobacter pylori has been classified as a human carcinogen contributing to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Eradication of H. pylori as a means towards preventing gastric cancers has become an interesting option, however, the scientific data supporting this practice are not well established. Therefore, large, multicenter trials have been initiated in order to assess and establish the scientific basis for this option. Reverting histomorphological and biochemical changes of the gastric mucosa after H. pylori eradication point to a beneficial effect of H. pylori eradication on the prevention of gastric cancers. This article will give a brief overview on the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and the role of H. pylori in this regard and will also describe current approaches towards preventing gastric cancer.