Table 1 Characteristics of study participants
Variable | Total N = 395 | PWH on cotrimoxazole n = 100 | PWH not on cotrimoxazole n = 295 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Years), median (IQR) | 41.0 (32.0–50.0) | 36.0 (28.0–46.5) | 43.3 (34.0–51.0) | < 0.001 |
Sex, n (%) | ||||
Male | 184 (46.6) | 51 (51.0) | 133 (45.1) | 0.31 |
Female | 211 (53.4) | 49 (49.0) | 162 (54.9) | |
Tribe (n = 393), n (%) | ||||
Baganda | 252 (64.1) | 65 (65.0) | 187 (63.8) | 0.98 |
Banyakitara | 81 (20.6) | 20 (20.0) | 61 (20.8) | |
Others | 60 (15.3) | 15 (15.0) | 45 (15.4) | |
Residence, n (%) | ||||
Urban | 278 (70.4) | 73 (73.0) | 205 (69.5) | 0.51 |
Rural | 117 (29.6) | 27 (27.0) | 90 (30.5) | |
Marital Status, n (%) | ||||
Not Married | 220 (55.7) | 62 962.0) | 158 (53.6) | 0.14 |
Married | 175 (44.3) | 38 (38.0) | 137 (46.4) | |
Education level, n (%) | ||||
Below Secondary | 204 (51.6) | 45 (45.0) | 159 (53.9) | 0.12 |
Secondary+ | 191 (48.4) | 55 (55.0) | 136 (46.1) | |
Employment Status, n (%) | ||||
Unemployed | 67 (17.0) | 18 (18.0) | 49 (16.6) | 0.75 |
Employed | 328 (83.0) | 82 (82.0) | 246 (83.4) | |
Drugs in the ART regimen, n (%) | ||||
Tenofovir | 379 (95.9) | 97 (97.0) | 282 (95.6) | 0.77 |
Lamuvidine | 391 (99.0) | 99 (99.0) | 292 (99.0) | 1.00 |
Abacavir | 6 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (2.0) | 0.34 |
Zidovudine | 6 (1.5) | 1 (1.0) | 5 (1.0) | 1.00 |
Efavirenz | 21 (5.3) | 5 (5.00 | 16 (5.4) | 1.00 |
Dolutegravir | 364 (92.2) | 93 (93.0) | 271 (91.9) | 0.83 |
Atazanavir | 8 (2.0) | 1 (1.0) | 7 (2.4) | 0.69 |
Other | 3 (0.8) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (1.0) | 1.00 |
ART duration (years), median (IQR), (n = 251) | 4.0 (1.8–10.0) | 1.8 (0.6–6.0) | 5.0 (2.5–11.0) | < 0.001 |
CD4 count at HIV diagnosis, cells/mm3 | 237.0 (94.0–474.0) | 217.0 (80.5–510) | 238.0 (104.0-468.0) | 0.93 |
Virally suppressed (< 1,000 copies per ml) (n = 325)β | 308 (94.8) | 52 (83.9) | 256 (97.3%) | < 0.001 |
HIV clinical stage, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Stage I | 176 (44.6) | 30 (30.0) | 146 (49.5) | |
Stage II | 38 (9.6) | 8 (8.0) | 30 (10.2) | |
Stage III/IV | 181 (45.8) | 62 (62.0) | 119 (0.3) | |
Smoking history (n = 391), n (%) | 77 (19.7) | 24 (24.0) | 53 (18.1) | 0.34 |
Smoking pack years, median (IQR), (n = 254) | 1.5 (0.8–3.2) | 2.0 (0.8–6.8) | 1.5 (0.8-3.0) | 0.63 |
Current alcohol use (n = 393), n (%) | 118 (30.0) | 32 (32.0) | 86 (29.4%) | 0.85 |
Hazardous alcohol use (CAGE score ≥2) | 22 (5.6) | 10 (31.3) | 12 (14.0%) | 0.032 |
Weight (kg), median (IQR) | 61.8 (54.0–72.0) | 58.0 (53.8–66.1) | 64.0 (55.0–75.0) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index, median (IQR), (n = 394) | 23.7 (20.5–27.5) | 23.0 (20.3–24.3) | 24.3 (20.7–28.3) | 0.002 |
Waist Circumference (cm), median (IQR), (n = 393) | 82.0 (74.0–91.0) | 80.0 (73.0–86.3) | 83.0 (74.0–95.0) | 0.004 |
Hip Circumference (cm), median (IQR), (n = 392) | 95.0 (88.3-103.2) | 92.0 (85.5–98.4) | 97.0 (89.4–106.0) | < 0.001 |
Waist Hip Ratio, mean (SD), (n = 392) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.52 |
Waist-Height Ratio, mean (SD), (n = 392) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.003 |
Neck circumference (cm), mean (SD), (n = 391) | 34.1 (3.1) | 33.6 (2.7) | 34.3 (3.3) | 0.050 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), median (IQR), (n = 394) | 121.5 (111.5–135.0) | 118.0 (110.5-134.5) | 122.0 (112.0-135.0) | 0.14 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), median (IQR), (n = 394) | 80.5 (74.0-88.5) | 78.8 (73.3–88.3) | 80.5 (74.5–88.5) | 0.35 |
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l), mean (SD), (n = 384) | 5.4 (1.4) | 5.4 (1.0) | 5.4 (1.5) | 0.89 |
Glycated hemoglobin (%), mean (SD), (n = 392) | 4.7 (1.2) | 4.6 (1.7) | 4.7 (0.9) | 0.59 |
Serum Uric acid (micromoles/l), median (IQR), (n = 389) | 302.9 (245.5–375.5) | 296.6 (246.1-370.6) | 303.6 (244.8-383.2) | 0.51 |