This collection of papers delves into the burgeoning field of Oncobiome research, exploring the intricate relationship between cancer and the microbiome. The oncobiome encompasses the diverse microbial communities residing in and on the human body, which influence cancer development, progression, and treatment responses. By examining these interactions, our aim is to unravel the complex mechanisms through which the microbiome impacts oncogenesis and therapeutic outcomes. This compilation highlights cutting-edge research, offering insights into potential diagnostic markers and novel therapeutic strategies, thereby advancing our understanding of cancer biology and paving the way for innovative, microbiome-targeted cancer treatments. Articles will undergo the standard peer-review process of the journal to which they are submitted and are subject to either the BMC editorial policies or those of BJC Reports. Articles will be added to the Collection as they are published. The Editors have no competing interests with the submissions which they handle through the peer review process. The peer review of any submissions for which the Editors have competing interests is handled by another Editorial Board Member who has no competing interests.