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Fig. 4 | Sports Medicine

Fig. 4

From: The Effect of Pre-Exercise Hyperhydration on Exercise Performance, Physiological Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Systematic Review

Fig. 4
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Difference in mean heart rate during constant work rate exercise following hyperhydration compared with control or pre-supplementation. Data are presented as mean ± 95% CIs. Study without 95% CIs is a case study. *Significant decrease reported after hyperhydration (P < 0.05). †Significantly higher after hyperhydration (P < 0.05). Gly glycerol, Cr + Gly creatine + glycerol, Cr creatine, Cr + Gly + Ala creatine + glycerol + alpha lipoic acid. #Compared with placebo; ✖compared with pre-supplementation; ^compared with no treatment

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