Fig. 2
From: Cantharidin increases the force of contraction and protein phosphorylation in isolated human atria
Cantharidin increases force of contraction in mouse left atrium. A: Original recording in mouse left atrial preparations. It becomes apparent that cantharidin induced as time- and concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect. B: original recordings as in A but here superimposed force tracings at high temporal resolution in milli seconds are shown (ms). Here, the increase in force by cantharidin compared to pre-drug values can be evaluated (Ctr). C: original recordings superimposed tracings of the first derivative of force versus time at high temporal resolution in mN/ms. Here, the increase the positive and negative first derivative of force with respect to time (dF/dt) by cantharidin compared to pre-drug values is plotted. Summarized concentration–response curve for the effect of cantharidin on force of contraction (D), time to peak tension (E: T1) and time to relaxation (E: T2), rate of tension development (F: dF/dtmax) and rate of tension relaxation (F: dF/dtmin). * p < 0.05 vs. CTR, # p < 0.05 vs. isoprenaline (Iso). Ordinates in A and B: Force of contraction in milli Newton (mN). Ordinates in A and B in mN. Ordinates in C and D in milli seconds (ms). Rate of contraction and rate of relaxation in E mN/s. Abscissae indicate concentrations of cantharidin in negative decadic concentrations. Horizontal bar in A indicates time axis in minutes (min). Significant differences versus control (CTR; pre-drug value) is indicated in asterisks. “n” indicates number of experiments