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Genome editing in peanuts: advancements, challenges and applications

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Genome editing, a powerful technology for precise manipulation of DNA sequences, has revolutionized the field of agricultural biotechnology. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in applying genome editing techniques to improve important crop plants, such as peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Peanuts are a vital source of oil and protein, and they play a crucial role in global food security. However, peanut crops face numerous challenges, including susceptibility to diseases, pests, and environmental stressors. The advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing tools has provided researchers with a rapid, efficient, and precise method to edit the peanut genome. Despite being a polyploid crop, several successful applications of genome editing in peanuts have been reported. For instance, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing has been used to increase oleic acid content in oil and allergen reduction in peanut varieties through precise genome modifications. However, despite these advancements, challenges remain in the widespread adoption of genome editing in peanuts, off-target effects, and unintended consequences. Advancements in CRISPR-based genome editing holds great promise for the improvement of peanuts by addressing its various prospective traits like phytate reduction, fresh seed dormancy, aflatoxin resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. However, careful consideration of issues, such as safety assessment, and public acceptance, is essential for the successful application and commercialization of genome-edited peanut varieties. Future research and collaborations are needed to overcome these challenges and fully harness the potential of genome editing in improving peanut crops for sustainable agriculture and global food security.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Director, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, for his support.

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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  1. ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, India

    Sushmita Singh, Chandramohan Sangh, Praveen Kona & Sandip Kumar Bera

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SS Conceptualization, Literature search and manuscript drafting; CS Conceptualization, manuscript drafting and editing; PK manuscript editing; SKB Supervision and manuscript editing.

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Correspondence to Chandramohan Sangh.

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Singh, S., Sangh, C., Kona, P. et al. Genome editing in peanuts: advancements, challenges and applications. Nucleus 67, 127–139 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-024-00482-6

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