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The Ambivalent Role of lncRNA Xist in Carcinogenesis

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Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Xist has emerged as a key modulator in dosage compensation by randomly inactivating one of the X chromosomes in mammals during embryonic development. Dysregulation of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) due to deletion of Xist has been proven to induce hematologic cancer in mice. However, this phenomenon is not consistent in humans as growing evidence suggests Xist can suppress or promote cancer growth in different organs of the human body. In this review, we discuss recent advances of XCI in human embryonic stem cells and provide an explanation for the seemingly contradictory roles of Xist in development of human cancer.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 107-2321-B-038-002); “TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine” from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan; and the Center of Excellence for Cancer Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (MOHW107-TDU-B-212-114020; MOHW107-TDU-B-212-114014; MOHW107-TDU-B-212-114026B). We thank Dr. Frank Lu for his invaluable advice and English proofreading.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yung-Kang Chen

  2. Department of General Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yung-Kang Chen

  3. Graduate Institute of Medical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yun Yen

  4. TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan

    Yun Yen

  5. Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yun Yen

  6. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yun Yen

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  1. Yung-Kang Chen
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Chen, YK., Yen, Y. The Ambivalent Role of lncRNA Xist in Carcinogenesis. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 15, 314–323 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-019-9871-z

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