Abstract
A suite of CrCe oxides facilitated hierarchical porous biochars from walnut husks and rice straws (XCryCe1-y/WSAC) were readily synthesized for formaldehyde (HCHO) abatement. BET, XRD, XPS, SEM, H2-TPR, TG-DTG, and in situ DRIFTS were adopted to disclose their physicochemical properties and the elimination mechanism of HCHO. 18%Cr0.5Ce0.5/WSAC exhibited splendid HCHO abatement efficiency (99.2%) at 280 °C. The effects of O2, SO2, H2O for HCHO abatement over 18%Cr0.5Ce0.5/WSAC were trialed, and the strangulation influences of SO2 counteracted the furtherance effect of O2 to some extent, which was relieved by the facilitation of H2O. CrOx-CeOx co-facilitated WSAC presented better performance than Cr or Ce oxide separately facilitated WSACs, which was associated with the redox cycle of Cr6+ + Ce3+ ↔ Cr3+ + Ce4+, resulting in higher redox capability, better dispersion of active ingredient, more oxygen vacancies and superior active oxygen mobility. Furthermore, the hierarchical porous support accelerated the diffusion and mass transfer of reactants and intermediates. Noteworthily, the effects of CrOx-CeOx and the hierarchical porous structure of the support on the tolerance to SO2 and H2O were deeply and systematically investigated. Ultimately, 18%Cr0.5Ce0.5/WSAC emerged desirable prospects in practical applications thanks to splendid catalytic performance and satisfactory resistance to SO2 and H2O.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to extend their sincere gratitude to Deyoubo Suzhou and the Changsha Scientific Compass Institute for their assistance in the experimental characterization.
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This study was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2024JJ5335), the Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department (24A0312), Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology Design and Safety, Ministry of Education (KLANETDS-KF-202319), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52270102).
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Huiyu Xiong and Xiaoxin Feng contributed equally to this work. The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript.
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Xiong, H., Feng, X., Gao, L. et al. Outstanding Formaldehyde Abatement Performance and Preferable Resistance to SO2 and H2O over CrOx-CeOx Facilitated Hierarchical Porous Biochars Catalysts. Water Air Soil Pollut 236, 279 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-025-07922-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-025-07922-2