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Anatomy of the Poliovirus Internal Ribosome Entry Site

  • Chapter
Cap-Independent Translation

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 203))

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Abstract

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The positive strand genomic RNAs of picornaviruses present several unique structural features to the metabolic machinery of a eukaryotic cell. Such features include the absence of a 5’ terminal m7G cap group that is usually required for efficient translation, the presence of a small protein (VPg) covalently attached to the 5’ end of the viral RNA, an unusually long (600-1200 nts) stretch of 5’ noncoding region (5’ NCR) sequences upstream of the initiator AUG, the arrangement of these 5’ NCR sequences into extensive and complex secondary and tertiary structures, and the presence of multiple AUG codons upstream of the initiator AUG that may place limitations on the ability of cytoplasmic ribosomes to “scan” these sequences prior to selecting the correct initiation codon used for protein synthesis. Compelling evidence for internal entry of ribosomes and RNA- protein interactions at internal sites within the 5’ NCR of picornavirus RNAs came from in vitro and cell culture translation studies using dicistronic mRNAs for poliovirus (Pelletier and Sonenberg 1988, 1989), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV; Jang et al. 1988, 1989; Molla et al. 1992), foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV; Belsham and Brangwyn 1990) and hepatitis A virus (HAV; Glass et al. 1993; Brown et al. 1994).

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  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92717, USA

    E. Ehrenfeld

  2. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92717, USA

    B. L. Semler

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  1. E. Ehrenfeld
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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Box 172, Denver, CO, 80262, USA

    Peter Sarnow

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Ehrenfeld, E., Semler, B.L. (1995). Anatomy of the Poliovirus Internal Ribosome Entry Site. In: Sarnow, P. (eds) Cap-Independent Translation. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 203. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79663-0_3

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