GAL1 galactokinase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: GAL1
Official Full Name: galactokinase
Primary source: SGD:S000000224
Locus tag: YBR020W
See related: AllianceGenome:SGD:S000000224; FungiDB:YBR020W; VEuPathDB:YBR020W
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C (strain: S288C)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Saccharomycotina; Saccharomycetes; Saccharomycetales; Saccharomycetaceae; Saccharomyces
Summary: Enables galactokinase activity. Involved in carbohydrate phosphorylation; galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose, Leloir pathway; and positive regulation of transcription by galactose. Located in cytoplasm. Orthologous to human GALK2 (galactokinase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

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See GAL1 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: II

Exon count:: 1

Sequence:: Chromosome: II; NC_001134.8 (279021..280607)

Chromosome II - NC_001134.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_001134.8

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

What makes a histone variant a variant: Changing H2A to become H2A.Z.
Title: What makes a histone variant a variant: Changing H2A to become H2A.Z.
Chromatin regulatory genes differentially interact in networks to facilitate distinct GAL1 activity and noise profiles.
Title: Chromatin regulatory genes differentially interact in networks to facilitate distinct GAL1 activity and noise profiles.
FACT interacts with Set3 HDAC and fine-tunes GAL1 transcription in response to environmental stimulation.
Title: FACT interacts with Set3 HDAC and fine-tunes GAL1 transcription in response to environmental stimulation.
Data show that long non-coding RNA (GAL10-ncRNA) inhibits transition of cells to the ON state by repressing stochastic Gal1p expression and this inhibitory effect is subsequently counteracted by the inducing activity of Gal1p galactokinase itself in ON cells.
Title: Bimodal expression of yeast GAL genes is controlled by a long non-coding RNA and a bifunctional galactokinase.
Both novel and known locus-specific DNA-protein interactions were identified at the ENO2 and GAL1 promoter regions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and revealed subgroups of proteins present in significantly different levels at the loci in cells grown on glucose versus galactose as the carbon source
Title: HyCCAPP as a tool to characterize promoter DNA-protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
three histone methylation mutants exhibited more severe growth defects and slower activation of GAL1, SSA3 and PHO5 than those of wild type
Title: [Effects of histone H3 K4L and K36L mutations on the cell growth and the transcription of GAL1, SSA3 and PHO5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae].
we show that the release of Ulp1 from the NPC increases the kinetics of GAL1 derepression, whereas artificial NPC anchoring of Ulp1 in the Deltamlp1/2 strain restores normal GAL1 regulation
Title: The nuclear pore regulates GAL1 gene transcription by controlling the localization of the SUMO protease Ulp1.
ChAP-MS technique was used to enrich a ~1,000 base pair section of GAL1 chromatin under transcriptionally active and repressive conditions and identify bound proteins and histone posttranslational modifications.
Title: ChAP-MS: a method for identification of proteins and histone posttranslational modifications at a single genomic locus.
Localization to the nuclear periphery was found to dampen initial GAL gene induction and was required for rapid repression after gene inactivation, revealing a function for the nuclear periphery in repressing endogenous GAL gene expression.
Title: A negative feedback loop at the nuclear periphery regulates GAL gene expression.
The spatial regulation of GAL1 and CLN3 transcripts is what allows growth to be maintained during fluctuations of glucose availability.
Title: Antagonistic gene transcripts regulate adaptation to new growth environments.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (25)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by SGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables galactokinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables galactokinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables galactokinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables galactokinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables nucleotide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in carbohydrate phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in carbohydrate phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose, Leloir pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose, Leloir pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in galactose metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in galactose metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in galactose metabolic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by galactose	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by galactose	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
part_of transcription regulator complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: galactokinase

NP_009576.1

EC 2.7.1.6

Galactokinase; phosphorylates alpha-D-galactose to alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate in the first step of galactose catabolism; expression regulated by Gal4p; human homolog GALK2 complements yeast null mutant; GAL1 has a paralog, GAL3, that arose from the whole genome duplication