ResearchIn-Press PreviewGeneticsInfectious diseaseNephrology
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10.1172/jci.insight.199689
Urobiota analysis and genome-wide association study in pediatric recurrent urinary tract infections and vesicoureteral reflux
Miguel Verbitsky,1 Pavan Khosla,1 Daniel Bivona,1 Atlas Khan,1 Yask Gupta,1 Heekuk Park,2 Tian H. Shen,1 Aryan Ghotra,1 Katherine Xu,1 Iman A. Ghavami,1 Priya Krithivasan,1 Jeremiah Martino,1 Tanya Sezin,3 Tze Y. Lim,1 Victoria Kolupaeva,4 Nita A. Limdi,5 Yuan Luo,6 Hakon Hakonarson,7 Simone Sanna-Cherchi,1 Krzysztof Kiryluk,1 Cathy L. Mendelsohn,8 Anne-Catrin Uhlemann,2 Jonathan Barasch,1 and Ali G. Gharavi1
1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
3Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
4Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
5Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
6Division of Statistics and Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
7Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
8Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
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Published December 9, 2025 - More info
Copyright © 2025, Verbitsky et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
