��<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns:mv="http://macVmlSchemaUri" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta name="Title" content="Freedom of Religion or Belief"> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 14"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 14"> <link rel="File-List" href="religion_files/filelist.xml"> <link rel="Edit-Time-Data" href="religion_files/editdata.mso"> <!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--> <title>Freedom of Religion or Belief</title> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Ami Hutchinson</o:Author> <o:LastAuthor>Ami Hutchinson</o:LastAuthor> <o:Revision>6</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>7</o:TotalTime> <o:Created>2016-03-20T20:52:00Z</o:Created> <o:LastSaved>2016-03-20T21:08:00Z</o:LastSaved> <o:Pages>13</o:Pages> <o:Words>8444</o:Words> <o:Characters>48136</o:Characters> <o:Company>University of Minnesota Law School</o:Company> <o:Lines>401</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>112</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>56468</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>14.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> <link rel="themeData" href="religion_files/themedata.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:Zoom>150</w:Zoom> <w:SpellingState>Clean</w:SpellingState> <w:GrammarState>Clean</w:GrammarState> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="&#45;-"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="276"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; panose-1:2 7 3 9 2 2 5 2 4 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:Verdana; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Verdana; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Lucida Grande"; panose-1:2 11 6 0 4 5 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520090897 1342218751 0 0 447 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Times; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} h2 {mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 2 Char"; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:2; font-size:18.0pt; font-family:Times; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; font-weight:bold;} p.MsoCommentText, li.MsoCommentText, div.MsoCommentText {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-link:"Comment Text Char"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} span.MsoCommentReference {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-ansi-font-size:9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-priority:99; color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} p {mso-style-priority:99; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Times; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoCommentSubject, li.MsoCommentSubject, div.MsoCommentSubject {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:"Comment Text"; mso-style-link:"Comment Subject Char"; mso-style-next:"Comment Text"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; font-weight:bold;} p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Lucida Grande"; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.MsoRMPane, li.MsoRMPane, div.MsoRMPane {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph {mso-style-priority:34; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst {mso-style-priority:34; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-type:export-only; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle {mso-style-priority:34; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-type:export-only; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast {mso-style-priority:34; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-type:export-only; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} span.Heading2Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 2 Char"; mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 2"; mso-ansi-font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� �0�0�0�0"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#4F81BD; mso-themecolor:accent1; font-weight:bold;} span.apple-converted-space {mso-style-name:apple-converted-space; mso-style-unhide:no;} span.BalloonTextChar {mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char"; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Balloon Text"; mso-ansi-font-size:9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Lucida Grande"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Lucida Grande"; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:"Lucida Grande"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Lucida Grande";} span.CommentTextChar {mso-style-name:"Comment Text Char"; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Comment Text"; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} span.CommentSubjectChar {mso-style-name:"Comment Subject Char"; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-parent:"Comment Text Char"; mso-style-link:"Comment Subject"; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; font-weight:bold;} span.msoIns {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-style-name:""; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single; color:teal;} span.SpellE {mso-style-name:""; mso-spl-e:yes;} span.GramE {mso-style-name:""; mso-gram-e:yes;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page WordSection1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 2.0in 1.0in 2.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:37121398; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:715787510 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:1.0in; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:1.5in; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l0:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.0in; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l0:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.5in; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l0:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:3.0in; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l0:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:3.5in; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l0:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:4.0in; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l0:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:4.5in; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l0:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:5.0in; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l1 {mso-list-id:58140640; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-880373500 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l1:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l1:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l1:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l1:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l1:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l1:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l1:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l1:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l1:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l2 {mso-list-id:141584746; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-2028550646 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l2:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l2:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l2:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l2:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l2:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l2:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l2:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l2:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l2:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l3 {mso-list-id:236718191; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-2129229316 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l3:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l3:level2 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l3:level3 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l3:level4 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l3:level5 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l3:level6 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l3:level7 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l3:level8 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l3:level9 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l4 {mso-list-id:401760296; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1120972904 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l4:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l4:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l4:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l4:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l4:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l4:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l4:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l4:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l4:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l5 {mso-list-id:440420274; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1674315244 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l5:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l5:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l5:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l5:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l5:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l5:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l5:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l5:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l5:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l6 {mso-list-id:459038863; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:250876112 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l6:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l6:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l6:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l6:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l6:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l6:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l6:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l6:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l6:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l7 {mso-list-id:541017614; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1205169822 -1763819372 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l7:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l7:level2 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:1.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l7:level3 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:1.75in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l7:level4 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l7:level5 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l7:level6 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:3.25in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l7:level7 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:3.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l7:level8 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:4.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l7:level9 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:4.75in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l8 {mso-list-id:693263013; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1403713662 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l8:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l8:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l8:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l8:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l8:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l8:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l8:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l8:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l8:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l9 {mso-list-id:710106362; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1985297144 1220713204 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l9:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; mso-ansi-font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;} @list l9:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l9:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l9:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l9:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l9:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l9:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l9:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l9:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l10 {mso-list-id:756485446; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1391409298 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l10:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l10:level2 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l10:level3 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l10:level4 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l10:level5 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l10:level6 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l10:level7 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l10:level8 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l10:level9 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l11 {mso-list-id:824013176; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:448198460 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l11:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l11:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l11:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l11:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l11:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l11:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l11:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l11:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l11:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l12 {mso-list-id:904805156; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1597382130 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l12:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l12:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l12:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l12:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l12:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l12:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l12:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l12:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l12:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l13 {mso-list-id:993754079; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1261807344 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l13:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l13:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l13:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l13:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l13:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l13:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l13:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l13:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l13:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l14 {mso-list-id:997273196; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1760715496 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l14:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l14:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l14:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l14:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l14:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l14:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l14:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l14:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l14:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l15 {mso-list-id:1053164030; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:557065462 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l15:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l15:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l15:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l15:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l15:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l15:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l15:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l15:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l15:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l16 {mso-list-id:1077247408; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1106695124 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l16:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l16:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l16:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l16:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l16:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l16:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l16:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l16:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l16:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l17 {mso-list-id:1189680704; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1727265328 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l17:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l17:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l17:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l17:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l17:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l17:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l17:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l17:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l17:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l18 {mso-list-id:1209416667; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:2096284304 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l18:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l18:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l18:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l18:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l18:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l18:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l18:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l18:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l18:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l19 {mso-list-id:1215316190; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1544121250 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l19:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l19:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l19:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l19:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l19:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l19:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l19:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l19:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l19:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l20 {mso-list-id:1228998236; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1824394730 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l20:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l20:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l20:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l20:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l20:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l20:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l20:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l20:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l20:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l21 {mso-list-id:1317303733; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-93304368 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l21:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l21:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l21:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l21:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l21:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l21:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l21:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l21:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l21:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l22 {mso-list-id:1332945910; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1140094150 -853633408 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l22:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l22:level2 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:1.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l22:level3 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:1.75in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l22:level4 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l22:level5 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l22:level6 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:3.25in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l22:level7 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:3.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l22:level8 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:4.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l22:level9 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:4.75in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l23 {mso-list-id:1427189878; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-824649650 -1465640148 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l23:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l23:level2 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:1.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l23:level3 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:1.75in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l23:level4 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l23:level5 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l23:level6 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:3.25in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l23:level7 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:3.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l23:level8 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:4.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l23:level9 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:4.75in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l24 {mso-list-id:1735203866; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1673781690 2020122010 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l24:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l24:level2 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:1.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l24:level3 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:1.75in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l24:level4 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l24:level5 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l24:level6 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:3.25in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l24:level7 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:3.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l24:level8 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:4.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l24:level9 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:4.75in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l25 {mso-list-id:1737127978; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1798588864 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l25:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l25:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l25:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l25:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l25:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l25:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l25:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l25:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l25:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l26 {mso-list-id:1848206570; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:2013811046 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l26:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l26:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l26:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l26:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l26:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l26:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l26:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l26:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l26:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l27 {mso-list-id:1873877696; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:36864294 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l27:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l27:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l27:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l27:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l27:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l27:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l27:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l27:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l27:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l28 {mso-list-id:1876581458; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:7119362 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l28:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l28:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l28:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l28:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l28:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l28:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l28:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l28:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l28:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l29 {mso-list-id:1905948306; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:878222090 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l29:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l29:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l29:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l29:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l29:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l29:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l29:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l29:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l29:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l30 {mso-list-id:1969699301; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1745855432 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l30:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l30:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l30:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l30:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l30:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l30:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l30:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l30:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l30:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l31 {mso-list-id:2007517988; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1815464060 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l31:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l31:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l31:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l31:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l31:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l31:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l31:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} @list l31:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l31:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:��; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l32 {mso-list-id:2140344501; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1170305108 -533804526 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l32:level1 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-text:"\(%1\)"; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l32:level2 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:1.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l32:level3 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:1.75in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l32:level4 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l32:level5 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l32:level6 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:3.25in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} @list l32:level7 {mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:3.75in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l32:level8 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:4.25in; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l32:level9 {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:right; margin-left:4.75in; text-indent:-9.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} table.MsoTableGrid {mso-style-name:"Table Grid"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-priority:59; mso-style-unhide:no; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"-�3� fg"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> </head> <body bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="tab-interval:.5in"> <div class="WordSection1"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-right:41.35pt;text-align:center"><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><img width="252" height="58" id="_x0000_i1025" src="http://www.umn.edu/humanrts/gifs/umsmlogo.gif" tppabs="http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/gifs/umsmlogo.gif" align="BOTTOM" border="0" naturalsizeflag="3"><p></p></span></p> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:41.35pt"><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> <hr size="2" width="100%" align="left"> </span></div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-right:41.35pt;text-align:center"><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br> </span><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>STUDY GUIDE:<br> Freedom of Religion or Belief<br> <br> </span></b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Fcopyrite.htm" target="_parent"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>Copyright</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>�</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>� 2003<span class="apple-converted-space">, 2016 </span></span><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Fhrcenter.htm" target="_parent"><span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>University of Minnesota Human Rights Center</span></a><span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:41.35pt"><span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Permission is granted to use this material for non-commercial purposes. Please use proper attribution.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-outline-level:2"><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Introduction<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><i><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>Defining religion or belief, including the right to non-religious beliefs<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>The word  religion, which comes from the Latin word <span class="SpellE"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">religare</i></span>, means  to tie, to bind fast. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>This etymology is favored by many based on its ability to explain the power religion has over people and the communities in which they live. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>Religion is commonly, but not always, associated with a particular system of faith and worship of a transcendent deity or deities. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>In human rights discourse, however, the use of the term  religion also includes support for the right to non-religious beliefs, such as atheism or agnosticism. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>In 1993 the Human Rights Committee, an independent body of 18 experts selected through a UN process, described religion or belief as  theistic, non-theistic and atheistic beliefs, as well as the right not to profess any religion or belief. <br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>Religious and non-religious beliefs bring hope and consolation to billions of people across the globe, and hold great potential for peace and reconciliation. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>They have also, however, been the source of great tension and conflict. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>This complexity, and the difficulty of defining  religion and  belief inclusively, is illustrated by the continuing struggle to protect freedom of religion or belief in the context of international human rights.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><i><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>A complex and contentious issue<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>The struggle for religious liberty has been ongoing for centuries, and has led to innumerable, often tragic conflicts. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>The twentieth century saw the codification of common values related to freedom of religion and belief in numerous international treaties, declarations and conventions.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>The United Nations recognized the importance of freedom of religion or belief in the�</span><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fb1udhr.htm" target="_parent"><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights</span></a><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>�(Universal Declaration), Article 18 of which states  Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right shall include freedom to have a religion or whatever belief of his [her] choice. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>Similar provisions can be found in Article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Civil and Political Covenant), as well as other regional and specialized human rights instruments (detailed below). However, attempts to develop an enforceable, binding document specifically related to the freedom of religion or belief have been unsuccessful.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>In 1966 the UN adopted the�</span><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fb3ccpr.htm" target="_parent"><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</span></a><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>, expanding its prior statement to address the manifestation of religion or belief.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 18 of the Civil and Political Covenant is widely regarded as one of the most important if not the most important articles on freedom of religion or belief.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>It reads:<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo3">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Times; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>���� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right shall include freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice, and freedom, either individually or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo3">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Times; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>��� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>No one shall be subject to <span class="GramE">coercion which</span> would impair his freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo3">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Times; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>��� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Freedom to manifest one s religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo3">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Times; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>��� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to have respect for the liberty of parents and, when applicable, legal guardians to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own convictions.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>Important though Article 18 is, it has not received the same international attention as other provisions of the Civil and Political Covenant. Detailed treaties, for example, have further codified the Civil and Political Covenant s prohibitions against torture, discrimination against women, and discrimination based on race.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>In contrast, perhaps due to the complexity of the topic and the political issues involved, Article 18 has not been elaborated and codified in the same way.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>Though the Civil and Political Covenant is a binding international treaty, the brief nature of attention to religious and conscious freedom leaves much to be desired.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"> <td width="100%" valign="top" style="width:100.0%;border:solid windowtext 2.25pt; background:#B6DDE8;mso-background-themecolor:accent5;mso-background-themetint: 102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0in;text-align:center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Historical Dates and Treaties<span class="msoIns"><ins cite="mailto:Ami%20Hutchinson" datetime="2016-03-20T15:35"><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</ins></span><p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0in;text-align:center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>1948</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>: </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fb1udhr.htm" target="_parent"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Universal Declaration of Human Rights</span></a></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Article 18<span class="msoIns"><ins cite="mailto:Ami%20Hutchinson" datetime="2016-03-20T15:35"><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</ins></span><p></p></i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0in;text-align:center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>1966</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>: </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fb3ccpr.htm" target="_parent"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</span></a></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Article 18<span class="msoIns"><ins cite="mailto:Ami%20Hutchinson" datetime="2016-03-20T15:35"><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</ins></span><p></p></i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0in;text-align:center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>1981</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>: </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fd4deidrb.htm" target="_parent"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief</span></a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span class="msoIns"><ins cite="mailto:Ami%20Hutchinson" datetime="2016-03-20T15:35"><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</ins></span></span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0in;text-align:center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>1986</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>: Establishment of the </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FEN%2FIssues%2FFreedomReligion%2FPages%2FFreedomReligionIndex.aspx" target="_parent"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Special Rapporteur</span></a></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'> to identify existing and emerging obstacles to the enjoyment of the right to freedom of religion or belief<span class="msoIns"><ins cite="mailto:Ami%20Hutchinson" datetime="2016-03-20T15:35"><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</ins></span><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0in;text-align:center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>1993</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>: Human Rights Committee s </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Fgencomm%2Fhrcom22.htm" target="_parent"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>General Comment Number 22</span></a></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'> on Article 18 of the Civil and Political Covenant <span class="msoIns"><ins cite="mailto:Ami%20Hutchinson" datetime="2016-03-20T15:35"><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</ins></span><p></p></span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'><br> </span><a name="rights" target="_parent" href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2F."></a><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Rights at Stake<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>1981 Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-outline-level:2"><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>After twenty years of debate, intense struggle and hard work, in 1981 the General Assembly made strides towards achieving the goal of introducing a treaty on freedom of religion or belief, adopting (without a vote) the </span><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fd4deidrb.htm" target="_parent"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> (1981 Declaration)</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>While the 1981 Declaration lacks any enforcement procedures, it remains the most important contemporary codification of the principles of freedom of religion and belief.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-outline-level:2"><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>The 1981 Declaration contains eight articles, three of which (1, 5, and 6) define specific rights. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>The remaining articles act in a supportive role by outlining measures to promote tolerance and/or prevent discrimination. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>Taken together, the eight articles constitute a paradigm to advocate for tolerance and to prevent discrimination based on religion, belief, and freedom of conscience. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>The1981 UN Declaration identifies rights individuals, states, religious institutions, parents, legal guardians, children, and groups of persons.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-outline-level:2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 1: <i>Legal Definition</i></span></b><i><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span></span></i><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>This article repeats several rights from the Civil and Political Covenant, including the right to <span class="GramE">thought</span>, conscience, religion and/or belief.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>It advocates for the right to adopt the religion or belief of one s choice, and to practice such religion or belief freely subject to the freedom and safety of others.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>Article I inherently implies that States may only limit the manifestation of religion or belief as necessary to protect public safety, order, health or morals, or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others.<i><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></i></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo15;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>���� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right shall include freedom to have a religion or whatever belief of his choice, and freedom, either individually or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in worship, observance, <span class="GramE">practice</span> and teaching.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo15;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>��� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>No one shall be subject to <span class="GramE">coercion which</span> would impair his freedom to have a religion or belief of his choice.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo15;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>��� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Freedom to manifest one's religion or belief may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 2:�<i>Classification of Discrimination.</i><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span></span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>This article identifies categories of potential violations to the freedom of religion or belief.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>It affirms the right not to be subject to discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief by states, institutions, groups of persons, or individuals.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l22 level1 lfo16;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>���� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>No one shall be subject to discrimination by any State, institution, group of persons, or person on the grounds of religion or other belief.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l22 level1 lfo16;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>��� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>For the purposes of the present Declaration, the expression "intolerance and discrimination based on religion or belief" means any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on religion or belief and having as its purpose or as its effect nullification or impairment of the recognition, enjoyment or exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms on an equal basis.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 3:�<i>Link to Other Rights.</i><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span></span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>This article links the 1981 Declaration to other international documents, declaring that discrimination based on religion or belief constitutes an affront to human dignity and a disavowal of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>Such discrimination shall accordingly be condemned as a violation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and enunciated in detail in both the Civil and Political Covenant and the </span><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fb2esc.htm" target="_parent"><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</span></a><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:.75in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;background:white'>Discrimination between human being on the grounds of religion or belief constitutes an affront to human dignity and a disavowal of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and shall be condemned as a violation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and enunciated in detail in the International Covenants on Human Rights, and as an obstacle to friendly and peaceful relations between nations.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 4:�<i>Possible Solutions.</i><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span></span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 4 declares that all States [including all sectors of civil society] shall take effective measures to prevent and eliminate discrimination based on religion or belief through.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l24 level1 lfo17;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>���� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>All States shall take effective measures to prevent and eliminate discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief in the recognition, exercise and enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms in all fields of civil, economic, political, social and cultural life.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l24 level1 lfo17;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>��� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>All States shall make all efforts to enact or rescind legislation where necessary to prohibit any such discrimination, and to take all appropriate measures to combat intolerance on the grounds of religion or other beliefs in this matter.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 5:�<i>Parents, Guardians, <span class="GramE">Children</span>.</i><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span></span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 5 addresses the numerous rights at stake, including:<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l18 level1 lfo12">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Right of parents or legal guardians to bring the child up in their religion or belief;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l18 level1 lfo12">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Right of the child to education in religion or belief, in accordance with the wishes of parents, and the right not to be compelled to receive education against their wishes;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l18 level1 lfo12">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Right of the child to protection from discrimination and to education for tolerance;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l18 level1 lfo12">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Right of the child s wishes when not under the care of parents or legal guardians;<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l18 level1 lfo12">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Right of the State to limit practices injurious to child's development or health.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l23 level1 lfo18;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>���� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>The parents or, as the case may be, the legal guardians of the child have the right to organize the life within the family in accordance with their religion or belief and bearing in mind the moral education in which they believe the child should be brought up.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l23 level1 lfo18;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>��� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Every child shall enjoy the right to have access to education in the matter of religion or belief in accordance with the wishes of his parents or, as the case may be, legal guardians, and shall not be compelled to receive teaching on religion or belief against the wishes of his parents or legal guardians, the best interests of the child being the guiding principle.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l23 level1 lfo18;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>��� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>The child shall be protected from any form of discrimination on the ground of religion or belief. He shall be brought up in a spirit of understanding, tolerance, friendship among peoples, peace and universal brotherhood, respect for freedom of religion or belief of others, and in full consciousness that his energy and talents should be devoted to the service of his fellow men.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l23 level1 lfo18;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>��� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>In the case of a child who is not under the care either of his parents or of legal guardians, due account shall be taken of their expressed wishes or of any other proof of their wishes in the matter of religion or belief, the best interests of the child being the guiding principle. 5. Practices of a religion or belief in which a child is brought up must not be injurious to his physical or mental health or to his full development, taking into account article 1, paragraph 3, of the present Declaration.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 6:�<i>Manifesting Religion or Belief.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></i></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white"><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>In accordance with article I of the present Declaration, and subject to the provisions of article 1, paragraph 3, the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief shall include, inter alia, the following freedoms:<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l32 level1 lfo19;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(a)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>To worship or assemble in connection with a religion or belief, and to establish and maintain places for these purposes;<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l32 level1 lfo19;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(b)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>To establish and maintain appropriate charitable or humanitarian institutions;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l32 level1 lfo19;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(c)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>To make, acquire and use to an adequate extent the necessary articles and materials related to the rites or customs of a religion or belief;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l32 level1 lfo19;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(d)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>To write, issue and disseminate relevant publications in these areas;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l32 level1 lfo19;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(e)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>To teach a religion or belief in places suitable for these purposes;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l32 level1 lfo19;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(f)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>To solicit and receive voluntary financial and other contributions from individuals and institutions;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l32 level1 lfo19;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(g)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>To train, appoint, elect or designate by succession appropriate leaders called for by the requirements and standards of any religion or belief;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l32 level1 lfo19;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(h)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>To observe days of rest and to celebrate holidays and ceremonies in accordance with the precepts of one's religion or belief;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l32 level1 lfo19;background:white">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(i)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>��� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>To establish and maintain communications with individuals and communities in matters of religion and belief at the national and international levels.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 7:�<i>National Legislation.</i><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span></span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>This article declares that all of the rights at stake in the 1981 UN Declaration need to be accorded in national legislation in such a manner that everyone shall be able to avail themselves of such rights and freedoms in practice.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in;tab-stops:.75in"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>The rights and freedoms set forth in the present Declaration shall be accorded in national legislation in such a manner that everyone shall be able to avail himself of such rights and freedoms in practice.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 8:�<i>Existing Protections.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span></i></span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>This article specifies that the 1981 UN Declaration is non-binding on States so as to ensure that the Declaration does not negate existing legal protections on freedom of religion or belief. <br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.75in"><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Nothing in the present Declaration shall be construed as restricting or derogating from any right defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenants on Human Rights.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Aftermath of the 1981 Declaration<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>The 1981 UN Declaration was a compromise between states, drafted after twenty years of complex discussion and debate, and after final passage by the General Assembly. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>Though it represented a remarkable step forward, numerous issues remain to be addressed:<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l14 level1 lfo14">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>National law versus international law; How will states incorporate the right to freedom of religion or belief into their national legal systems<span class="GramE">?;</span><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l14 level1 lfo14">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Proselytism;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l14 level1 lfo14">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Conscientious objection to military service;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l14 level1 lfo14">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Status of women in religion or belief;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l14 level1 lfo14">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Claims of superiority or inferiority of religions and beliefs;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l14 level1 lfo14">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Choosing and changing a religious commitment;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l14 level1 lfo14">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Religious registration and association laws; and<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l14 level1 lfo14">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Public media and religion or belief, and the relationship of religion or belief to the state; and<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l14 level1 lfo14">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Religious extremism.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-outline-level:2"><a name="III" target="_parent" href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2F."></a><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>International and Regional Instruments of Protection<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>International legal instruments take the form of a�<i>treaty</i>�(also called an agreement, convention, covenant or protocol), which may be binding on the contracting states. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>When negotiations are completed, the text of a treaty is established as authentic and definitive and is�<i>signed</i>�by the representatives of states. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>There are various means by which a state expresses its consent to be bound by a treaty, with the most common being ratification or accession. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>A new treaty is�<i>ratified</i>�by those states that have negotiated the instrument, while a state that has not participated in the negotiations may, at a later stage,�<i>accede</i>�to the treaty. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>The treaty enters into force when a pre-determined number of states have ratified or acceded to the treaty.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>When a state ratifies or accedes to a treaty, that state may make reservations, understandings or declarations (RUDs) to one or more articles of the treaty (unless the treaty prohibits this actions or if they would override the point and purpose of the treaty, or if another party objects). <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>Reservations are exceptions that a state makes to a treaty provisions that it does not agree to follow and may normally be withdrawn at any time. In some countries, international treaties take precedence over national law. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>In others such as the United States a specific law or vote may be required to incorporate an international treaty at the national level. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>Almost all states that have ratified or acceded to an international treaty may issue decrees, amend existing laws, or introduce new legislation in order for the treaty to be fully effective on the national territory.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>When the </span><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>1981 Declaration<span style="color: black"> was adopted as a non-binding human rights instrument, several states had reservations, including Romania, Poland, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and the then U.S.S.R. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>These states believed that the 1981 Declaration did not take sufficient account of atheistic beliefs. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>Romania, Syria, Czechoslovakia, and the U.S.S.R. made a general reservation regarding provisions not in accordance with their national legislation. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span>Iraq entered a collective reservation on behalf of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (which at the time included Jordan, Afghanistan, United Arab Emirates, Indonesia, Uganda, Iran, Pakistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Burkina-Faso [Upper Volta], Turkey, Chad, Tunisia, Algeria, Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, Syria, Sierra Leone, Iraq, Oman, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Palestine, Comoros, Qatar, Cameroon, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Maldives, Mali, Malaysia, Egypt, Morocco, Mauritania, Niger, and Yemen) as to the applicability of any provision or wording in the Declaration which might be contrary to <span class="SpellE">Shari'a</span> (Islamic) law or to legislation or acts based on Islamic law. Syria and Iran specifically endorsed this reservation.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>Selected human rights instruments with references to religion or belief include the following:<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2F" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>UNITED NATIONS</span></b></a><b><u><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue'><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Faunchart.htm" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>United Nations Charter</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'> (1945)</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l21 level1 lfo20">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 55</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>: With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, the United Nations shall promote:<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l21 level2 lfo20">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span class="GramE"><span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>higher</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'> standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l21 level2 lfo20">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span class="GramE"><span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>solutions</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'> of international economic, social, health, and related problems; and international cultural and educational <span class="SpellE">cooperations</span>; and<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l21 level2 lfo20">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span class="GramE"><span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>universal</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'> respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fb1udhr.htm" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Universal Declaration of Human Rights</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1948)<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-right:41.35pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo21">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 18</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>: </span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; background:white'>Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l9 level1 lfo21">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 26</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>:<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l9 level2 lfo21">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Everyone has the right to education.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>Elementary education shall be compulsory.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l9 level2 lfo21">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l9 level2 lfo21">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fx1cppcg.htm" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1948)<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l12 level1 lfo22">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 2</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>: In the present convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l12 level2 lfo22">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Killing members of the group;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l12 level2 lfo22">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l12 level2 lfo22">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l12 level2 lfo22">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l12 level2 lfo22">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fv1crs.htm" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1951)<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l12 level1 lfo22">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 4</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>: The Contracting States shall accord to refugees within their territories treatment at least as <span class="SpellE">favourable</span> as that accorded to their nationals with respect to freedom to practice their religion and freedom as regards the religious education of their children.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fw3cssp.htm" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1954)</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l12 level1 lfo22">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 3</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>: Non-discrimination<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l12 level2 lfo22">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>The Contracting States shall apply the provisions of this Convention to stateless persons without discrimination as to race, religion or country of origin.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l12 level1 lfo22">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 4</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>: Religion<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l12 level2 lfo22">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>The Contracting States shall accord to stateless persons within their territories treatment at least as <span class="SpellE">favourable</span> as that accorded to their nationals with respect to freedom to practice their religion and freedom as regards the religious education of their children.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fp1cde.html" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Convention against Discrimination in Education</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1960)</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l15 level1 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 1</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span></span><span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">For the purposes of this Convention, the term `discrimination' includes any distinction, exclusion, limitation or preference which, being based on race, <span class="SpellE">colour</span>, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, economic condition or birth, has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing equality of treatment in education . . . <br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l15 level1 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 2</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span></span><span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">When permitted in a State, the following situations shall not be deemed to constitute discrimination, within the meaning of Article 1 of this Convention: </span><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l15 level2 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(a) . . . </span><span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l15 level2 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(b) The establishment or maintenance, for religious or linguistic reasons, of separate educational systems or institutions offering an education which is in keeping with the wishes of the pupil's parents or legal guardians, if participation in such systems or attendance at such institutions is optional and if the education provided conforms to such standards as may be laid down or approved by the competent authorities, in particular for education of the same <span class="GramE">level ;</span> </span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l15 level2 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(c) . . <span class="GramE">. .</span><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l15 level1 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Article 5</span></b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana">:</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l15 level2 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">1.The States Parties to this Convention agree that: </span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.5in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l15 level3 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(a) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; it shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace; </span><span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.5in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l15 level3 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(b) It is essential to respect the liberty of parents and, where applicable, of legal guardians, firstly to choose for their children institutions other than those maintained by the public authorities but conforming to such minimum educational standards as may be laid down or approved by the competent authorities and, secondly, to ensure in a manner consistent with the procedures followed in the State for the application of its legislation, the religious and moral education of the children in conformity with their own convictions; and no person or group of persons should be compelled to receive religious instruction inconsistent with his or their convictions; </span><span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.5in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l15 level3 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(c) It is essential to recognize the right of members of national minorities to carry on their own educational activities, including the maintenance of schools and, depending on the educational policy of each State, the use or the teaching of their own language, provided however: </span><span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:2.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l15 level4 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(<span class="SpellE">i</span>) That this right is not exercised in a manner which prevents the members of these minorities from understanding the culture and language of the community as a whole and from participating in its activities, or which prejudices national sovereignty; </span><span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:2.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l15 level4 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(ii) That the standard of education is not lower than the general standard laid down or approved by the competent authorities; and </span><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:2.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l15 level4 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(iii) That attendance at such schools is optional. </span><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l15 level2 lfo31">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">2.The States Parties to this Convention undertake to take all necessary measures to ensure the application of the principles enunciated in paragraph 1 of this Article.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fd1cerd.htm" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1965)<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l11 level1 lfo24">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 5</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>: In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, <span class="SpellE">colour</span>, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights:<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l11 level2 lfo24">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span><span class="GramE">. .</span> . <p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l11 level2 lfo24">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>(d) Other civil rights, in particular:<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.5in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l11 level3 lfo24">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">�</span><span class="GramE">. .</span> . <p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.5in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l11 level3 lfo24">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>(vii) The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion . . <span class="GramE">. .</span><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><u><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:blue'><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fb3ccpr.htm" target="_parent">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a></span></u></b><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'> (1966)<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l25 level1 lfo32">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 18</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>: <p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l25 level2 lfo32">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right shall include freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice, and freedom, either individually or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l25 level2 lfo32">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>No one shall be subject to <span class="GramE">coercion which</span> would impair his freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l25 level2 lfo32">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Freedom to manifest one s religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l25 level2 lfo32">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to have respect for the liberty of parents and, when applicable, legal guardians to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own convictions.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l11 level1 lfo24">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 26</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span></span><span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, <span class="SpellE">colour</span>, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fb2esc.htm" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1966)</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-right:41.35pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-pagination:none;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo24; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 13</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>: </span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-pagination:none;mso-list:l11 level2 lfo24;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to education. They agree that education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity, and shall strengthen the respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. They further agree that education shall enable all persons to participate effectively in a free society, promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and all racial, ethnic or religious groups, and further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-pagination:none;mso-list:l11 level2 lfo24;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">2. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize that, with a view to achieving the full realization of this right:<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-pagination:none;mso-list:l11 level3 lfo24;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(a) Primary education shall be compulsory and available free to all;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-pagination:none;mso-list:l11 level3 lfo24;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(b) Secondary education in its different forms, including technical and vocational secondary education, shall be made generally available and accessible to all by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-pagination:none;mso-list:l11 level3 lfo24;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(c) Higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-pagination:none;mso-list:l11 level3 lfo24;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(d) Fundamental education shall be encouraged or intensified as far as possible for those persons who have not received or completed the whole period of their primary education;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-pagination:none;mso-list:l11 level3 lfo24;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">(e) The development of a system of schools at all levels shall be actively pursued, an adequate fellowship system shall be established, and the material conditions of teaching staff shall be continuously improved.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-pagination:none;mso-list:l11 level2 lfo24;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">3. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to have respect for the liberty of parents and, when applicable, legal guardians to choose for their children schools, other than those established by the public authorities, which conform to such minimum educational standards as may be laid down or approved by the State and to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own convictions.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-pagination:none;mso-list:l11 level2 lfo24;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.0pt; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">4. No part of this article shall be construed so as to interfere with the liberty of individuals and bodies to establish and direct educational institutions, subject always to the observance of the principles set forth in paragraph I of this article and to the requirement that the education given in such institutions shall conform to such minimum standards as may be laid down by the State.</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</span><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana"><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fe1cedaw.htm" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1979)<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l30 level1 lfo25">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 16</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'> of CEDAW deals specifically with the rights of women relating to marriage and family relations, and the rights of children to be protected from forced marriage.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fk2crc.htm" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Convention on the Rights of the Child</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1989)</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l30 level1 lfo25">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 14</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>:<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l30 level2 lfo25">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">1. States Parties shall respect the right of the child to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l30 level2 lfo25">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">2. States Parties shall respect the rights and duties of the parents and, when applicable, legal guardians, to provide direction to the child in the exercise of his or her right in a manner consistent with the evolving capacities of the child.</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l30 level2 lfo25">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">3. Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health or morals, or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others.</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Fgencomm%2Fhrcom22.htm" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>General Comment Number 22 on Article 18</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1993)<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l30 level1 lfo25">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Paragraph 1</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>: </span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Times">The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (which includes the freedom to hold beliefs) in article 18.1 is far-reaching and profound; it encompasses freedom of thought on all matters, personal conviction and the commitment to religion or belief, whether manifested individually or in community with others. The Committee draws the attention of States parties to the fact that the freedom of thought and the freedom of conscience are protected equally with the freedom of religion and belief. The fundamental character of these freedoms is also reflected in the fact that this provision cannot be derogated from, even in time of public emergency, as stated in article 4.2 of the Covenant.</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l30 level1 lfo25">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Paragraph 11</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>: </span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:Times">Many individuals have claimed the right to refuse to perform military service (conscientious objection) on the basis that such right derives from their freedoms under article 18. In response to such claims, a growing number of States have in their laws exempted from compulsory military service citizens who genuinely hold religious or other beliefs that forbid the performance of military service and replaced it with alternative national service. The Covenant does not explicitly refer to a right to conscientious objection, but the Committee believes that such a right can be derived from article 18, inasmuch as the obligation to use lethal force may seriously conflict with the freedom of conscience and the right to manifest one's religion or belief. When <span class="GramE">this right is recognized by law or practice</span>, there shall be no differentiation among conscientious objectors on the basis of the nature of their particular beliefs; likewise, there shall be no discrimination against conscientious objectors because they have failed to perform military service. The Committee invites States parties to report on the conditions under which persons can be exempted from military service on the basis of their rights under article 18 and on the nature and length of alternative national service.</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fdeclra.htm" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1994)</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l4 level1 lfo33">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 12</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>:</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times"> </span><span style='font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo33">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times">1. Indigenous peoples have the right to manifest, <span class="SpellE">practise</span>, develop and teach their spiritual and religious traditions, customs and ceremonies; the right to maintain, protect, and have access in privacy to their religious and cultural sites; the right to the use and control of their ceremonial objects; and the right to the repatriation of their human remains. </span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo33">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>2. States shall seek to enable the access and/or repatriation of ceremonial objects and human remains in their possession through fair, transparent and effective mechanisms developed in conjunction with indigenous peoples concerned. <br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="color:black"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l4 level1 lfo33">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 13</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>:<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo33">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>1. Indigenous peoples have the right to revitalize, use, develop and transmit to future generations their histories, languages, oral traditions, philosophies, writing systems and literatures, and to designate and retain their own names for communities, places and persons. <span style="color:black"><p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo33">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>2. States shall take effective measures to ensure that this right is protected and also to ensure that indigenous peoples can understand and be understood in political, legal and administrative proceedings, where necessary through the provision of interpretation or by other appropriate means. <span style="color:black"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2FDefaultEN.asp" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>COUNCIL OF EUROPE</span></b></a><b><u><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue'><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fz17euroco.html" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1950)<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-right:41.35pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo28">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 9</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>: Freedom of thought, conscience and religion<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo28">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief, in worship, teaching, practice and observance.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo28">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Freedom to manifest one s religion or beliefs shall be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of public safety, for the protection of public order, health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.</span><u><span style="color:blue;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</span></u><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-right:41.35pt;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oas.org%2F" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>ORGANIZATION OF <span class="GramE">AMERICAN STATES</span> (OAS)</span></b></a><b><u><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:blue'><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:41.35pt"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Foasinstr%2Fzoas3con.htm" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>American Convention on Human Rights</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1969)<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:-.25in; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo29">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol; color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 12: Freedom of Conscience and Religion<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo29">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>1. Everyone has the right to freedom of conscience and of religion.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>This right includes freedom to maintain or to change one s religion or beliefs, and freedom to profess or disseminate one s religion or beliefs, either individually or together with others, in public or in private.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo29">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>2. No one shall be subject to restrictions that might impair his freedom to maintain or to change his religion or beliefs.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo29">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>3. Freedom to manifest one s religion or beliefs may be subject only to the limitations prescribed by law that are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals, or the rights or freedoms of others.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo29">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>4. Parents or guardians, as the case may be, have the right to provide for the religious and moral education of their children or wards that is in accord with their own convictions.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-right:41.35pt;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:13.5pt"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.au.int%2F" target="_parent"><b>AFRICAN UNION (formerly ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY, OAU)</b></a><b><u><span style="color:blue"><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></u></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:41.35pt"><span style="font-size:13.5pt"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fz1afchar.htm" target="_parent"><b>African [Banjul] Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights�</b></a><b>(1981)<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right:41.35pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo29">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times">Article 8</span></b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times">: Freedom of conscience, the profession and free practice of religion shall be guaranteed.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>No one may, subject to law and order, be submitted to measures restricting the exercise of these freedoms.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-right:41.35pt;text-align:center; tab-stops:0in"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arableagueonline.org%2F" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>THE ARAB LEAGUE</span></b></a><b><u><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue'><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:41.35pt;tab-stops:0in"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanrts.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Fislamic_declaration_HR.html" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Universal Islamic Declaration on Human Rights</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1981)<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-right:41.35pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo29;tab-stops:0in">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 12: Right to Belief, Thought and Speech<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo29;tab-stops:0in">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times">a) Every person has the right to express his thoughts and beliefs so long as he remains within the limits prescribed by the Law. No one, however, is entitled to disseminate falsehood or to circulate reports which may outrage public decency, or to indulge in slander, innuendo or to cast defamatory aspersions on other persons.</span><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo29;tab-stops:0in">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times">b) Pursuit of knowledge and search after truth is not only a right <span class="GramE">but</span> a duty of every Muslim.</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo29;tab-stops:0in">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times">c) It is the right and duty of every Muslim to protest and strive (within the limits set out by the Law) against oppression even if it involves challenging the highest authority in the state.</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo29;tab-stops:0in">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times">d) There shall be no bar on the dissemination of information provided it does not endanger the security of the society or the state and is confined within the limits imposed by the Law.</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo29;tab-stops:0in">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times">e) No one shall hold in contempt or ridicule the religious beliefs of others or incite public hostility against them; respect for the religious feelings of others is obligatory on all Muslims.</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-right:41.35pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo29;tab-stops:0in">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family: Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>Article 13: Right to Freedom of Religion<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level2 lfo29;tab-stops:0in">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:Times">Every person has the right to freedom of conscience and worship in accordance with his religious beliefs.</span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:41.35pt;tab-stops:0in"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Finstree%2Farabcharter.html" target="_parent"><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Arab Charter on Human Rights</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>�(1994)<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-right:41.35pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo30;tab-stops:0in">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 25: Persons belonging to minorities shall not be denied the right to enjoy their own culture, to use their own language and to practice their own religion.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span><span class="GramE">The exercise of these rights shall be governed by law</span>.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-right:41.35pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo30;tab-stops:0in">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">�<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>����� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Article 30:<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l8 level2 lfo30;tab-stops:0in">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>1. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion and no restrictions may be imposed on the exercise of such freedoms except as provided for by law.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l8 level2 lfo30;tab-stops:0in">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>2. The freedom to manifest one s religion or beliefs or to perform religious observances, either alone or in community with others, shall be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a tolerant society that respects human rights and freedoms for the protection and public safety, public order, public health or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others.<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l8 level2 lfo30;tab-stops:0in">&lt;![if !supportLists]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"; color:black'><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>�� </span></span></span>&lt;![endif]&gt;<span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Times; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>3. Parents or guardians have the freedom to provide for the religious and moral education of their children.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:41.35pt;tab-stops:0in"><a name="IV" target="_parent" href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2F."></a><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>National Protection and Service Agencies<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</span></b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>As called for by the Paris Principles and endorsed by the General Assembly in 1993 (Resolution 48/134), The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights supports the establishment and strengthening of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>NHRIs promote and monitor the effective implementation of international human rights standards at the national level.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>According to the OHCHR:<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;background:white'>NHRIs perform core protection issues, such as the prevention of torture and degrading treatment, summary executions, arbitrary detention and disappearances, or the protection of human rights defenders. NHRIs also play a role in advancing all aspects of the rule of law, including with regard to the judiciary, law enforcement agencies and the correctional system. NHRIs also contribute to effective Parliaments (ideally with a Human Rights body), strong and dynamic civil society organizations, alert and responsive media, a school system with human rights education <span class="SpellE">programmes</span> at all levels and, generally, a society encouraging the objective of a universal culture of human rights. Specifically,  A status NHRIs are one of the best relay mechanisms at country level to ensure the application of international human rights norms.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>For more detailed information, including a list of the relevant UN resolutions, SC reports, and contact information for regional committees and networks, click <a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FEN%2FCountries%2FNHRI%2FPages%2FNHRIMain.aspx" target="_parent">HERE</a>.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right: 41.35pt;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:center"><b><span style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>National Human Rights Institutes and Commissions by Region (Current as of March, 2016)<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span class="GramE"><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>This information has been compiled by the <a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fnhri.ohchr.org%2FEN%2FContact%2FNHRIs%2FPages%2FGlobal.aspx%3FView%3D%257Bc5e8bee5-5246-4f09-9888-37734c726ae0%257D%26SortField%3DRegion%26SortDir%3DAsc" target="_parent"><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">International Coordinating Committee of National Institutes for Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (ICC).</span></a><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">Africa <br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;</span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none"><p></p></span></span></b></p> <ul> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Algeria:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cncppdh-dz.org" target="_parent"> National Consultative Commission for Promoion and Protection of Human Rights in Algeria</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Angola:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.provedor-jus.co.ao" target="_parent"> Provedor di Justica di direitos</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Benin:</b> Commission b�ninoise des droits de l'homme <li><font size="4pt"><b>Botswana:</b> Ombudsperson/in a process of establishing an NHRI <li><font size="4pt"><b>Burkina Faso:</b> Commission nationale des droits humains <li><font size="4pt"><b>Burundi:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fcnidh.bi" target="_parent"> Commission nationale independante des droits de l'homme</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Cameroon:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cndhl.cm" target="_parent"> Commission nationale des droits de l'homme et des libert�s</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Cape Verde:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fcndhc.org" target="_parent"> National Commission for Human Rights and Citizenship</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Chad:</b> Commission nationale des droits de l'homme <li><font size="4pt"><b>Comoros:</b> Commission Nationale des Droits de l'Homme et des Libert�s (CNDHL) <li><font size="4pt"><b>Congo:</b> National Human Rights Commission <li><font size="4pt"><b>Cote d'Ivoire:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fcndhci.net" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Djibouti:</b> National Human Rights Commission <li><font size="4pt"><b>Egypt:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nchregypt.org" target="_parent"> National Council for Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Ethiopia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ehrc.org.et" target="_parent"> Ethiopian Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Gabon:</b> National Human Rights Commission <li><font size="4pt"><b>Ghana:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chrajghana.org" target="_parent"> Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Guine-Bissau:</b> Comissao national dos direitos humanos <li><font size="4pt"><b>Kenya:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knchr.org" target="_parent"> Kenya National Commission on Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Libya:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncclhr.org" target="_parent"> National Council for Civil Liberties and Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Madagascar:</b>Commission Nationale des Droits de L'Homme de Madagascar <li><font size="4pt"><b>Malawi:</b> Malawi Human Rights Commission <li><font size="4pt"><b>Mali:</b> Commission nationale des droits de l'homme du Mali <li><font size="4pt"><b>Mauritania:</b> Commission nationale des droits de l'homme <li><font size="4pt"><b>Mauritius:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhrc.gov.mu" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Morocco:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cndh.org.ma" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Council</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Mozambique:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fcndhmoz" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Commission of Mozambique</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Namibia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsman.org.na" target="_parent"> Office of the Ombudsman</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Niger:</b> Commission nationale des droits humains <li><font size="4pt"><b>Nigeria:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhrc.gov.ng" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Commission of Nigeria</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Rwanda:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cndp.org.rw" target="_parent"> National Commission for Human Rights of Rwanda</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Senegal:</b> Senegalese Committee for Human Rights <li><font size="4pt"><b>Sierra Leone:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrcsl.org" target="_parent"> Human Rights Commission of Sierra Leone</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>South Africa:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahrc.org.za" target="_parent"> South African Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Sudan:</b> National Commission for Human Rights of Sudan <li><font size="4pt"><b>Swaziland:</b> Commission on Human Rights and Public Administration <li><font size="4pt"><b>Tanzania:</b> Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance <li><font size="4pt"><b>Togo:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cndh-togo.org" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Tunisia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.droitsdelhomme.org.tn" target="_parent"> High Committee for Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Uganda:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uhrc.ug" target="_parent"> Uganda Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Zambia:</b> Human Rights Commission <li><font size="4pt"><b>Zimbabwe:</b> Human Rights Commission of Zimbabwe </font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></ul> <br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">African Countries without a National Human Rights Institute or Commission: Liberia, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, DRC, Eritrea, Gambia, Guinea, Lesotho, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">Americas<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></span></b></p> <ul> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Antigua and Barbuda:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsman.gov.ag" target="_parent"> Office of the Ombudsman</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Argentina:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.provedor-jus.co.ao" target="_parent"> Provedor di Justica di direitos</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Barbados:</b> Office of the Ombudsman <li><font size="4pt"><b>Belize:</b> Office of the Ombudsman <li><font size="4pt"><b>Bermuda:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsman.bm" target="_parent"> Bermuda Ombudsman</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Bolivia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensoria.gob.bo" target="_parent"> Defensor del Pueblo</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Canada:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chrc-ccdp.gc.ca" target="_parent"> Canadian Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Chile:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indh.cl" target="_parent"> National Institute of Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Colombia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensoria.org.co" target="_parent"> Defensor del Pueblo de la Rep�blica de Colombia</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Costa Rica:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhr.go.cr" target="_parent"> Defensoria de los Habitantes</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Dominican Republic:</b>Defensora del Pueblo <li><font size="4pt"><b>Ecuador:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpe.gob.ec" target="_parent"> Defensor�a del Pueblo de la Rep�blica de Ecuador</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>El Salvador C.A.:</b> Procuradur�a para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos (PDDH) <li><font size="4pt"><b>Guatemala:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdh.org.gt" target="_parent"> Procurador de los Derechos Humanos</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Guyana:</b> Office of the Ombudsman <li><font size="4pt"><b>Haiti:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.protectioncitoyenhaiti.org" target="_parent"> Office de la Protection du Citoyen</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Honduras:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conadeh.hn" target="_parent"> Comisionado Nacional de los Derechos Humanos</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Jamaica:</b> Office of the Public Defender <li><font size="4pt"><b>Mexico:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cndh.org.mx%2F" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Nicaragua:</b> Procuraduria para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos de la Rep�blica de Nicaragua <li><font size="4pt"><b>Panama:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensoriadelpueblo.gob.pa" target="_parent"> Defensoria del Pueblo</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Paraguay:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensoriadelpueblo.gov.py" target="_parent"> Defensoria del Pueblo de la Rep�blica del Paraguay</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Peru:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensoria.gob.pe" target="_parent"> Defensoria del Pueblo de Per�</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Puerto Rico:</b> Oficina del Procurador del Ciudadano <li><font size="4pt"><b>Saint Lucia:</b> Office of the Parliamentary Commissioner <li><font size="4pt"><b>Trinidad and Tobago:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsman.gov.tt" target="_parent"> Office of the Ombudsman of Trinidad and Tobago</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Uruguay:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inddhh.gub.uy" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Institution and Ombudsman of Uruguay</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Venezuela:</b> Defensoria del Pueblo of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela </font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></ul> <br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">American Countries without a National Human Rights Institute or Commission: Brazil, Suriname, Bahamas, Dominica, Cuba, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and The Grenadines, United States of America<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">Asia Pacific</span><span style="color:black;font-weight: normal;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">:<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></span></b></p> <ul> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Afghanistan:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aihrc.org.af" target="_parent"> Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Australia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanrights.gov.au" target="_parent"> Australian Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Bahrain:</b> Office of the Ombudsman of the Kingdom of Bahrain <li><font size="4pt"><b>Bangladesh:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Fwww.bhrc-bd.org" target="_parent"> Bangladesh Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Fiji:</b> Fiji Human Rights Commission <li><font size="4pt"><b>Hong Kong SAR, China:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eoc.org.hk" target="_parent"> Equal Opportunities Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>India:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhrc.nic.in" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Indonesia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.komnasham.go.id" target="_parent"> National Commission for Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Iraq:</b> Iraqi Independent High Commission for Human Rights <li><font size="4pt"><b>Iran:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihrc.ir" target="_parent"> Iranian Islamic Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Jordan:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nchr.org.jo" target="_parent"> Defensora del Pueblo</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Malaysia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.suhakam.org.my" target="_parent"> Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM)</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Maldives:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrcm.org.mv" target="_parent"> Human Rights Commission of the Maldives</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Mongolia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mn-nhrc.org" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Myanmar:</b> Myanmar National Human Rights Commission <li><font size="4pt"><b>Nepal:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhrcnepal.org" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>New Zealand:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrc.co.nz" target="_parent"> New Zealand Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Oman:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhrc.om" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Palestine:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ichr.ps" target="_parent"> Independent Commission for Human Rights/Palestine</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Philippines:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chr.gov.ph" target="_parent"> Commission of Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Qatar:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhrc-qa.org" target="_parent"> National Committee for Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Repubic of Korea:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanrights.go.kr" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Samoa:</b>Ombudsman of Samoa <li><font size="4pt"><b>Sri Lanka:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrcsl.lk" target="_parent"> The Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Tajikistan:</b> Ombudsman of Republic of Tajikistan <li><font size="4pt"><b>Thailand:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhrc.or.th" target="_parent"> The National Human Rights Commission of Thailand</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Timor Leste:</b> Office of the Provedor for Human Rights and Justice </font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></ul> <br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">Asia/Pacific Countries without a National Human Rights Institute or Commission: Bhutan, Brunei, Japan, Kuwait, Laos, North Korea, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan, Turkmenistan, Vietnam.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">Europe</span><span style="color:black;font-weight:normal; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">:<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></span></b></p> <ul> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Albania:</b> Office of the People s Advocate <li><font size="4pt"><b>Armenia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pashtpan.am" target="_parent"> Human Rights Defender of the Republic of Armenia</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Austria:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theioi.org" target="_parent"> The Austrian Ombudsman Board</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Azerbaijan:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsman.gov.az" target="_parent"> Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights (Ombudsman) of the Republic of Azerbaijan</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Belgium:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unia.be%2Fen" target="_parent"> Centre for equal opportunities and opposition to racism</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Bosnia and Herzegovina:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsmen.gov.ba" target="_parent"> The Human Rights Ombudsmen of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Bulgaria:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsman.bg" target="_parent"> Bulgarian Ombudsman</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Bulgaria:</b>&lt; Commission for Protection against Discrimination <li><font size="4pt"><b>Croatia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsman.hr" target="_parent"> Ombudswoman of the Republic of Croatia</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Cyprus:</b> National Institute for the Protection of Human Rights <li><font size="4pt"><b>Czech Republic:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochrance.cz" target="_parent"> Public Defender of Rights (Ombudsman)</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Denmark:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanrights.dk" target="_parent"> The Danish Institute for Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Finland:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oikeusasiamies.fi%2FResource.phx%2Feoa%2Fenglish%2Findex.htx" target="_parent"> Finnish Human Rights Centre and the Parliamentary Ombudsman</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>France:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cncdh.fr" target="_parent"> National Consultative Commission of Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Georgia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsman.ge" target="_parent"> Office of Public Defender (Ombudsman) of Georgia</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Germany:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.institut-fuer-menschenrechte.de" target="_parent"> The German Institute for Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Greece:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nchr.gr" target="_parent"> Greek National Commission for Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Hungary:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajbh.hu" target="_parent"> Office of the Commissioner for Fundamental Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Ireland:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihrec.ie" target="_parent"> Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Italy:</b> Commissione per i Diritti Umani - Pr�sidence du Conseil des Ministres <li><font size="4pt"><b>Kazakhstan:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsman.kz" target="_parent"> Commissioner for Human Rights (National Ombudsman)</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Kosova:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudspersonkosovo.org" target="_parent"> Ombudsperson Institution in Kosovo</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Kyrgyzstan:</b> Ombudsman of the Kyrgyz Republic <li><font size="4pt"><b>Latvia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tiesibsargs.lv" target="_parent"> Ombudsman's Office of the Republic of Latvia</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Lithuania:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrski.lt" target="_parent"> The Seimas Ombudsmen</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Luxembourg:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccdh.lu" target="_parent"> Commission consultative des Droits de l'Homme du Grand-Duch� de Luxembourg</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Macedonia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fombudsman.mk%2Fen" target="_parent"> Ombudsman of the Republic of Macedonia</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Moldova:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fombudsman.md" target="_parent"> The Centre for Human Rights of Moldova</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Montenegro:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsman.co.me" target="_parent"> Office of the Ombudsman of Montenegro</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Netherlands:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanrightsinstitute.nl" target="_parent"> Netherlands Institute for Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Northern Ireland, UK:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nihrc.org" target="_parent"> Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission (NIHRC)</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Norway:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanrights.uio.no" target="_parent"> Norway's National Human Rights Institution</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Poland:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brpo.gov.pl" target="_parent"> Human Rights Defender</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Portugal:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.provedor-jus.pt" target="_parent"> Provedoria de Justi�a (Ombudsman)</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Romania:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avp.ro" target="_parent"> Romanian Institute for Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Russia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsmanrf.ru" target="_parent"> Commissioner on Human Rights in the Russian Federation</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Scotland:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottishhumanrights.com" target="_parent"> Scottish Human Rights Commission (SHRC)</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Serbia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fombudsman.rs" target="_parent"> The Protector of Citizens (Ombudsman)</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Slovakia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snslp.sk" target="_parent"> Slovak National Centre for Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Slovenia:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.varuh-rs.si" target="_parent"> Human Rights Ombudsman of the Republic of Slovenia</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Spain:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensordelpueblo.es" target="_parent"> El Defensor del Pueblo (The Office of the People's Defender)</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Sweden:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.do.se" target="_parent"> The Swedish Equality Ombudsman (DO)</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Sweden (BO):</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fbarnombudsmannen.se" target="_parent"> Ombudsman for Children in Sweden</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Switzerland:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekr-cfr.ch" target="_parent"> Federal Commission against Racism (FCR)</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Switzerland:</b> Commission f�d�rale pour les questions f�minines <li><font size="4pt"><b>Tajikistan:</b> The Human Rights Ombudsman <li><font size="4pt"><b>Turkey:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Ftihk.gov.tr" target="_parent"> National Human Rights Institution of Turkey</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Ukraine:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsman.gov.ua" target="_parent"> Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>United Kingdom:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.equalityhumanrights.com" target="_parent"> Equality and Human Rights Commission</a> <li><font size="4pt"><b>Uzbekistan:</b><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsman.gov.uz" target="_parent"> Authorized Person of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Human Rights</a> </font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></font></li></ul> <br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">European Countries without a National Human Rights Institute or Commission: Andorra, Belarus, Estonia, Iceland, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino, Syria, <span class="GramE">Vatican</span> City.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">All states have government ministries and departments for matters relating to freedom of religion or belief. They are located primarily in Ministries of Justice, Education, Culture, or for international human rights treaties, Foreign Affairs. Some states have religious affairs councils or civil rights departments to service the needs and monitor the legal protection of citizens and non-citizens at national, regional and local levels. These entities often have relationships with non-governmental human rights or religious organizations that monitor the activities of government in matters relating to religion or belief. States may supply a list of these government departments and non-governmental organizations through their public information offices.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a name="V" target="_parent" href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2F."></a><span style='font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><span style="color:black;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none">____________________________________________<p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a name="acknowledgements" target="_parent" href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2F."></a><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><span style="color:black;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none">Acknowledgements</span><span style="color:black; font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><br> <br> <span class="GramE">This guide was developed by Michael Roan, at the Tandem Project</span>. Laura Young, Kristi <span class="SpellE">Rudelius</span>-Palmer and David <span class="SpellE">Weissbrodt</span> (University of Minnesota Human Rights Center) and Susan Everson revised and edited this document. <span class="GramE">Special thanks to Charmaine Crockett, Barbara Forster, <span class="SpellE">Alaa</span> <span class="SpellE">Kaoud</span>, Mohamed <span class="SpellE">Elgadi</span>, and <span class="SpellE">Fatma</span> <span class="SpellE">Reda</span> for expert commentary and input.</span> <span class="GramE">Copyright, Human Rights Center, 2003.</span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span><br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:41.35pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">The guide was updated and edited by David <span class="SpellE">Weissbrodt</span> and Ami Hutchinson in <span class="GramE">February,</span> 2016.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>Please send any inquiries to Professor David <span class="SpellE">Weissbrodt</span> at </span><span style="color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span style='mso-field-code:" HYPERLINK \0022mailto\:weiss001\@umn\.edu\0022 "'><span style="color:blue">weiss001@umn.edu</span></span></span><span style="color: black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">� </span>Thank you.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break"> &lt;![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]&gt;<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> &lt;![endif]&gt;<p></p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:41.35pt;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0in"><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fmailto%3Aweiss001%40umn.edu" target="_parent"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><p>�</p></span></a></p> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:41.35pt"><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fmailto%3Aweiss001%40umn.edu" target="_parent"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none"> <hr size="2" width="100%" align="left"> </span></a></span></div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-right:41.35pt;text-align:center"><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fmailto%3Aweiss001%40umn.edu" tppabs="http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/index.html" target="_parent"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span style='mso-field-code:" HYPERLINK \0022http\:\/\/www1\.umn\.edu\/humanrts\/index\.html\0022 "'><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue'>Home</span></span></span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'> || <span style='mso-field-code:" HYPERLINK \0022http\:\/\/www1\.umn\.edu\/humanrts\/treaties\.htm\0022 "'><span style="color:blue">Treaties</span></span> || <span style='mso-field-code:" HYPERLINK \0022http\:\/\/www1\.umn\.edu\/humanrts\/searchdevices\.htm\0022 "'><span style="color:blue">Search</span></span> || <span style='mso-field-code:" HYPERLINK \0022http\:\/\/www1\.umn\.edu\/humanrts\/links\/links\.htm\0022 "'><span style="color:blue">Links</span></span> </span><span style="color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><p></p></span></a></span></p> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:41.35pt"><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Flinks%2Flinks.htm" target="_parent"><span style="color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"> <hr size="2" width="100%" align="left"> </span></a></span></div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:41.35pt"><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><a href="https://www.apklas.com?arsae=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Flinks%2Flinks.htm" target="_parent"><span style="color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><p>�</p></span></a></span></p> </div> </body> </html>