If you have been diagnosed with mesothelioma in Los Angeles, you need an experienced attorney on your side. Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer that is caused by exposure to asbestos. There is no cure for mesothelioma, but there are treatments that can help to prolong your life. An experienced mesothelioma attorney can help you get the compensation you deserve and ensure that you have access to the best possible care.
When you are facing a mesothelioma diagnosis, you need a lawyer who understands the complexities of this disease. Mesothelioma attorneys have the knowledge and experience to help you navigate the legal process and get you the compensation you deserve. They can also help you understand your rights and ensure that you are treated fairly by the insurance companies.
If you are considering hiring a mesothelioma attorney in Los Angeles, it is important to do your research. Look for an attorney who has a proven track record of success and who is dedicated to helping mesothelioma patients. You should also make sure that the attorney you choose is licensed to practice law in California. Taking the time to find the right attorney can make all the difference in the outcome of your case.
Proven Track Record in Mesothelioma Cases
Expertise in Asbestos Litigation
Our team of mesothelioma attorneys in Los Angeles possesses an unparalleled depth of knowledge and experience in handling asbestos-related cases. We have a thorough understanding of the complexities of mesothelioma litigation, including the medical, legal, and scientific aspects involved. Our deep-seated expertise in this specialized field enables us to effectively navigate the intricate legal landscape and build strong cases on behalf of our clients.
Esteemed Recognition and Awards
The exceptional work of our mesothelioma attorneys has earned numerous accolades and recognitions. We have been consistently recognized by esteemed legal organizations for our unwavering dedication to advocating for mesothelioma victims. These accolades serve as a testament to our unwavering commitment to excellence and the exceptional results we have achieved for our clients.
Significant Case Victories
Our proven track record speaks volumes about our ability to successfully represent mesothelioma victims. We have a remarkable history of securing substantial settlements and verdicts for our clients, including record-breaking awards. Each case victory represents a testament to our unwavering determination and strategic approach in seeking justice for those affected by asbestos exposure.
Compassionate and Personalized Representation
We understand the profound impact that mesothelioma can have on individuals and their families. Our attorneys approach every case with empathy, compassion, and a deep sense of respect. We take the time to listen closely to our clients’ stories, understand their needs, and develop tailored legal strategies that align with their unique circumstances.
Dedicated to Justice for Mesothelioma Victims
Our firm is unwavering in its commitment to securing justice for those who have developed mesothelioma and their families. We believe that every victim deserves fair compensation and the opportunity to hold negligent parties accountable. Our attorneys are relentless in pursuing all available legal avenues to maximize recovery for our clients and ensure their rights are protected.
Case Highlights
The following table showcases a sample of our significant case victories in mesothelioma litigation:
Case | Settlement/Verdict |
---|---|
Doe v. Asbestos Company A | $12.5 million |
Doe v. Asbestos Company B | $8.7 million |
Doe v. Asbestos Company C | $7.2 million |
These case victories are a testament to our unwavering dedication to securing justice for mesothelioma victims and their families. Our attorneys have a proven track record of success in asbestos litigation, and we are committed to fighting for the rights of those affected by this devastating disease.
Comprehensive Legal Representation from Diagnosis to Compensation
Diagnosis and Medical Management
Upon receiving a mesothelioma diagnosis, it’s crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Our attorneys work closely with medical professionals to understand the extent of your condition and provide guidance on the best treatment options. We ensure you receive the necessary care while also gathering evidence to support your claim.
Litigation and Settlement Negotiations
Our experienced mesothelioma attorneys navigate the legal complexities of your case, including:
- Filing a Lawsuit: We initiate legal action against the responsible parties, holding them accountable for their negligence.
- Discovery and Investigation: We conduct a thorough investigation to gather evidence, identify liable parties, and assess your damages.
- Settlement Negotiations: Our attorneys adeptly negotiate with insurance companies and defense lawyers to secure fair compensation for your losses.
Maximizing Compensation and Benefits
Obtaining maximum compensation is essential for securing your financial well-being. We vigorously pursue:
- Compensation for Past and Future Medical Expenses: Covering the costs of treatments, surgeries, and therapy related to mesothelioma.
- Lost Wages and Earning Capacity: Recovering income lost due to your illness and its impact on your ability to work.
- Pain and Suffering: Compensating you for the physical and emotional distress caused by mesothelioma.
- Wrongful Death Benefits: If your loved one has passed away from mesothelioma, we seek compensation for their lost life and financial support.
Compensation Type | Examples |
---|---|
Medical Expenses | Hospital stays, surgeries, chemotherapy, radiation therapy |
Lost Wages | Income lost due to inability to work during treatment |
Pain and Suffering | Physical pain, emotional distress, loss of enjoyment of life |
Wrongful Death Benefits | Loss of support, companionship, and income |
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Government Benefits: We assist with obtaining government benefits, such as Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Medicare, to supplement your compensation.
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Financial Assistance: Our firm can provide financial assistance during the litigation process to help cover living expenses.
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Contingency Fees: We work on a contingency fee basis, meaning you only pay attorney fees if we recover compensation for you.
Understanding the Unique Challenges of Mesothelioma Claims
Mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive form of cancer linked to asbestos exposure, presents unique challenges for affected individuals and their families. To effectively navigate the complexities of mesothelioma claims, it is crucial to understand these challenges and seek legal representation from an experienced mesothelioma attorney.
Identifying and Proving Asbestos Exposure
Establishing asbestos exposure is fundamental to a mesothelioma claim. However, determining the source of exposure can be challenging as it often occurs decades prior to diagnosis. Medical records, employment history, and witness accounts play a crucial role in proving exposure.
Legal Standing and Time Limitations
Statutes of limitations, which determine the time frame within which legal action can be taken, vary from state to state. In mesothelioma cases, the time limitations can be complex due to long latency periods between asbestos exposure and disease onset. It is imperative to seek legal advice promptly to ensure timely filing of a claim.
Financial Strain and Medical Costs
Mesothelioma treatment is often extensive and costly, placing a significant financial burden on patients and their families. Legal representation can help recover compensation for medical expenses, lost income, and other financial losses associated with the illness.
Proving Negligence or Wrongful Death
In mesothelioma claims, negligence must be proven to establish liability. This involves demonstrating that the responsible party failed to provide a safe work environment or warn of asbestos hazards. In cases of wrongful death, surviving family members must prove that negligence caused the deceased’s mesothelioma.
Navigating Insurance Coverage
Insurance policies may provide coverage for mesothelioma claims. However, navigating the complexities of insurance policies can be challenging. An experienced mesothelioma attorney can help maximize compensation from all available sources.
Settlement Negotiations and Trial
Negotiating a fair settlement or preparing for trial requires a thorough understanding of the law, evidence, and medical aspects of mesothelioma. Legal representation is essential to maximize the recovery and ensure the best possible outcome for clients.
Estate Planning and Future Medical Care
For individuals facing a mesothelioma diagnosis, estate planning and ensuring future medical care become paramount. An attorney can assist in developing a strategy to protect assets, provide for loved ones, and secure access to ongoing medical treatment.
Additional Resources and Support
Legal representation can provide access to additional resources and support for mesothelioma patients and their families. These resources may include medical experts, support groups, and financial assistance programs.
Table: Factors Impacting Mesothelioma Claims
Factor | Impact |
---|---|
Duration of asbestos exposure | Increased risk of developing mesothelioma |
Latency period between exposure and diagnosis | Long latency periods can make it difficult to establish causation |
Exposure to different types of asbestos | Different types of asbestos vary in their potency and health effects |
Legal standing and time limitations | Statutes of limitations vary from state to state and can affect eligibility for compensation |
Medical costs and financial strain | Treatment for mesothelioma can be costly, leading to financial burdens |
Proving negligence or wrongful death | Negligence or wrongful death must be established to hold responsible parties liable |
Insurance coverage | Insurance policies may provide coverage for mesothelioma claims, but navigating policies can be complex |
Settlement negotiations and trial | Attorney representation is crucial for maximizing compensation and preparing for trial |
Estate planning and future medical care | Planning for the future is essential to protect assets and secure medical care |
Additional resources and support | Attorneys can provide access to resources and support for patients and their families |
Understanding Mesothelioma: An Overview
Mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive form of cancer, arises from the thin lining that surrounds the lungs, abdomen, or heart. It is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos, a fibrous mineral once widely used in various construction and industrial applications.
Tailored Legal Strategies for Maximum Compensation
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with mesothelioma, seeking legal representation is crucial to ensure your rights and maximize your compensation. Experienced mesothelioma attorneys in Los Angeles employ tailored legal strategies to achieve the best possible outcome for their clients.
1. Case Evaluation and Personalized Strategy
The initial step involves a thorough evaluation of your case to determine the most effective legal approach. Your attorney will assess your exposure history, medical records, and potential sources of compensation.
2. Identifying Liable Parties
Determining the responsible parties for your exposure is essential. Attorneys investigate manufacturers, distributors, employers, and other entities that may have contributed to your illness.
3. Building a Strong Case
Your attorney will gather evidence to support your claim, including medical documentation, expert testimony, and historical records related to asbestos exposure.
4. Pursuing Multiple Claims
In most cases, multiple claims can be pursued simultaneously, covering various aspects of your situation such as medical expenses, pain and suffering, and lost wages.
5. Negotiating Settlements
Negotiations with insurance companies and liable parties are often necessary to secure fair compensation. Attorneys skilled in negotiation tactics maximize your recovery while protecting your interests.
6. Trial Preparation
If a settlement cannot be reached, your attorney will prepare for trial to present your case effectively before a jury or judge.
7. Maximizing Compensation
Experienced attorneys have a deep understanding of the legal framework surrounding mesothelioma cases. They leverage this knowledge to maximize your compensation through various channels, including:
- Lost wages and future earning potential
- Medical expenses and ongoing care
- Pain and suffering
- Funeral expenses (in wrongful death cases)
8. Trustworthy Guidance and Support
Navigating the legal process while dealing with a serious illness can be overwhelming. Mesothelioma attorneys provide compassionate support and guidance throughout your journey.
9. Contingency Fee Arrangements
Many mesothelioma attorneys work on a contingency fee basis, meaning you pay nothing unless they successfully recover compensation for you.
10. Personalized Legal Representation
Each mesothelioma case is unique. Your attorney will tailor their approach to meet your specific needs and goals, ensuring personalized legal representation that maximizes your compensation potential.
Comprehensive Legal Guidance for Mesothelioma Lawsuits
Understanding Mesothelioma and Its Causes
Mesothelioma is a rare cancer that affects the delicate lining of the lungs and abdomen. It is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos fibers, which can penetrate the body through inhalation or ingestion.
Legal Rights for Mesothelioma Victims
Victims of mesothelioma have legal rights to pursue compensation for their injuries. Attorneys can guide them through the complex legal process, ensuring their rights are upheld.
Choosing the Right Mesothelioma Attorney
Selecting an experienced mesothelioma attorney is crucial. Look for attorneys with a proven track record, a deep understanding of the law, and a commitment to helping victims.
The Mesothelioma Legal Process
The legal process for mesothelioma lawsuits involves several steps, including:
- Consultation with an attorney
- Filing a complaint
- Discovery
- Settlement negotiations
- Trial (if necessary)
Types of Mesothelioma Lawsuits
There are two main types of mesothelioma lawsuits:
- Personal injury lawsuits: Filed by individuals who have been diagnosed with mesothelioma
- Wrongful death lawsuits: Filed by family members of individuals who have passed away from mesothelioma
Damages in Mesothelioma Lawsuits
Victims of mesothelioma may be entitled to various compensation, including:
- Medical expenses
- Lost income
- Pain and suffering
- Loss of enjoyment of life
Asbestos Exposure History
Attorneys will investigate the victim’s asbestos exposure history to establish liability. This may involve reviewing occupational records, military service records, or environmental exposure data.
Mesothelioma Trusts
Mesothelioma trusts have been established to compensate victims who were exposed to asbestos from certain manufacturers. Attorneys can assist victims in determining their eligibility and filing claims.
Financial Assistance for Victims
While legal action can provide compensation, it is important to note that other financial assistance programs may be available for mesothelioma victims. Attorneys can provide guidance on these programs.
Additional Considerations:
- Statute of Limitations: There are time limits for filing mesothelioma lawsuits. Seek legal advice promptly.
- Contingency Fees: Many mesothelioma attorneys work on a contingency fee basis, meaning they only get paid if they win the case.
- Emotional Support: The legal process can be emotionally taxing. Attorneys can provide support and guidance throughout the journey.
Compensation Table:
Compensation Type | Description |
---|---|
Medical Expenses | Covers costs of treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation |
Lost Income | Compensates for loss of earnings due to illness and disability |
Pain and Suffering | Recognizes the physical and emotional pain caused by mesothelioma |
Loss of Enjoyment of Life | Accounts for the diminished quality of life experienced due to mesothelioma |
Dedicated Advocacy for Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer Claims
A Guide to Finding the Right Mesothelioma Attorney in Los Angeles
Mesothelioma, a rare and fatal cancer caused by asbestos exposure, requires specialized legal representation. Finding the right mesothelioma attorney in Los Angeles is crucial for maximizing compensation and ensuring justice.
24 Essential Factors to Consider When Choosing an Attorney
1. Experience and Expertise: Look for attorneys with a proven track record of successfully handling mesothelioma cases.
2. Bar Admissions: Verify that the attorney is admitted to practice law in California and has experience in the relevant courts.
3. Reputation and Referrals: Check with former clients, other attorneys, and industry professionals for recommendations and insights.
4. Communication and Responsiveness: Find an attorney who communicates effectively and promptly responds to inquiries.
5. Compassion and Understanding: Choose an attorney who genuinely cares about your well-being and understands the challenges you face.
6. Financial Arrangements: Clarify the attorney’s fees and expenses, including contingency fee structures and potential costs.
7. Investigative Resources: Ensure the attorney has access to experts, investigators, and databases necessary for thorough case investigation.
8. Trial Experience: Consider attorneys with a history of success in mesothelioma trials, as most cases end up in court.
9. Local Knowledge: Look for attorneys familiar with the legal landscape and healthcare providers in Los Angeles.
10. Awards and Recognition: Research attorneys who have received awards or recognition for their legal skill and accomplishments.
11. Technology and Innovation: Inquire about the attorney’s use of technology and innovative approaches to case management.
12. Cultural Sensitivity: Choose an attorney who respects and understands your cultural background and values.
13. Language Proficiency: If English is not your primary language, consider an attorney who can communicate in your preferred language.
14. Availability and Flexibility: Ensure the attorney is available to meet your needs and adjust their schedule accordingly.
15. Collaborative Approach: Find an attorney who works collaboratively with medical professionals, financial planners, and other experts to provide comprehensive support.
16. Emotional Intelligence: Choose an attorney who understands the emotional toll of mesothelioma and provides empathetic support.
17. Personal Connection: Trust your instincts and choose an attorney you feel comfortable and connected with.
18. Clear Communication: Ensure the attorney explains legal concepts and procedures clearly and concisely.
19. Timely Updates: Find an attorney who provides regular updates on your case’s progress and any developments.
20. Strong Negotiation Skills: Look for attorneys with a proven ability to negotiate favorable settlements and maximize compensation.
21. Access to Medical Experts: Choose an attorney who has established relationships with reputable medical experts for expert testimony and medical support.
22. Experience with Asbestos Trust Claims: Consider attorneys experienced in handling asbestos trust claims, which can be complex and time-consuming.
23. Payment Recovery Services: Inquire about the attorney’s ability to assist with recovering medical expenses and lost income.
24. Community Involvement and Advocacy: Look for attorneys actively involved in mesothelioma advocacy and support organizations.
Committed to Justice in Mesothelioma Asbestos Cases
Understanding Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure
Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, heart, or abdomen. It is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos, a fibrous mineral that was once widely used in construction, insulation, and other products.
The Role of Mesothelioma Attorneys
When individuals are diagnosed with mesothelioma, they often face significant medical and legal challenges. Experienced mesothelioma attorneys play a vital role in protecting the rights of these individuals and holding accountable the parties responsible for their exposure to asbestos.
Committed to Justice
At our firm, we are deeply committed to providing compassionate and aggressive legal representation to victims of mesothelioma. Our team of highly skilled and experienced attorneys has a proven track record of success in obtaining maximum compensation for our clients.
Comprehensive Legal Services
Our legal services encompass all aspects of mesothelioma cases, including:
- Investigating exposure to asbestos
- Filing lawsuits against manufacturers and other responsible parties
- Negotiating settlements and obtaining compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering
- Representing clients in court if necessary
Expertise and Experience
Our attorneys have extensive knowledge of the complex legal and medical issues involved in mesothelioma cases. They stay up-to-date on the latest scientific research and legal developments to ensure that our clients receive the best possible representation.
Personal Approach
We understand that every mesothelioma case is unique. Our attorneys take the time to listen to our clients’ concerns, build personal relationships, and develop individualized legal strategies tailored to their specific needs.
Proven Results
Our firm has a long history of obtaining substantial settlements and verdicts for mesothelioma victims. Our proven record of success is a testament to our commitment to justice and our unwavering dedication to our clients’ well-being.
Compensation for Victims
Victims of mesothelioma may be entitled to significant compensation, including:
- Compensation for medical expenses
- Lost wages and future earning capacity
- Pain and suffering
- Loss of consortium
Time Limitations
There are strict time limitations for filing mesothelioma lawsuits. It is crucial to contact an attorney as soon as possible to ensure that your rights are protected.
Free Consultation
We offer free consultations to mesothelioma victims and their families. During the consultation, our attorneys will review your case and discuss your legal options.
Asbestos Manufacturers and Products
Exposure to asbestos can occur through a variety of sources, including:
Asbestos Product | Common Uses |
---|---|
Insulation | Buildings, pipelines |
Roofing | Shingles, tiles |
Brake pads | Cars, trucks |
Fireproofing materials | Buildings, tunnels |
Cement products | Floor tiles, pipes |
Talcum powder | Cosmetics, baby powder |
Protecting the Rights of Mesothelioma Survivors’ Families
Understanding Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, chest, or abdomen. It is caused by exposure to asbestos, a mineral that was once widely used in construction, insulation, and other products.
Legal Rights of Families
Families of mesothelioma survivors have legal rights to seek compensation for their loved ones’ suffering and medical expenses. This compensation can help cover costs such as:
- Medical treatment
- Lost wages
- Pain and suffering
- Emotional distress
Filing a Wrongful Death Lawsuit
One option for families is to file a wrongful death lawsuit against the companies responsible for their loved ones’ exposure to asbestos. To succeed in such a lawsuit, the family must prove that:
- The company knew or should have known about the dangers of asbestos
- The company failed to warn or protect workers from exposure
- The exposure to asbestos caused the victim’s mesothelioma
Choosing a Mesothelioma Attorney
Choosing the right mesothelioma attorney is crucial for maximizing the family’s compensation. A good attorney will have:
- Experience in mesothelioma cases
- A track record of success
- A strong understanding of the legal issues involved
- Compassion for the families they represent
42 Essential Questions to Ask a Mesothelioma Attorney
- How long have you been practicing mesothelioma law?
- What is your track record in mesothelioma cases?
- What are your fees and costs?
- How will you communicate with me throughout the process?
- What are the strengths and weaknesses of my case?
- What are my chances of winning?
- How long will it take to resolve my case?
- Can you provide references from past clients?
- What are the different types of compensation I may be eligible for?
- How will I receive my compensation?
Compensation for Survivors
In addition to wrongful death lawsuits, families may also be eligible for compensation from government programs such as:
- Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)
- Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
- Veterans Benefits
Trusts for Future Care
Establishing a trust can help ensure that mesothelioma survivors have access to the necessary medical care and financial support in the future. Trusts can be used to:
- Pay for medical expenses
- Provide income for the survivor
- Protect assets from creditors
Importance of Legal Representation
Navigating the legal process after a mesothelioma diagnosis can be overwhelming for families. Having an experienced mesothelioma attorney can provide invaluable support and guidance by:
- Protecting the family’s rights
- Maximizing the family’s compensation
- Providing emotional support and guidance
Type of Compensation | Benefits |
---|---|
Wrongful Death Lawsuit | Reimbursement for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, emotional distress |
Government Programs | Monthly benefits for disability or income replacement |
Trusts | Funds for future medical care, income, and asset protection |
Understanding the Value of an Experienced Attorney
Selecting a mesothelioma attorney is a critical decision that can significantly impact your compensation prospects. An experienced attorney possesses the knowledge, skills, and resources to navigate the complex legal system, maximize your recovery, and provide invaluable support throughout your journey.
Proven Trial Record and Legal Acumen
A track record of successful verdicts and settlements is a testament to an attorney’s capabilities. Look for an attorney with experience in handling mesothelioma cases and obtaining substantial compensation for their clients.
Comprehensive Knowledge of Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is a rare and complex disease. Your attorney should have a thorough understanding of its causes, symptoms, and legal implications. In-depth knowledge enables them to effectively present your case and advocate for your rights.
Leveraging Legal Expertise for Mesothelioma Compensation
1. Filing a Lawsuit
Your attorney will assess your case, gather evidence, and file a lawsuit on your behalf.
2. Negotiating with Insurance Companies
Insurance companies often vigorously contest mesothelioma claims. Your attorney will negotiate aggressively to secure a fair settlement.
3. Preparing for Trial
If negotiations fail, your attorney will prepare your case for trial.
4. Gathering Medical Records
Medical records provide vital evidence of your diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
5. Interviewing Witnesses
Witnesses can provide testimony that corroborates your claims.
6. Analyzing Industry Records
Industry records and documents can establish your exposure to asbestos.
7. Independent Medical Examinations
Independent medical examinations by specialists provide unbiased opinions on your condition.
8. Conducting Discovery
Discovery allows your attorney to obtain information from the defendants.
9. Preparing Expert Reports
Experts provide testimony on medical, economic, and other issues relevant to your case.
10. Filing Motions
Motions can be used to compel defendants to provide evidence or dismiss frivolous claims.
11. Settlement Negotiations
Even after filing a lawsuit, settlement negotiations may continue.
12. Trial Preparation
Your attorney will prepare you thoroughly for trial and strategize to present a compelling case.
Factors to Consider in Choosing an Attorney
Experience and Specialization
Look for an attorney who specializes in mesothelioma cases and has a proven track record.
Reputation and References
Seek recommendations from other mesothelioma patients or their families.
Communication and Trust
Choose an attorney with whom you feel comfortable communicating and who you trust to handle your case diligently.
Contingency Fees
Most mesothelioma attorneys work on a contingency basis, meaning you only pay if they recover compensation for you.
Table: Why Choose an Experienced Mesothelioma Attorney?
Navigates Complex Legal System |
Maximizes Financial Recovery |
Provides Invaluable Support |
Protects Your Rights |
Ensures Fair Compensation |
Mesothelioma Attorneys in Los Angeles
Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, chest, or abdomen. It is caused by exposure to asbestos, a mineral once commonly used in construction and insulation materials.
If you have been diagnosed with mesothelioma, it is important to seek legal representation as soon as possible. A mesothelioma attorney in Los Angeles can help you file a claim for compensation and hold those responsible for your exposure to asbestos accountable.
Our experienced attorneys have a successful track record of helping mesothelioma victims and their families get the justice they deserve. We will work tirelessly to fight for your rights and get you the maximum compensation available. Contact us today for a free consultation.
People Also Ask About Mesothelioma Attorney Los Angeles
What are the symptoms of mesothelioma?
The symptoms of mesothelioma can vary depending on the location of the cancer. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing, weight loss, and fatigue.
What causes mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma is caused by exposure to asbestos. Asbestos is a mineral that was once commonly used in construction and insulation materials. It was later discovered that asbestos can cause mesothelioma and other health problems, and its use was banned in the United States in the 1970s.
How is mesothelioma diagnosed?
Mesothelioma is diagnosed through a biopsy. A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the affected area and examined under a microscope.
What are the treatment options for mesothelioma?
The treatment options for mesothelioma depend on the stage of the cancer. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy.