Performance

Benchmark results

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Benchmarks compare ZeroAlloc.ValueObjects against CSharpFunctionalExtensions.ValueObject, C# record, and record struct using a two-property type (decimal Amount, string Currency). Run with BenchmarkDotNet and [MemoryDiagnoser].

Method	Mean	Allocated
CFE_Equals	45.2 ns	96 B
Record_Equals	3.1 ns	0 B
RecordStruct_Equals	2.8 ns	0 B
ZeroAlloc_Equals	3.1 ns	0 B
ZeroAllocStruct_Equals	2.8 ns	0 B
CFE_GetHashCode	38.7 ns	88 B
Record_GetHashCode	2.4 ns	0 B
RecordStruct_GetHashCode	2.2 ns	0 B
ZeroAlloc_GetHashCode	2.4 ns	0 B
ZeroAllocStruct_GetHashCode	2.2 ns	0 B

ZeroAlloc.ValueObjects matches record and record struct exactly. The CFE baseline allocates ~90 bytes per equality call.

Why CFE allocates

// Each call allocates: iterator state machine + boxed value types
protected override IEnumerable<IComparable> GetEqualityComponents()
{
    yield return Amount;    // decimal → boxed object  (heap)
    yield return Currency;
}
// Iterator object itself also allocated on heap

Why ZeroAlloc is zero-allocation

// Generated — no heap objects created
public bool Equals(Money? other) =>
    other is not null &&
    Amount == other.Amount &&       // direct decimal comparison
    Currency == other.Currency;     // direct string comparison

public override int GetHashCode() =>
    System.HashCode.Combine(Amount, Currency);  // stack-only

Running benchmarks

dotnet run -c Release --project benchmarks/ZeroAlloc.ValueObjects.Benchmarks