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Hematological and Biochemical Outcomes of Leishmania Infantum Infection in the South American Coati (Nasua nasua) in an Endemic Area of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Central Western Brazil

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Abstract

Purpose

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Wildlife is a major source of infectious diseases affecting humans and domestic animals; however, the impacts of parasitism on naturally parasitized fauna remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of Leishmania infantum infection in blood parameters of South American coatis (Nasua nasua) in an area endemic for leishmaniasis in the Brazilian Midwest region.

Methods

In total, 128 blood samples were obtained from 77 adult South American coatis. Health status was inferred from hematological and biochemical parameters categorized into the following indicators: red blood cell count, coagulation, immune response (IMRI), infection response, kidney damage, liver damage (LDI), cardiac damage, skeletal muscle damage (SMDI), nutritional profile (NPI), and protein profile (PPI). We compared the hematological and biochemical parameters of seropositive, DNA detection and negative groups using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and assessed the direct effects of L. infantum on health indicators and body condition (BC) through path analysis.

Results

Our findings showed that L. infantum infection affected LDI, IMRI, PPI and NPI but had no negative impact on BC. However, BC was influenced by SMDI, IMRI, NPI and KDI regardless of parasitism.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that L. infantum may cause long-lasting subclinical infections associated with alterations in liver function, immune response, and protein and nutritional profiles of coatis living in urban areas of the Brazilian Midwest. We highlight the importance of monitoring the impact of L. infantum infections on wild mammals in leishmaniasis-endemic areas.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Air Force Village and the Prosa State Park staffs for the cooperation with the field works, and to the laboratory LABDOC for the support in the hematological and biochemical analyses.

Funding

GCM was supported by the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (project number SEI E-26/200.295/2025), and ALRR and HMH were supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (project numbers 309507/2023-5 and 311769/2023-3 respectively).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Trypanosomatid Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo, André Luiz Rodrigues Roque, Samanta Cristina das Chagas Xavier & Ana Maria Jansen

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

    Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo, Filipe Martins Santos, Carina Elisei de Oliveira, William Oliveira de Assis, Grasiela Edith de Oliveira, Andreza Castro Rucco, Gisele Braziliano de Andrade, Alanderson Rodrigues da Silva, Nayara Yoshie Sano, Julia Gindri Bragato Pistori, Ana Maria Jansen & Heitor Miraglia Herrera

  3. Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

    Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo & Heitor Miraglia Herrera

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

    Filipe Martins Santos, Carina Elisei de Oliveira & Heitor Miraglia Herrera

  5. Department of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Filipe Martins Santos & Nayara Yoshie Sano

  6. Laboratory of Spatial Ecology and Conservation, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil

    Wanessa Teixeira Gomes Barreto

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  1. Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo
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  2. André Luiz Rodrigues Roque
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Contributions

GCM, ALRR, CEO, WTGB and HMH conceived and designed the study. GCM, WTGB, WOA, ACR and JGBP performed the research. GCM, FMS, NYS and SCCX analyzed the data. GCM, WTGB, and ARS, drafted the initial manuscript. ALRR, GEOP, GBA, AMJ and HMH reviewed and edited the original draft. All the authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo.

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de Macedo, G.C., Roque, A.L.R., Santos, F.M. et al. Hematological and Biochemical Outcomes of Leishmania Infantum Infection in the South American Coati (Nasua nasua) in an Endemic Area of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Central Western Brazil. Acta Parasit. 71, 37 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-026-01218-z

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