fix(sync): always bind column value parameters in merge_insert_col

Fix parameter binding bug in merge_insert_col that caused SQLite-to-PostgreSQL sync to fail with "there is no parameter $3" when NULL values were synced before non-NULL values for the same column.
sqliteai · andinux · Feb 10, 2026 · Feb 5, 2026 · Feb 5, 2026 · Feb 5, 2026
commit 1670e474b3317b6ceadb6702a2df1c4668f8f4cf
diff --git a/src/cloudsync.c b/src/cloudsync.c
@@ -1208,18 +1208,20 @@ int merge_insert_col (cloudsync_context *data, cloudsync_table_context *table, c
         return rc;
     }
 
-    // bind value
+    // bind value (always bind all expected parameters for correct prepared statement handling)
     if (col_value) {
         rc = databasevm_bind_value(vm, table->npks+1, col_value);
         if (rc == DBRES_OK) rc = databasevm_bind_value(vm, table->npks+2, col_value);
-        if (rc != DBRES_OK) {
-            cloudsync_set_dberror(data);
-            dbvm_reset(vm);
-            return rc;
-        }
-
+    } else {
+        rc = databasevm_bind_null(vm, table->npks+1);
+        if (rc == DBRES_OK) rc = databasevm_bind_null(vm, table->npks+2);
     }
-
+    if (rc != DBRES_OK) {
+        cloudsync_set_dberror(data);
+        dbvm_reset(vm);
+        return rc;
+    }
+
     // perform real operation and disable triggers
 
     // in case of GOS we reused the table->col_merge_stmt statement

diff --git a/test/postgresql/20_init_with_existing_data.sql b/test/postgresql/20_init_with_existing_data.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+-- Init With Existing Data Test
+-- Tests cloudsync_init on a table that already contains data.
+-- This verifies that cloudsync_refill_metatable correctly creates
+-- metadata entries for pre-existing rows.
+
+\set testid '20'
+\ir helper_test_init.sql
+
+\connect postgres
+\ir helper_psql_conn_setup.sql
+
+-- Cleanup and create test databases
+DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudsync_test_20a;
+DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudsync_test_20b;
+CREATE DATABASE cloudsync_test_20a;
+CREATE DATABASE cloudsync_test_20b;
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Setup Database A - INSERT DATA BEFORE cloudsync_init
+-- ============================================================================
+
+\connect cloudsync_test_20a
+\ir helper_psql_conn_setup.sql
+CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS cloudsync;
+
+-- Create table with UUID primary key (required for CRDT replication)
+CREATE TABLE items (
+    id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
+    name TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    price DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL DEFAULT 0.0,
+    quantity INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    metadata JSONB
+);
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- INSERT DATA BEFORE CALLING cloudsync_init
+-- This is the key difference from other tests - data exists before sync setup
+-- ============================================================================
+
+INSERT INTO items VALUES ('11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111', 'Pre-existing Item 1', 10.99, 100, '{"pre": true}');
+INSERT INTO items VALUES ('22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222', 'Pre-existing Item 2', 20.50, 200, '{"pre": true, "id": 2}');
+INSERT INTO items VALUES ('33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333', 'Pre-existing Item 3', 30.00, 300, NULL);
+INSERT INTO items VALUES ('44444444-4444-4444-4444-444444444444', 'Pre-existing Item 4', 0.0, 0, '[]');
+INSERT INTO items VALUES ('55555555-5555-5555-5555-555555555555', 'Pre-existing Item 5', -5.50, -10, '{"nested": {"key": "value"}}');
+
+-- Verify data exists before init
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS pre_init_count FROM items \gset
+\echo [INFO] (:testid) Rows before cloudsync_init: :pre_init_count
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- NOW call cloudsync_init - this should trigger cloudsync_refill_metatable
+-- ============================================================================
+
+SELECT cloudsync_init('items', 'CLS', false) AS _init_a \gset
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Verify metadata was created for existing rows
+-- ============================================================================
+
+-- Check that metadata table exists and has entries
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS metadata_count FROM items_cloudsync \gset
+
+SELECT (:metadata_count > 0) AS metadata_created \gset
+\if :metadata_created
+\echo [PASS] (:testid) Metadata table populated after init (:metadata_count entries)
+\else
+\echo [FAIL] (:testid) Metadata table empty after init - cloudsync_refill_metatable may have failed
+SELECT (:fail::int + 1) AS fail \gset
+\endif
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Compute hash of Database A data
+-- ============================================================================
+
+SELECT md5(
+    COALESCE(
+        string_agg(
+            id::text || ':' ||
+            COALESCE(name, 'NULL') || ':' ||
+            COALESCE(price::text, 'NULL') || ':' ||
+            COALESCE(quantity::text, 'NULL') || ':' ||
+            COALESCE(metadata::text, 'NULL'),
+            '|' ORDER BY id
+        ),
+        ''
+    )
+) AS hash_a FROM items \gset
+
+\echo [INFO] (:testid) Database A hash: :hash_a
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Encode payload from Database A
+-- ============================================================================
+
+SELECT encode(
+    cloudsync_payload_encode(tbl, pk, col_name, col_value, col_version, db_version, site_id, cl, seq),
+    'hex'
+) AS payload_a_hex
+FROM cloudsync_changes
+WHERE site_id = cloudsync_siteid() \gset
+
+-- Verify payload was created
+SELECT (length(:'payload_a_hex') > 0) AS payload_created \gset
+\if :payload_created
+\echo [PASS] (:testid) Payload encoded from Database A (pre-existing data)
+\else
+\echo [FAIL] (:testid) Payload encoded from Database A - Empty payload
+SELECT (:fail::int + 1) AS fail \gset
+\endif
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Setup Database B with same schema (empty)
+-- ============================================================================
+
+\connect cloudsync_test_20b
+\ir helper_psql_conn_setup.sql
+CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS cloudsync;
+
+CREATE TABLE items (
+    id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
+    name TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    price DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL DEFAULT 0.0,
+    quantity INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    metadata JSONB
+);
+
+-- Initialize CloudSync on empty table
+SELECT cloudsync_init('items', 'CLS', false) AS _init_b \gset
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Apply payload to Database B
+-- ============================================================================
+
+SELECT cloudsync_payload_apply(decode(:'payload_a_hex', 'hex')) AS apply_result \gset
+
+-- Verify application succeeded
+SELECT (:apply_result >= 0) AS payload_applied \gset
+\if :payload_applied
+\echo [PASS] (:testid) Payload applied to Database B
+\else
+\echo [FAIL] (:testid) Payload applied to Database B - Apply returned :apply_result
+SELECT (:fail::int + 1) AS fail \gset
+\endif
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Verify data integrity after roundtrip
+-- ============================================================================
+
+SELECT md5(
+    COALESCE(
+        string_agg(
+            id::text || ':' ||
+            COALESCE(name, 'NULL') || ':' ||
+            COALESCE(price::text, 'NULL') || ':' ||
+            COALESCE(quantity::text, 'NULL') || ':' ||
+            COALESCE(metadata::text, 'NULL'),
+            '|' ORDER BY id
+        ),
+        ''
+    )
+) AS hash_b FROM items \gset
+
+\echo [INFO] (:testid) Database B hash: :hash_b
+
+SELECT (:'hash_a' = :'hash_b') AS hashes_match \gset
+\if :hashes_match
+\echo [PASS] (:testid) Data integrity verified - hashes match
+\else
+\echo [FAIL] (:testid) Data integrity check failed - Database A hash: :hash_a, Database B hash: :hash_b
+SELECT (:fail::int + 1) AS fail \gset
+\endif
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Verify row count
+-- ============================================================================
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS count_b FROM items \gset
+\connect cloudsync_test_20a
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS count_a_orig FROM items \gset
+
+\connect cloudsync_test_20b
+SELECT (:count_b = :count_a_orig) AS row_counts_match \gset
+\if :row_counts_match
+\echo [PASS] (:testid) Row counts match (:count_b rows)
+\else
+\echo [FAIL] (:testid) Row counts mismatch - Database A: :count_a_orig, Database B: :count_b
+SELECT (:fail::int + 1) AS fail \gset
+\endif
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Verify specific pre-existing data was synced correctly
+-- ============================================================================
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) = 1 AS item1_ok
+FROM items
+WHERE id = '11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111'
+  AND name = 'Pre-existing Item 1'
+  AND price = 10.99
+  AND quantity = 100 \gset
+\if :item1_ok
+\echo [PASS] (:testid) Pre-existing item 1 synced correctly
+\else
+\echo [FAIL] (:testid) Pre-existing item 1 not found or incorrect
+SELECT (:fail::int + 1) AS fail \gset
+\endif
+
+-- Verify JSONB data
+SELECT COUNT(*) = 1 AS jsonb_ok
+FROM items
+WHERE id = '55555555-5555-5555-5555-555555555555' AND metadata = '{"nested": {"key": "value"}}'::jsonb \gset
+\if :jsonb_ok
+\echo [PASS] (:testid) JSONB data synced correctly
+\else
+\echo [FAIL] (:testid) JSONB data not synced correctly
+SELECT (:fail::int + 1) AS fail \gset
+\endif
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Test: Add new data AFTER init, verify it also syncs
+-- ============================================================================
+
+\connect cloudsync_test_20a
+
+-- Add new row after init
+INSERT INTO items VALUES ('66666666-6666-6666-6666-666666666666', 'Post-init Item', 66.66, 666, '{"post": true}');
+
+-- Encode new changes
+SELECT encode(
+    cloudsync_payload_encode(tbl, pk, col_name, col_value, col_version, db_version, site_id, cl, seq),
+    'hex'
+) AS payload_a2_hex
+FROM cloudsync_changes
+WHERE site_id = cloudsync_siteid() \gset
+
+\connect cloudsync_test_20b
+SELECT cloudsync_payload_apply(decode(:'payload_a2_hex', 'hex')) AS apply_result2 \gset
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) = 1 AS post_init_ok
+FROM items
+WHERE id = '66666666-6666-6666-6666-666666666666' AND name = 'Post-init Item' \gset
+\if :post_init_ok
+\echo [PASS] (:testid) Post-init data syncs correctly
+\else
+\echo [FAIL] (:testid) Post-init data failed to sync
+SELECT (:fail::int + 1) AS fail \gset
+\endif
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Test bidirectional sync (B -> A)
+-- ============================================================================
+
+INSERT INTO items VALUES ('77777777-7777-7777-7777-777777777777', 'From B', 77.77, 777, '{"from": "B"}');
+
+SELECT encode(
+    cloudsync_payload_encode(tbl, pk, col_name, col_value, col_version, db_version, site_id, cl, seq),
+    'hex'
+) AS payload_b_hex
+FROM cloudsync_changes
+WHERE site_id = cloudsync_siteid() \gset
+
+\connect cloudsync_test_20a
+SELECT cloudsync_payload_apply(decode(:'payload_b_hex', 'hex')) AS apply_b_to_a \gset
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) = 1 AS bidirectional_ok
+FROM items
+WHERE id = '77777777-7777-7777-7777-777777777777' AND name = 'From B' \gset
+\if :bidirectional_ok
+\echo [PASS] (:testid) Bidirectional sync works (B to A)
+\else
+\echo [FAIL] (:testid) Bidirectional sync failed
+SELECT (:fail::int + 1) AS fail \gset
+\endif
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Final verification: total row count should be 7 in both databases
+-- ============================================================================
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS final_count_a FROM items \gset
+\connect cloudsync_test_20b
+SELECT COUNT(*) AS final_count_b FROM items \gset
+
+SELECT (:final_count_a = 7 AND :final_count_b = 7) AS final_counts_ok \gset
+\if :final_counts_ok
+\echo [PASS] (:testid) Final row counts correct (7 rows each)
+\else
+\echo [FAIL] (:testid) Final row counts incorrect - A: :final_count_a, B: :final_count_b
+SELECT (:fail::int + 1) AS fail \gset
+\endif
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- Cleanup: Drop test databases if not in DEBUG mode and no failures
+-- ============================================================================
+
+\ir helper_test_cleanup.sql
+\if :should_cleanup
+DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudsync_test_20a;
+DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudsync_test_20b;
+\endif