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core.py
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright (c) 2015 Ralph Hempel <[email protected]>
# Copyright (c) 2015 Anton Vanhoucke <[email protected]>
# Copyright (c) 2015 Denis Demidov <[email protected]>
# Copyright (c) 2015 Eric Pascual <[email protected]>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ~autogen autogen-header
# Sections of the following code were auto-generated based on spec v1.2.0
# ~autogen
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
import sys
if sys.version_info < (3,4):
raise SystemError('Must be using Python 3.4 or higher')
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
import os
import io
import fnmatch
import numbers
import array
import mmap
import ctypes
import re
import select
import shlex
import stat
import time
from os.path import abspath
from struct import pack, unpack
from subprocess import Popen, check_output, PIPE
try:
# This is a linux-specific module.
# It is required by the Button() class, but failure to import it may be
# safely ignored if one just needs to run API tests on Windows.
import fcntl
except ImportError:
print("WARNING: Failed to import fcntl. Button class will be unuseable!")
INPUT_AUTO = ''
OUTPUT_AUTO = ''
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
def list_device_names(class_path, name_pattern, **kwargs):
"""
This is a generator function that lists names of all devices matching the
provided parameters.
Parameters:
class_path: class path of the device, a subdirectory of /sys/class.
For example, '/sys/class/tacho-motor'.
name_pattern: pattern that device name should match.
For example, 'sensor*' or 'motor*'. Default value: '*'.
keyword arguments: used for matching the corresponding device
attributes. For example, address='outA', or
driver_name=['lego-ev3-us', 'lego-nxt-us']. When argument value
is a list, then a match against any entry of the list is
enough.
"""
if not os.path.isdir(class_path):
return
def matches(attribute, pattern):
try:
with io.FileIO(attribute) as f:
value = f.read().strip().decode()
except:
return False
if isinstance(pattern, list):
return any([value.find(p) >= 0 for p in pattern])
else:
return value.find(pattern) >= 0
for f in os.listdir(class_path):
if fnmatch.fnmatch(f, name_pattern):
path = class_path + '/' + f
if all([matches(path + '/' + k, kwargs[k]) for k in kwargs]):
yield f
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Define the base class from which all other ev3dev classes are defined.
class Device(object):
"""The ev3dev device base class"""
__slots__ = ['_path', 'connected', '_device_index', 'kwargs']
DEVICE_ROOT_PATH = '/sys/class'
_DEVICE_INDEX = re.compile(r'^.*(?P<idx>\d+)$')
def __init__(self, class_name, name_pattern='*', name_exact=False, **kwargs):
"""Spin through the Linux sysfs class for the device type and find
a device that matches the provided name pattern and attributes (if any).
Parameters:
class_name: class name of the device, a subdirectory of /sys/class.
For example, 'tacho-motor'.
name_pattern: pattern that device name should match.
For example, 'sensor*' or 'motor*'. Default value: '*'.
name_exact: when True, assume that the name_pattern provided is the
exact device name and use it directly.
keyword arguments: used for matching the corresponding device
attributes. For example, address='outA', or
driver_name=['lego-ev3-us', 'lego-nxt-us']. When argument value
is a list, then a match against any entry of the list is
enough.
Example::
d = ev3dev.Device('tacho-motor', address='outA')
s = ev3dev.Device('lego-sensor', driver_name=['lego-ev3-us', 'lego-nxt-us'])
When connected succesfully, the `connected` attribute is set to True.
"""
classpath = abspath(Device.DEVICE_ROOT_PATH + '/' + class_name)
self.kwargs = kwargs
def get_index(file):
match = Device._DEVICE_INDEX.match(file)
if match:
return int(match.group('idx'))
else:
return None
if name_exact:
self._path = classpath + '/' + name_pattern
self._device_index = get_index(name_pattern)
self.connected = True
else:
try:
name = next(list_device_names(classpath, name_pattern, **kwargs))
self._path = classpath + '/' + name
self._device_index = get_index(name)
self.connected = True
except StopIteration:
self._path = None
self._device_index = None
self.connected = False
def __str__(self):
if 'address' in self.kwargs:
return "%s(%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.kwargs.get('address'))
else:
return self.__class__.__name__
def _attribute_file_open( self, name ):
path = self._path + '/' + name
mode = stat.S_IMODE(os.stat(path)[stat.ST_MODE])
r_ok = mode & stat.S_IRGRP
w_ok = mode & stat.S_IWGRP
if r_ok and w_ok:
mode = 'r+'
elif w_ok:
mode = 'w'
else:
mode = 'r'
return io.FileIO(path, mode)
def _get_attribute(self, attribute, name):
"""Device attribute getter"""
if self.connected:
if None == attribute:
attribute = self._attribute_file_open( name )
else:
attribute.seek(0)
return attribute, attribute.read().strip().decode()
else:
raise Exception('Device is not connected')
def _set_attribute(self, attribute, name, value):
"""Device attribute setter"""
if self.connected:
if None == attribute:
attribute = self._attribute_file_open( name )
else:
attribute.seek(0)
attribute.write(value.encode())
attribute.flush()
return attribute
else:
raise Exception('Device is not connected')
def get_attr_int(self, attribute, name):
attribute, value = self._get_attribute(attribute, name)
return attribute, int(value)
def set_attr_int(self, attribute, name, value):
return self._set_attribute(attribute, name, str(int(value)))
def get_attr_string(self, attribute, name):
return self._get_attribute(attribute, name)
def set_attr_string(self, attribute, name, value):
return self._set_attribute(attribute, name, value)
def get_attr_line(self, attribute, name):
return self._get_attribute(attribute, name)
def get_attr_set(self, attribute, name):
attribute, value = self.get_attr_line(attribute, name)
return attribute, [v.strip('[]') for v in value.split()]
def get_attr_from_set(self, attribute, name):
attribute, value = self.get_attr_line(attribute, name)
for a in value.split():
v = a.strip('[]')
if v != a:
return v
return ""
@property
def device_index(self):
return self._device_index
def list_devices(class_name, name_pattern, **kwargs):
"""
This is a generator function that takes same arguments as `Device` class
and enumerates all devices present in the system that match the provided
arguments.
Parameters:
class_name: class name of the device, a subdirectory of /sys/class.
For example, 'tacho-motor'.
name_pattern: pattern that device name should match.
For example, 'sensor*' or 'motor*'. Default value: '*'.
keyword arguments: used for matching the corresponding device
attributes. For example, address='outA', or
driver_name=['lego-ev3-us', 'lego-nxt-us']. When argument value
is a list, then a match against any entry of the list is
enough.
"""
classpath = abspath(Device.DEVICE_ROOT_PATH + '/' + class_name)
return (Device(class_name, name, name_exact=True)
for name in list_device_names(classpath, name_pattern, **kwargs))
# ~autogen generic-class classes.motor>currentClass
class Motor(Device):
"""
The motor class provides a uniform interface for using motors with
positional and directional feedback such as the EV3 and NXT motors.
This feedback allows for precise control of the motors. This is the
most common type of motor, so we just call it `motor`.
The way to configure a motor is to set the '_sp' attributes when
calling a command or before. Only in 'run_direct' mode attribute
changes are processed immediately, in the other modes they only
take place when a new command is issued.
"""
SYSTEM_CLASS_NAME = 'tacho-motor'
SYSTEM_DEVICE_NAME_CONVENTION = '*'
def __init__(self, address=None, name_pattern=SYSTEM_DEVICE_NAME_CONVENTION, name_exact=False, **kwargs):
if address is not None:
kwargs['address'] = address
super(Motor, self).__init__(self.SYSTEM_CLASS_NAME, name_pattern, name_exact, **kwargs)
self._address = None
self._command = None
self._commands = None
self._count_per_rot = None
self._count_per_m = None
self._driver_name = None
self._duty_cycle = None
self._duty_cycle_sp = None
self._full_travel_count = None
self._polarity = None
self._position = None
self._position_p = None
self._position_i = None
self._position_d = None
self._position_sp = None
self._max_speed = None
self._speed = None
self._speed_sp = None
self._ramp_up_sp = None
self._ramp_down_sp = None
self._speed_p = None
self._speed_i = None
self._speed_d = None
self._state = None
self._stop_action = None
self._stop_actions = None
self._time_sp = None
# ~autogen
self._poll = None
__slots__ = [
# ~autogen generic-class-slots classes.motor>currentClass
'_address',
'_command',
'_commands',
'_count_per_rot',
'_count_per_m',
'_driver_name',
'_duty_cycle',
'_duty_cycle_sp',
'_full_travel_count',
'_polarity',
'_position',
'_position_p',
'_position_i',
'_position_d',
'_position_sp',
'_max_speed',
'_speed',
'_speed_sp',
'_ramp_up_sp',
'_ramp_down_sp',
'_speed_p',
'_speed_i',
'_speed_d',
'_state',
'_stop_action',
'_stop_actions',
'_time_sp',
# ~autogen
'_poll',
]
# ~autogen generic-get-set classes.motor>currentClass
@property
def address(self):
"""
Returns the name of the port that this motor is connected to.
"""
self._address, value = self.get_attr_string(self._address, 'address')
return value
@property
def command(self):
"""
Sends a command to the motor controller. See `commands` for a list of
possible values.
"""
raise Exception("command is a write-only property!")
@command.setter
def command(self, value):
self._command = self.set_attr_string(self._command, 'command', value)
@property
def commands(self):
"""
Returns a list of commands that are supported by the motor
controller. Possible values are `run-forever`, `run-to-abs-pos`, `run-to-rel-pos`,
`run-timed`, `run-direct`, `stop` and `reset`. Not all commands may be supported.
- `run-forever` will cause the motor to run until another command is sent.
- `run-to-abs-pos` will run to an absolute position specified by `position_sp`
and then stop using the action specified in `stop_action`.
- `run-to-rel-pos` will run to a position relative to the current `position` value.
The new position will be current `position` + `position_sp`. When the new
position is reached, the motor will stop using the action specified by `stop_action`.
- `run-timed` will run the motor for the amount of time specified in `time_sp`
and then stop the motor using the action specified by `stop_action`.
- `run-direct` will run the motor at the duty cycle specified by `duty_cycle_sp`.
Unlike other run commands, changing `duty_cycle_sp` while running *will*
take effect immediately.
- `stop` will stop any of the run commands before they are complete using the
action specified by `stop_action`.
- `reset` will reset all of the motor parameter attributes to their default value.
This will also have the effect of stopping the motor.
"""
self._commands, value = self.get_attr_set(self._commands, 'commands')
return value
@property
def count_per_rot(self):
"""
Returns the number of tacho counts in one rotation of the motor. Tacho counts
are used by the position and speed attributes, so you can use this value
to convert rotations or degrees to tacho counts. (rotation motors only)
"""
self._count_per_rot, value = self.get_attr_int(self._count_per_rot, 'count_per_rot')
return value
@property
def count_per_m(self):
"""
Returns the number of tacho counts in one meter of travel of the motor. Tacho
counts are used by the position and speed attributes, so you can use this
value to convert from distance to tacho counts. (linear motors only)
"""
self._count_per_m, value = self.get_attr_int(self._count_per_m, 'count_per_m')
return value
@property
def driver_name(self):
"""
Returns the name of the driver that provides this tacho motor device.
"""
self._driver_name, value = self.get_attr_string(self._driver_name, 'driver_name')
return value
@property
def duty_cycle(self):
"""
Returns the current duty cycle of the motor. Units are percent. Values
are -100 to 100.
"""
self._duty_cycle, value = self.get_attr_int(self._duty_cycle, 'duty_cycle')
return value
@property
def duty_cycle_sp(self):
"""
Writing sets the duty cycle setpoint. Reading returns the current value.
Units are in percent. Valid values are -100 to 100. A negative value causes
the motor to rotate in reverse.
"""
self._duty_cycle_sp, value = self.get_attr_int(self._duty_cycle_sp, 'duty_cycle_sp')
return value
@duty_cycle_sp.setter
def duty_cycle_sp(self, value):
self._duty_cycle_sp = self.set_attr_int(self._duty_cycle_sp, 'duty_cycle_sp', value)
@property
def full_travel_count(self):
"""
Returns the number of tacho counts in the full travel of the motor. When
combined with the `count_per_m` atribute, you can use this value to
calculate the maximum travel distance of the motor. (linear motors only)
"""
self._full_travel_count, value = self.get_attr_int(self._full_travel_count, 'full_travel_count')
return value
@property
def polarity(self):
"""
Sets the polarity of the motor. With `normal` polarity, a positive duty
cycle will cause the motor to rotate clockwise. With `inversed` polarity,
a positive duty cycle will cause the motor to rotate counter-clockwise.
Valid values are `normal` and `inversed`.
"""
self._polarity, value = self.get_attr_string(self._polarity, 'polarity')
return value
@polarity.setter
def polarity(self, value):
self._polarity = self.set_attr_string(self._polarity, 'polarity', value)
@property
def position(self):
"""
Returns the current position of the motor in pulses of the rotary
encoder. When the motor rotates clockwise, the position will increase.
Likewise, rotating counter-clockwise causes the position to decrease.
Writing will set the position to that value.
"""
self._position, value = self.get_attr_int(self._position, 'position')
return value
@position.setter
def position(self, value):
self._position = self.set_attr_int(self._position, 'position', value)
@property
def position_p(self):
"""
The proportional constant for the position PID.
"""
self._position_p, value = self.get_attr_int(self._position_p, 'hold_pid/Kp')
return value
@position_p.setter
def position_p(self, value):
self._position_p = self.set_attr_int(self._position_p, 'hold_pid/Kp', value)
@property
def position_i(self):
"""
The integral constant for the position PID.
"""
self._position_i, value = self.get_attr_int(self._position_i, 'hold_pid/Ki')
return value
@position_i.setter
def position_i(self, value):
self._position_i = self.set_attr_int(self._position_i, 'hold_pid/Ki', value)
@property
def position_d(self):
"""
The derivative constant for the position PID.
"""
self._position_d, value = self.get_attr_int(self._position_d, 'hold_pid/Kd')
return value
@position_d.setter
def position_d(self, value):
self._position_d = self.set_attr_int(self._position_d, 'hold_pid/Kd', value)
@property
def position_sp(self):
"""
Writing specifies the target position for the `run-to-abs-pos` and `run-to-rel-pos`
commands. Reading returns the current value. Units are in tacho counts. You
can use the value returned by `counts_per_rot` to convert tacho counts to/from
rotations or degrees.
"""
self._position_sp, value = self.get_attr_int(self._position_sp, 'position_sp')
return value
@position_sp.setter
def position_sp(self, value):
self._position_sp = self.set_attr_int(self._position_sp, 'position_sp', value)
@property
def max_speed(self):
"""
Returns the maximum value that is accepted by the `speed_sp` attribute. This
may be slightly different than the maximum speed that a particular motor can
reach - it's the maximum theoretical speed.
"""
self._max_speed, value = self.get_attr_int(self._max_speed, 'max_speed')
return value
@property
def speed(self):
"""
Returns the current motor speed in tacho counts per second. Note, this is
not necessarily degrees (although it is for LEGO motors). Use the `count_per_rot`
attribute to convert this value to RPM or deg/sec.
"""
self._speed, value = self.get_attr_int(self._speed, 'speed')
return value
@property
def speed_sp(self):
"""
Writing sets the target speed in tacho counts per second used for all `run-*`
commands except `run-direct`. Reading returns the current value. A negative
value causes the motor to rotate in reverse with the exception of `run-to-*-pos`
commands where the sign is ignored. Use the `count_per_rot` attribute to convert
RPM or deg/sec to tacho counts per second. Use the `count_per_m` attribute to
convert m/s to tacho counts per second.
"""
self._speed_sp, value = self.get_attr_int(self._speed_sp, 'speed_sp')
return value
@speed_sp.setter
def speed_sp(self, value):
self._speed_sp = self.set_attr_int(self._speed_sp, 'speed_sp', value)
@property
def ramp_up_sp(self):
"""
Writing sets the ramp up setpoint. Reading returns the current value. Units
are in milliseconds and must be positive. When set to a non-zero value, the
motor speed will increase from 0 to 100% of `max_speed` over the span of this
setpoint. The actual ramp time is the ratio of the difference between the
`speed_sp` and the current `speed` and max_speed multiplied by `ramp_up_sp`.
"""
self._ramp_up_sp, value = self.get_attr_int(self._ramp_up_sp, 'ramp_up_sp')
return value
@ramp_up_sp.setter
def ramp_up_sp(self, value):
self._ramp_up_sp = self.set_attr_int(self._ramp_up_sp, 'ramp_up_sp', value)
@property
def ramp_down_sp(self):
"""
Writing sets the ramp down setpoint. Reading returns the current value. Units
are in milliseconds and must be positive. When set to a non-zero value, the
motor speed will decrease from 0 to 100% of `max_speed` over the span of this
setpoint. The actual ramp time is the ratio of the difference between the
`speed_sp` and the current `speed` and max_speed multiplied by `ramp_down_sp`.
"""
self._ramp_down_sp, value = self.get_attr_int(self._ramp_down_sp, 'ramp_down_sp')
return value
@ramp_down_sp.setter
def ramp_down_sp(self, value):
self._ramp_down_sp = self.set_attr_int(self._ramp_down_sp, 'ramp_down_sp', value)
@property
def speed_p(self):
"""
The proportional constant for the speed regulation PID.
"""
self._speed_p, value = self.get_attr_int(self._speed_p, 'speed_pid/Kp')
return value
@speed_p.setter
def speed_p(self, value):
self._speed_p = self.set_attr_int(self._speed_p, 'speed_pid/Kp', value)
@property
def speed_i(self):
"""
The integral constant for the speed regulation PID.
"""
self._speed_i, value = self.get_attr_int(self._speed_i, 'speed_pid/Ki')
return value
@speed_i.setter
def speed_i(self, value):
self._speed_i = self.set_attr_int(self._speed_i, 'speed_pid/Ki', value)
@property
def speed_d(self):
"""
The derivative constant for the speed regulation PID.
"""
self._speed_d, value = self.get_attr_int(self._speed_d, 'speed_pid/Kd')
return value
@speed_d.setter
def speed_d(self, value):
self._speed_d = self.set_attr_int(self._speed_d, 'speed_pid/Kd', value)
@property
def state(self):
"""
Reading returns a list of state flags. Possible flags are
`running`, `ramping`, `holding`, `overloaded` and `stalled`.
"""
self._state, value = self.get_attr_set(self._state, 'state')
return value
@property
def stop_action(self):
"""
Reading returns the current stop action. Writing sets the stop action.
The value determines the motors behavior when `command` is set to `stop`.
Also, it determines the motors behavior when a run command completes. See
`stop_actions` for a list of possible values.
"""
self._stop_action, value = self.get_attr_string(self._stop_action, 'stop_action')
return value
@stop_action.setter
def stop_action(self, value):
self._stop_action = self.set_attr_string(self._stop_action, 'stop_action', value)
@property
def stop_actions(self):
"""
Returns a list of stop actions supported by the motor controller.
Possible values are `coast`, `brake` and `hold`. `coast` means that power will
be removed from the motor and it will freely coast to a stop. `brake` means
that power will be removed from the motor and a passive electrical load will
be placed on the motor. This is usually done by shorting the motor terminals
together. This load will absorb the energy from the rotation of the motors and
cause the motor to stop more quickly than coasting. `hold` does not remove
power from the motor. Instead it actively tries to hold the motor at the current
position. If an external force tries to turn the motor, the motor will 'push
back' to maintain its position.
"""
self._stop_actions, value = self.get_attr_set(self._stop_actions, 'stop_actions')
return value
@property
def time_sp(self):
"""
Writing specifies the amount of time the motor will run when using the
`run-timed` command. Reading returns the current value. Units are in
milliseconds.
"""
self._time_sp, value = self.get_attr_int(self._time_sp, 'time_sp')
return value
@time_sp.setter
def time_sp(self, value):
self._time_sp = self.set_attr_int(self._time_sp, 'time_sp', value)
# ~autogen
# ~autogen generic-property-value classes.motor>currentClass
#: Run the motor until another command is sent.
COMMAND_RUN_FOREVER = 'run-forever'
#: Run to an absolute position specified by `position_sp` and then
#: stop using the action specified in `stop_action`.
COMMAND_RUN_TO_ABS_POS = 'run-to-abs-pos'
#: Run to a position relative to the current `position` value.
#: The new position will be current `position` + `position_sp`.
#: When the new position is reached, the motor will stop using
#: the action specified by `stop_action`.
COMMAND_RUN_TO_REL_POS = 'run-to-rel-pos'
#: Run the motor for the amount of time specified in `time_sp`
#: and then stop the motor using the action specified by `stop_action`.
COMMAND_RUN_TIMED = 'run-timed'
#: Run the motor at the duty cycle specified by `duty_cycle_sp`.
#: Unlike other run commands, changing `duty_cycle_sp` while running *will*
#: take effect immediately.
COMMAND_RUN_DIRECT = 'run-direct'
#: Stop any of the run commands before they are complete using the
#: action specified by `stop_action`.
COMMAND_STOP = 'stop'
#: Reset all of the motor parameter attributes to their default value.
#: This will also have the effect of stopping the motor.
COMMAND_RESET = 'reset'
#: Sets the normal polarity of the rotary encoder.
ENCODER_POLARITY_NORMAL = 'normal'
#: Sets the inversed polarity of the rotary encoder.
ENCODER_POLARITY_INVERSED = 'inversed'
#: With `normal` polarity, a positive duty cycle will
#: cause the motor to rotate clockwise.
POLARITY_NORMAL = 'normal'
#: With `inversed` polarity, a positive duty cycle will
#: cause the motor to rotate counter-clockwise.
POLARITY_INVERSED = 'inversed'
#: Power is being sent to the motor.
STATE_RUNNING = 'running'
#: The motor is ramping up or down and has not yet reached a constant output level.
STATE_RAMPING = 'ramping'
#: The motor is not turning, but rather attempting to hold a fixed position.
STATE_HOLDING = 'holding'
#: The motor is turning, but cannot reach its `speed_sp`.
STATE_OVERLOADED = 'overloaded'
#: The motor is not turning when it should be.
STATE_STALLED = 'stalled'
#: Power will be removed from the motor and it will freely coast to a stop.
STOP_ACTION_COAST = 'coast'
#: Power will be removed from the motor and a passive electrical load will
#: be placed on the motor. This is usually done by shorting the motor terminals
#: together. This load will absorb the energy from the rotation of the motors and
#: cause the motor to stop more quickly than coasting.
STOP_ACTION_BRAKE = 'brake'
#: Does not remove power from the motor. Instead it actively try to hold the motor
#: at the current position. If an external force tries to turn the motor, the motor
#: will `push back` to maintain its position.
STOP_ACTION_HOLD = 'hold'
# ~autogen
# ~autogen motor_commands classes.motor>currentClass
def run_forever(self, **kwargs):
"""Run the motor until another command is sent.
"""
for key in kwargs:
setattr(self, key, kwargs[key])
self.command = self.COMMAND_RUN_FOREVER
def run_to_abs_pos(self, **kwargs):
"""Run to an absolute position specified by `position_sp` and then
stop using the action specified in `stop_action`.
"""
for key in kwargs:
setattr(self, key, kwargs[key])
self.command = self.COMMAND_RUN_TO_ABS_POS
def run_to_rel_pos(self, **kwargs):
"""Run to a position relative to the current `position` value.
The new position will be current `position` + `position_sp`.
When the new position is reached, the motor will stop using
the action specified by `stop_action`.
"""
for key in kwargs:
setattr(self, key, kwargs[key])
self.command = self.COMMAND_RUN_TO_REL_POS
def run_timed(self, **kwargs):
"""Run the motor for the amount of time specified in `time_sp`
and then stop the motor using the action specified by `stop_action`.
"""
for key in kwargs:
setattr(self, key, kwargs[key])
self.command = self.COMMAND_RUN_TIMED
def run_direct(self, **kwargs):
"""Run the motor at the duty cycle specified by `duty_cycle_sp`.
Unlike other run commands, changing `duty_cycle_sp` while running *will*
take effect immediately.
"""
for key in kwargs:
setattr(self, key, kwargs[key])
self.command = self.COMMAND_RUN_DIRECT
def stop(self, **kwargs):
"""Stop any of the run commands before they are complete using the
action specified by `stop_action`.
"""
for key in kwargs:
setattr(self, key, kwargs[key])
self.command = self.COMMAND_STOP
def reset(self, **kwargs):
"""Reset all of the motor parameter attributes to their default value.
This will also have the effect of stopping the motor.
"""
for key in kwargs:
setattr(self, key, kwargs[key])
self.command = self.COMMAND_RESET
# ~autogen
# ~autogen motor_states classes.motor>currentClass
@property
def is_running(self):
"""Power is being sent to the motor.
"""
return self.STATE_RUNNING in self.state
@property
def is_ramping(self):
"""The motor is ramping up or down and has not yet reached a constant output level.
"""
return self.STATE_RAMPING in self.state
@property
def is_holding(self):
"""The motor is not turning, but rather attempting to hold a fixed position.
"""
return self.STATE_HOLDING in self.state
@property
def is_overloaded(self):
"""The motor is turning, but cannot reach its `speed_sp`.
"""
return self.STATE_OVERLOADED in self.state
@property
def is_stalled(self):
"""The motor is not turning when it should be.
"""
return self.STATE_STALLED in self.state
# ~autogen
def wait(self, cond, timeout=None):
"""
Blocks until ``cond(self.state)`` is ``True``. The condition is
checked when there is an I/O event related to the ``state`` attribute.
Exits early when ``timeout`` (in milliseconds) is reached.
Returns ``True`` if the condition is met, and ``False`` if the timeout
is reached.
"""
tic = time.time()
if self._poll is None:
if self._state is None:
self._state = self._attribute_file_open('state')
self._poll = select.poll()
self._poll.register(self._state, select.POLLPRI)
while True:
self._poll.poll(None if timeout is None else timeout)
if timeout is not None and time.time() >= tic + timeout / 1000:
return False
if cond(self.state):
return True
def wait_until(self, s, timeout=None):
"""
Blocks until ``s`` is in ``self.state``. The condition is checked when
there is an I/O event related to the ``state`` attribute. Exits early
when ``timeout`` (in milliseconds) is reached.
Returns ``True`` if the condition is met, and ``False`` if the timeout
is reached.
Example::
m.wait_until('stalled')
"""
return self.wait(lambda state: s in state, timeout)
def wait_while(self, s, timeout=None):
"""
Blocks until ``s`` is not in ``self.state``. The condition is checked
when there is an I/O event related to the ``state`` attribute. Exits
early when ``timeout`` (in milliseconds) is reached.
Returns ``True`` if the condition is met, and ``False`` if the timeout
is reached.
Example::
m.wait_while('running')
"""
return self.wait(lambda state: s not in state, timeout)
def list_motors(name_pattern=Motor.SYSTEM_DEVICE_NAME_CONVENTION, **kwargs):
"""
This is a generator function that enumerates all tacho motors that match
the provided arguments.
Parameters:
name_pattern: pattern that device name should match.
For example, 'motor*'. Default value: '*'.
keyword arguments: used for matching the corresponding device
attributes. For example, driver_name='lego-ev3-l-motor', or
address=['outB', 'outC']. When argument value
is a list, then a match against any entry of the list is
enough.
"""
class_path = abspath(Device.DEVICE_ROOT_PATH + '/' + Motor.SYSTEM_CLASS_NAME)
return (Motor(name_pattern=name, name_exact=True)
for name in list_device_names(class_path, name_pattern, **kwargs))
# ~autogen generic-class classes.largeMotor>currentClass
class LargeMotor(Motor):
"""
EV3/NXT large servo motor
"""
SYSTEM_CLASS_NAME = Motor.SYSTEM_CLASS_NAME
SYSTEM_DEVICE_NAME_CONVENTION = '*'
def __init__(self, address=None, name_pattern=SYSTEM_DEVICE_NAME_CONVENTION, name_exact=False, **kwargs):
super(LargeMotor, self).__init__(address, name_pattern, name_exact, driver_name=['lego-ev3-l-motor', 'lego-nxt-motor'], **kwargs)
# ~autogen
__slots__ = [
# ~autogen generic-class-slots classes.largeMotor>currentClass
# ~autogen
]
# ~autogen generic-class classes.mediumMotor>currentClass
class MediumMotor(Motor):
"""
EV3 medium servo motor
"""
SYSTEM_CLASS_NAME = Motor.SYSTEM_CLASS_NAME
SYSTEM_DEVICE_NAME_CONVENTION = '*'
def __init__(self, address=None, name_pattern=SYSTEM_DEVICE_NAME_CONVENTION, name_exact=False, **kwargs):
super(MediumMotor, self).__init__(address, name_pattern, name_exact, driver_name=['lego-ev3-m-motor'], **kwargs)