Working with directories: listing, filtering, walking. Use Path.iterdir() to list entries, Path.glob("*.txt") for pattern matching, and Path.rglob("*.txt") for recursive glob. Create directories with mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True). Use shutil.rmtree() to remove a directory and its contents.

What you'll learn:

• Listing with iterdir()
• Glob patterns: *.txt, **/*.py
• Creating and cleaning up directories

from pathlib import Path
import tempfile
import shutil

# Create a temp directory
tmp = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
(tmp / "a.txt").write_text("")
(tmp / "b.txt").write_text("")
(tmp / "sub").mkdir()
(tmp / "sub" / "c.txt").write_text("")

# List directory
print(sorted(tmp.iterdir(), key=lambda p: str(p)))

# Glob
print(list(tmp.glob("*.txt")))

# Recursive glob
print(list(tmp.rglob("*.txt")))

# Cleanup
shutil.rmtree(tmp)

glob("*.txt") matches only in the current directory; rglob("*.txt") matches recursively. Glob patterns are similar to shell wildcards.

To run this program:

$ python source/directories.py
[PosixPath('/tmp/.../a.txt'), PosixPath('/tmp/.../b.txt'), PosixPath('/tmp/.../sub')]   # paths vary
[PosixPath('/tmp/.../a.txt'), PosixPath('/tmp/.../b.txt')]
[PosixPath('/tmp/.../a.txt'), PosixPath('/tmp/.../b.txt'), PosixPath('/tmp/.../sub/c.txt')]

Path values vary each run; the structure of the output is consistent.

Tip: Use os.walk() for more control over recursive traversal, or pathlib.rglob() for simple cases.

Try it: Create a directory structure and use glob to find all .py files.

Source: directories.py

Next: Temporary Files