iterative mergesort added

Create GCD.py

* Fractional Knapsack Algorithm

* Longest Palindrome Substring Algorithm

…ring, and sorting algorithms

- Add new backtracking module with N-Queens, Sudoku solver, maze solver, and permutations
- Extend pathfinding with Bellman-Ford, Floyd-Warshall, and Prim's algorithms
- Add advanced string algorithms: KMP search and edit distance
- Add Bingo sort algorithm optimized for datasets with duplicates
- Include comprehensive test suite with 10/10 tests passing
- Maintain consistent API patterns and educational focus
- All algorithms authored by Adwaita Jadhav

Closes: Enhancement request for missing fundamental algorithms

…riority-algorithms

feat: Add high priority algorithms - backtracking, advanced graph, st…