EngineSquared · Miou-zora · Apr 9, 2026 · Apr 8, 2026 · Apr 8, 2026 · Apr 8, 2026
diff --git a/src/plugin/default-pipeline/src/component/GPUDirectionalLight.hpp b/src/plugin/default-pipeline/src/component/GPUDirectionalLight.hpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ struct GPUDirectionalLight {
     glm::mat4 viewProjectionMatrix;
     Id buffer{};
     Id bindGroupData{};
-    wgpu::TextureView shadowTextureView;
+    Id shadowTextureView{};
     uint32_t shadowTextureIndex;
 
     void Update(const Object::Component::DirectionalLight &light, const Object::Component::Transform &transform)

diff --git a/src/plugin/default-pipeline/src/resource/pass/Shadow.hpp b/src/plugin/default-pipeline/src/resource/pass/Shadow.hpp
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class Shadow : public Graphic::Resource::AMultipleExecutionRenderPass<Shadow> {
             {
                 auto &lightGPUComponent = entity.GetComponents<Component::GPUDirectionalLight>();
                 auto &outputs = this->GetOutputs();
-                outputs.depthBuffer->depthTextureView = lightGPUComponent.shadowTextureView;
+                outputs.depthBuffer->depthTextureViewId = lightGPUComponent.shadowTextureView;
                 lightGPUComponent.shadowTextureIndex = passIndex;
                 return;
             }

diff --git a/src/plugin/default-pipeline/src/system/GPUComponentManagement/OnDirectionalLightCreation.cpp b/src/plugin/default-pipeline/src/system/GPUComponentManagement/OnDirectionalLightCreation.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "resource/SamplerContainer.hpp"
 #include "resource/Texture.hpp"
 #include "resource/TextureContainer.hpp"
+#include "resource/TextureViewContainer.hpp"
 #include "resource/buffer/DirectionalLightBuffer.hpp"
 #include "resource/pass/GBuffer.hpp"
 #include "resource/pass/Shadow.hpp"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ void DefaultPipeline::System::OnDirectionalLightCreation(Engine::Core &core, Eng
     auto &gpuBufferContainer = core.GetResource<Graphic::Resource::GPUBufferContainer>();
     auto &bindGroupManager = core.GetResource<Graphic::Resource::BindGroupManager>();
     auto &textureContainer = core.GetResource<Graphic::Resource::TextureContainer>();
+    auto &textureViewContainer = core.GetResource<Graphic::Resource::TextureViewContainer>();
     auto &samplerContainer = core.GetResource<Graphic::Resource::SamplerContainer>();
     const auto &context = core.GetResource<Graphic::Resource::Context>();
 
@@ -47,7 +49,10 @@ void DefaultPipeline::System::OnDirectionalLightCreation(Engine::Core &core, Eng
     shadowTextureViewDesc.baseArrayLayer = lightIndex;
     shadowTextureViewDesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
     shadowTextureViewDesc.usage = wgpu::TextureUsage::TextureBinding | wgpu::TextureUsage::RenderAttachment;
-    GPUDirectionalLight.shadowTextureView = directionalShadowsTexture.CreateView(shadowTextureViewDesc);
+
+    entt::hashed_string shadowTextureViewId{textureViewName.data(), textureViewName.size()};
+    textureViewContainer.Add(shadowTextureViewId, directionalShadowsTexture.CreateView(shadowTextureViewDesc));
+    GPUDirectionalLight.shadowTextureView = shadowTextureViewId;
 
     std::string bindGroupName = fmt::format("DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT_BIND_GROUP_{}", entity);
     const uint64_t directionalLightBufferSize = Resource::DirectionalLightBuffer::DirectionalLightTransfer::GPUSize();

diff --git a/src/plugin/graphic/src/Graphic.hpp b/src/plugin/graphic/src/Graphic.hpp
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 #include "resource/Surface.hpp"
 #include "resource/Texture.hpp"
 #include "resource/TextureContainer.hpp"
+#include "resource/TextureView.hpp"
+#include "resource/TextureViewContainer.hpp"
 
 // Utils
 #include "utils/DefaultSampler.hpp"
@@ -93,3 +95,4 @@
 #include "system/shutdown/ReleaseSampler.hpp"
 #include "system/shutdown/ReleaseShader.hpp"
 #include "system/shutdown/ReleaseTexture.hpp"
+#include "system/shutdown/ReleaseTextureView.hpp"
diff --git a/src/plugin/graphic/src/plugin/PluginGraphic.cpp b/src/plugin/graphic/src/plugin/PluginGraphic.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ void Graphic::Plugin::Bind()
     RegisterResource(Graphic::Resource::GraphicSettings());
     RegisterResource(Graphic::Resource::ShaderContainer());
     RegisterResource(Graphic::Resource::TextureContainer());
+    RegisterResource(Graphic::Resource::TextureViewContainer());
     RegisterResource(Graphic::Resource::GPUBufferContainer());
     RegisterResource(Graphic::Resource::SamplerContainer());
     RegisterResource(Graphic::Resource::BindGroupManager());
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ void Graphic::Plugin::Bind()
 
     RegisterSystems<RenderingPipeline::Presentation>(System::Present);
 
-    RegisterSystems<Engine::Scheduler::Shutdown>(System::ReleaseGPUBuffer, System::ReleaseBindingGroup,
-                                                 System::ReleaseShader, System::ReleaseTexture, System::ReleaseSampler,
-                                                 System::ReleaseContext);
+    RegisterSystems<Engine::Scheduler::Shutdown>(
+        System::ReleaseGPUBuffer, System::ReleaseBindingGroup, System::ReleaseShader, System::ReleaseTextureView,
+        System::ReleaseTexture, System::ReleaseSampler, System::ReleaseContext);
 }
diff --git a/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/AMultipleExecutionRenderPass.hpp b/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/AMultipleExecutionRenderPass.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "exception/FailToCreateCommandEncoderError.hpp"
 #include "exception/MissingOutputRenderPassError.hpp"
 #include "resource/ARenderPass.hpp"
+#include "resource/TextureViewContainer.hpp"
 
 namespace Graphic::Resource {
 
@@ -104,15 +105,17 @@ template <typename TDerived> class AMultipleExecutionRenderPass : public ARender
             wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment colorAttachment(wgpu::Default);
 
             entt::hashed_string textureId = colorTexture.textureId;
-            auto textureView = core.GetResource<Resource::TextureContainer>().Get(textureId).GetDefaultView();
+            auto textureView =
+                core.GetResource<Resource::TextureContainer>().Get(textureId).GetDefaultView().GetWebGPUView();
 
             colorAttachment.view = textureView;
             if (colorTexture.textureResolveTargetName.has_value())
             {
                 std::string resolveTargetName = colorTexture.textureResolveTargetName.value();
                 auto resolveTextureView = core.GetResource<Resource::TextureContainer>()
                                               .Get(entt::hashed_string{resolveTargetName.c_str()})
-                                              .GetDefaultView();
+                                              .GetDefaultView()
+                                              .GetWebGPUView();
                 colorAttachment.resolveTarget = resolveTextureView;
             }
             colorAttachment.storeOp = colorTexture.storeOp;
@@ -138,14 +141,17 @@ template <typename TDerived> class AMultipleExecutionRenderPass : public ARender
             const auto &depthTexture = this->GetOutputs().depthBuffer.value();
 
             wgpu::TextureView depthView;
-            if (depthTexture.depthTextureView.has_value())
+            if (depthTexture.depthTextureViewId.has_value())
             {
-                depthView = depthTexture.depthTextureView.value();
+                depthView = core.GetResource<Resource::TextureViewContainer>()
+                                .Get(depthTexture.depthTextureViewId.value())
+                                .GetWebGPUView();
             }
             else
             {
                 entt::hashed_string textureId = depthTexture.textureId;
-                depthView = core.GetResource<Resource::TextureContainer>().Get(textureId).GetDefaultView();
+                depthView =
+                    core.GetResource<Resource::TextureContainer>().Get(textureId).GetDefaultView().GetWebGPUView();
             }
 
             depthAttachment.view = depthView;

diff --git a/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/ARenderPass.hpp b/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/ARenderPass.hpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ struct ColorOutput {
 struct DepthOutput {
     // TODO: use textureView container
     entt::hashed_string textureId{};
-    std::optional<wgpu::TextureView> depthTextureView;
+    std::optional<entt::hashed_string> depthTextureViewId = std::nullopt;
     explicit DepthOutput(std::string_view textureId_ = {})
     {
         if (!textureId_.empty())

diff --git a/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/ASingleExecutionRenderPass.hpp b/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/ASingleExecutionRenderPass.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "exception/FailToCreateCommandEncoderError.hpp"
 #include "exception/MissingOutputRenderPassError.hpp"
 #include "resource/ARenderPass.hpp"
+#include "resource/TextureViewContainer.hpp"
 
 namespace Graphic::Resource {
 
@@ -75,15 +76,17 @@ template <typename TDerived> class ASingleExecutionRenderPass : public ARenderPa
             wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment colorAttachment(wgpu::Default);
 
             entt::hashed_string textureId = colorTexture.textureId;
-            auto textureView = core.GetResource<Resource::TextureContainer>().Get(textureId).GetDefaultView();
+            auto textureView =
+                core.GetResource<Resource::TextureContainer>().Get(textureId).GetDefaultView().GetWebGPUView();
 
             colorAttachment.view = textureView;
             if (colorTexture.textureResolveTargetName.has_value())
             {
                 std::string resolveTargetName = colorTexture.textureResolveTargetName.value();
                 auto resolveTextureView = core.GetResource<Resource::TextureContainer>()
                                               .Get(entt::hashed_string{resolveTargetName.c_str()})
-                                              .GetDefaultView();
+                                              .GetDefaultView()
+                                              .GetWebGPUView();
                 colorAttachment.resolveTarget = resolveTextureView;
             }
             colorAttachment.storeOp = colorTexture.storeOp;
@@ -109,14 +112,16 @@ template <typename TDerived> class ASingleExecutionRenderPass : public ARenderPa
             const auto &depthTexture = this->GetOutputs().depthBuffer.value();
 
             wgpu::TextureView depthView;
-            if (depthTexture.depthTextureView.has_value())
+            if (depthTexture.depthTextureViewId.has_value())
             {
-                depthView = depthTexture.depthTextureView.value();
+                const auto &textureViewId = depthTexture.depthTextureViewId.value();
+                depthView = core.GetResource<Resource::TextureViewContainer>().Get(textureViewId).GetWebGPUView();
             }
             else
             {
                 entt::hashed_string textureId = depthTexture.textureId;
-                depthView = core.GetResource<Resource::TextureContainer>().Get(textureId).GetDefaultView();
+                depthView =
+                    core.GetResource<Resource::TextureContainer>().Get(textureId).GetDefaultView().GetWebGPUView();
             }
 
             depthAttachment.view = depthView;

diff --git a/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/BindGroup.hpp b/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/BindGroup.hpp
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class BindGroup {
         case Asset::Type::Texture: {
             auto &textureContainer = core.GetResource<Graphic::Resource::TextureContainer>();
             auto &texture = textureContainer.GetOrDefault(asset.name);
-            entry.textureView = texture.GetDefaultView();
+            entry.textureView = texture.GetDefaultView().GetWebGPUView();
             break;
         }
         default: throw Exception::BindGroupCreationError("Unexpected Asset::Type value in _CreateBindGroupEntry");

diff --git a/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/Texture.hpp b/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/Texture.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "exception/UnsupportedTextureFormatError.hpp"
 #include "resource/Context.hpp"
 #include "resource/Image.hpp"
+#include "resource/TextureView.hpp"
 #include "utils/GetBytesPerPixel.hpp"
 #include "utils/webgpu.hpp"
 #include <array>
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ class Texture {
     Texture(std::string_view name, wgpu::Texture texture, bool ownsResources = true)
         : _webgpuTexture(texture), _defaultView(nullptr), _name(std::string(name)), _ownsResources(ownsResources)
     {
-        _defaultView = _webgpuTexture.createView();
+        _defaultView = Resource::TextureView(_webgpuTexture.createView());
     }
 
     Texture(const Context &context, const wgpu::TextureDescriptor &descriptor)
@@ -135,8 +136,7 @@ class Texture {
 
     ~Texture()
     {
-        if (_defaultView != nullptr)
-            _defaultView.release();
+        _defaultView.Delete();
 
         if (_ownsResources && _webgpuTexture != nullptr)
             _webgpuTexture.release();
@@ -150,7 +150,6 @@ class Texture {
           _name(std::move(other._name)), _ownsResources(other._ownsResources)
     {
         other._webgpuTexture = nullptr;
-        other._defaultView = nullptr;
         other._name.clear();
         other._ownsResources = false;
     }
@@ -159,9 +158,6 @@ class Texture {
     {
         if (this != &other)
         {
-            if (_defaultView != nullptr)
-                _defaultView.release();
-
             if (_ownsResources && _webgpuTexture != nullptr)
             {
                 _webgpuTexture.release();
@@ -173,7 +169,6 @@ class Texture {
             _ownsResources = other._ownsResources;
 
             other._webgpuTexture = nullptr;
-            other._defaultView = nullptr;
             other._name.clear();
             other._ownsResources = false;
         }
@@ -293,11 +288,11 @@ class Texture {
         return cbData.data;
     }
 
-    wgpu::TextureView GetDefaultView() const { return _defaultView; }
+    const Resource::TextureView &GetDefaultView() const { return _defaultView; }
 
-    inline wgpu::TextureView CreateView(const wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor &descriptor) const
+    inline Resource::TextureView CreateView(const wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor &descriptor) const
     {
-        return _webgpuTexture.createView(descriptor);
+        return Resource::TextureView(_webgpuTexture.createView(descriptor));
     }
 
     void ReleaseOwnership() { _ownsResources = false; }
@@ -328,7 +323,7 @@ class Texture {
     uint32_t _GetBytesPerPixel() const { return Utils::GetBytesPerPixel(_webgpuTexture.getFormat()); }
 
     wgpu::Texture _webgpuTexture;
-    wgpu::TextureView _defaultView;
+    Resource::TextureView _defaultView;
     std::string _name;
     bool _ownsResources = true;
 };

diff --git a/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/TextureView.hpp b/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/TextureView.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "exception/UnsupportedTextureFormatError.hpp"
+#include "resource/Context.hpp"
+#include "resource/Image.hpp"
+#include "utils/GetBytesPerPixel.hpp"
+#include "utils/webgpu.hpp"
+#include <array>
+#include <bit>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <functional>
+#include <glm/gtc/packing.hpp>
+#include <glm/vec2.hpp>
+#include <glm/vec4.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Graphic::Resource {
+
+class TextureView {
+  public:
+    TextureView(void) = default;
+    explicit TextureView(wgpu::TextureView &&textureView) : _webgpuView(std::move(textureView)) {}
+
+    ~TextureView() { Delete(); }
+    TextureView(const TextureView &) = delete;
+    TextureView &operator=(const TextureView &) = delete;
+
+    TextureView(TextureView &&other) noexcept : _webgpuView(std::move(other._webgpuView))
+    {
+        other._webgpuView = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    TextureView &operator=(TextureView &&other) noexcept
+    {
+        if (this != &other)
+        {
+            if (_webgpuView != nullptr)
+            {
+                _webgpuView.release();
+                _webgpuView = nullptr;
+            }
+            _webgpuView = std::move(other._webgpuView);
+            other._webgpuView = nullptr;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    const wgpu::TextureView &GetWebGPUView() const { return _webgpuView; }
+
+    void Delete()
+    {
+        if (_webgpuView != nullptr)
+        {
+            _webgpuView.release();
+            _webgpuView = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    wgpu::TextureView _webgpuView = nullptr;
+};
+} // namespace Graphic::Resource
diff --git a/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/TextureViewContainer.hpp b/src/plugin/graphic/src/resource/TextureViewContainer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "resource/ResourceManager.hpp"
+#include "resource/TextureView.hpp"
+#include "utils/webgpu.hpp"
+
+namespace Graphic::Resource {
+
+using TextureViewContainer = Object::Resource::ResourceManager<Resource::TextureView>;
+
+}
diff --git a/src/plugin/graphic/src/system/shutdown/ReleaseTextureView.cpp b/src/plugin/graphic/src/system/shutdown/ReleaseTextureView.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include "system/shutdown/ReleaseTextureView.hpp"
+#include "resource/TextureViewContainer.hpp"
+
+void Graphic::System::ReleaseTextureView(Engine::Core &core) { core.DeleteResource<Resource::TextureViewContainer>(); }
diff --git a/src/plugin/graphic/src/system/shutdown/ReleaseTextureView.hpp b/src/plugin/graphic/src/system/shutdown/ReleaseTextureView.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/Core.hpp"
+
+namespace Graphic::System {
+void ReleaseTextureView(Engine::Core &core);
+} // namespace Graphic::System
diff --git a/src/plugin/graphic/tests/BindGroupTest.cpp b/src/plugin/graphic/tests/BindGroupTest.cpp
@@ -197,8 +197,9 @@ TEST(BindGroupTest, CreatesEntriesForTextureAssets)
         const auto &entries = bindGroup.GetEntries();
         ASSERT_EQ(entries.size(), 3u);
         EXPECT_EQ(entries.at(0).binding, 0u);
-        EXPECT_EQ(entries.at(0).textureView,
-                  core.GetResource<Graphic::Resource::TextureContainer>().Get(textureId).GetDefaultView());
+        EXPECT_EQ(
+            entries.at(0).textureView,
+            core.GetResource<Graphic::Resource::TextureContainer>().Get(textureId).GetDefaultView().GetWebGPUView());
         EXPECT_EQ(entries.at(1).binding, 1u);
         EXPECT_EQ(entries.at(1).buffer, core.GetResource<Graphic::Resource::GPUBufferContainer>()
                                             .Get(entt::hashed_string("bindgroup_buffer_asset"))
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@ TEST(BindGroupTest, RefreshUpdatesTextureBindings)
             textures.Remove(textureId);
             textures.Add(textureId, std::move(newTexture));
         }
-        auto updatedView = textures.Get(textureId).GetDefaultView();
+        auto updatedView = textures.Get(textureId).GetDefaultView().GetWebGPUView();
         EXPECT_NE(bindGroup.GetEntries().at(0).textureView, updatedView);
 
         bindGroup.Refresh(core);

diff --git a/src/plugin/rmlui/src/utils/RenderInterface.cpp b/src/plugin/rmlui/src/utils/RenderInterface.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ wgpu::BindGroup CreateTextureBindGroup(Engine::Core &core, const wgpu::BindGroup
 {
     std::array<wgpu::BindGroupEntry, 2> entries = {};
     entries[0].binding = 0;
-    entries[0].textureView = texture.GetDefaultView();
+    entries[0].textureView = texture.GetDefaultView().GetWebGPUView();
     entries[1].binding = 1;
     entries[1].sampler = sampler;