þouの英語

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/08/10 16:05 UTC 版)

中期英語

語源 1

From 古期英語 þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

別の表記

thou, þu, thu, þoue, thoue, þowe, thowe, þouȝ, thouȝ, þue, ðhu, þeu, þeou, thugh, thogh, þo, tu, tou, towe, you

発音

(stressed) IPA: /θuː/, /ðuː/
(unstressed) IPA: /ðu/
(after /t/, /d/, especially early) IPA: /tuː/, /tu/

代名詞

þou (accusative þe, genitive þin, possessive determiner þi, þin)

thou (second-person singular pronoun); you
- c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 36-37; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:
  
  Stille þou be peter. Wel i þe icnowe. / þou wolt fur ſ ake me þrien . ar þe coc him crowe.
  
  "Quiet now, Peter. I know you well; / You'll forsake me three times when the cock crows."

派生語

Derived terms

artou
comsteu
connowustou
dorstou
hastou
havedestou
maistou
miȝtou
neltou
tertestou
thall
thart
thatou
therstou
þerftou
þut
wilte
wiltou
wolte
wostou

派生した語

English: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney), yͧ (obsolete)
Fingallian: thoo
Scots: thou, du, thoo
Yola: thou, th'

参考

Middle English personal pronouns
			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive	possessive
singular	1st person		I, ich, ik	me		min mi	min
	2nd person		þou	þe		þin þi	þin
	3rd person	m	he	him hine	him	his	his hisen
		f	sche, heo	hire heo	hire		hire hires, hiren
		n	hit		hit him	his, hit	—
dual	1st person		wit	unk		unker
dual	2nd person		ȝit	inc		inker
plural	1st person		we	us, ous		oure	oure oures, ouren
	2nd person		ye	yow		your	your youres, youren
	3rd person	inh.	he	hem he	hem	here	here heres, heren
	3rd person	bor.	þei	þem, þeim		þeir	þeir þeires, þeiren

Used preconsonantally or before h.
Early or dialectal.
Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third person dual forms in Middle English.
Sometimes used as a formal 2nd person singular.

参照

^ Brink, Daniel (1992), “Variation between <þ-> and in the Ormulum”, in Irmengard Rauch, Gerald F. Carr and Robert L. Kyes, editors, On Germanic Linguistics: Issues and Methods (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs; 68), De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 21-35 .
^ Thurber, Beverly A. (15 February 2011), “Voicing of Initial Interdental Fricatives in Early Middle English Function Words”, in Journal of Germanic Linguistics, volume 23, number 1, Cambridge University Press, →DOI, pages 65-81.
^ “thou, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 5 May 2018.

語源 2

副詞

þou

alternative form of thogh

接続詞